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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What did Constantine rename his capital?
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Constantinople
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What was Constantinople's previous name?
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Byzantium
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What does Hagia Sophia mean?
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Saint of the Church
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What defensive structure preserved Constantinople for centuries from invasions?
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a series of walls along its western edge
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What was the language of the East and the original language of almost the entire New Testament?
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Greek
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What was the importance of the Codex Justinianus?
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it was used as a basis for developing canon law
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What heresy said Chris possessed only one nature and was supported by Empress Theodora?
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Monophysitism
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Who was considered the last great ruler in the Roman tradition?
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Emperor Justinian
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Who was Justinian I's wife?
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Theodora
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What is an Icon?
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a 2-dimensional image of Christ, Mary, or the Saints
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Four elements in an icon
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vegetable, animal, mineral, human
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people who preserved and venerated icons
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iconophiles
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what does iconoclast mean
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Image breaker
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In 726, this person declared that all icons were occasions for idolatry and ordered their destruction
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Emperor Leo III
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Who established the Carolingian dynasty
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Pepin the Short
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On what day was Charlemagne crowned Holy Roman Emperor and by whom
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In 800 by Pope St. Leo III
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Charlemagne was the first to receive this title
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Holy Roman Emperor
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Who were the Saxons
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band of pagan tribes who lived in NE Germany
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What did Charlemagne contribute to the Western European culture
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The Carolingian Renaissance emphasizing education and art
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most influential scholar of the Carolingian Renaissance
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Alcuin
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why did Patriarch Ignatius of Constantinople refuse Holy Communion to high official Bardas
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because of rumors of Adultery
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when was the Great Schism
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1054
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The two major cities of the Eastern and Western Churches are
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Constantinople and Rome
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Symbolic relationship between the Patriarch of Constantinople and the Eastern Emperor
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Caesaropapism
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Under which Patriarch did the Schism occur
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Michael Cerularius
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Fillioque is Latin for
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and the Son
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three modern popes that have tried to heal the Schism are
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John Paul II; Pope Paul VI; Pope Benedict XVI
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what event precipitated the Great Schism
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mutual excommunication
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who delivered the disastrous papal reply for excommunication in 1054
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Cardinal Humbert and Frederick of Larraine
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Factors contributing to the Schism
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Politics; Papal Power; Practices
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Title of the head of the Eastern Orthodox Church
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Ecumenical Patriarch
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what year did charlemagne die
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814
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who succeeded Charlemagne
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his son Louis the Pious
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What did King Louis do that contributed to the downfall of the Carolingian Dynasty?
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he divided his kingdom among his three sons
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what is feudalism?
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A political and economic system of Europe from the 9th to about the 15th century, based on the holding of all land in fief or fee and the resulting relation of lord to vassal and characterized by homage, legal and military service of tenants, and forfeiture.
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what is a vassal
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a wealthy landowning lord
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what is nepotism
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the appointment of family members to important posistions of authority
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where are the vikings from
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Scandinavia
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first abbot of the Cluny Monastary
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St. Berno
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what was the special privelegium to the Cluny Monastary by Pope Benedict VIII and why was it important
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He let them be free from the authority of kings, bishops, and nobles, and they were to only answer to the papacy. This is important because it freed them from the troublesomeness of feudalism
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who reunited the Holy Roman Empire
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Otto I, the Great
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Who was the first pope to preach on the crusades
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Pope Bl. Urban II
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lay investure controversy
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controversy between the church and state over who could appoint bishops, secular or religious leaders.
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Under whose Papacy was the lay investure controversy adressed
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Pope St. Gregory VII
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document that ened the lay investiture controversy
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Concordat of Worms
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what HRE did penance by standing barefoot in the snow outside a villa to seek a return to the Church
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Henry IV
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who was the martyred English Saint who defended the Church's right to appoint bishops against King Henry II
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St. Thomas a Becket
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What other monastery movements began in the eleventh century
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the Cistercians and the Carthusians
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who was the Cistercian monk who was so influential to bishops and popes of his time, it was called the....
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Age of St. Bernard
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who founded the Carthusian monks
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St. Bruno
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