Religion Test 1

Front 1

What does sui generis mean?

Back 1

Unique/of it's own type

Front 2

What is mysterium?

Back 2

Experience of sacredness/with the divine

Front 3

What is Axis Mundi?

Back 3

Center of the world

Front 4

What is Asceticism?

Back 4

Refers to denying physical pleasure for spiritual gains

Front 5

What is a ritual?

Back 5

Action that links the individual and community to each other through sacred rites of passage.

Front 6

What is Orthodoxy?

Back 6

Sacred/right beliefs

Front 7

What is Orthopraxy?

Back 7

Right actions/practice (to do it the right way)

Front 8

What is a myth?

Back 8

A symbolic story about the origins and destinies of humans/people (not always based on literal truth)

Front 9

What is a symbol?

Back 9

Image that represents something other than itself

Front 10

What is via analogia?

Back 10

By analogy, saying what it is like using metaphorical language.

Front 11

What is via negativa?

Back 11

Saying what it is not like. Through negation.

Front 12

What is animism? Who coined the term?

Back 12

Belief in souls/spirits that give life and identity to all beings.

-E.B. Taylor

Front 13

What is a totem?

Back 13

Natural object that symbolizes the common origin of the people/group.

Front 14

What is Dreamtime?

Back 14

The creation story of Australian Aborigines

Front 15

These are often clan based and tied to a spiritual totem?

Back 15

Indigenous Communities

Front 16

What is a Shaman?

Back 16

Person who communicates with spirits through trance with a goal to repaid the world.

Front 17

What is Sorcerer?

Back 17

Communicates with spirits for person gain/wrong-doing.

Front 18

What is the Caste System?

Back 18

A divinely ordained class system dominant in Hinduism

Front 19

What is Dharma?

Back 19

Duty-determined by caste and gender.

Front 20

What is the #3 religion in the world?

Back 20

Hindiusm

Front 21

What was on the first civilizations in human history?

Back 21

Indus Valley

Front 22

What is the Mohenjo Daro?

Back 22

Mound of the Dead-City that existed for death rituals

Front 23

What are Aryans?

Back 23

Indo Europeans

Front 24

What are the sacred texts of Hinduism? What language are they written in?

Back 24

1. Vedas

2. Sanskrit

Front 25

What is the highest caste in Hinduism and their role?

Back 25

1. Brahmins

2. Priests

Front 26

What are the Upanishads?

Back 26

Mystical additions to the Vedas?

Front 27

What is Ontology?

Back 27

Theory of existence

Front 28

What is Samsara?

Back 28

The physical world defined by cyclical season of life?

Front 29

What is Brahman?

Back 29

Ultimate truth, spiritual ground of all being (The Spirit World)

Front 30

What is Atman?

Back 30

The soul/self

Front 31

What is Karma?

Back 31

Moral law of cause/effect, says that the universe inevitably wants to balance itself out.

Front 32

What is Moksha?

Back 32

Liberation. The atman becomes free of karma and returns to reunification with the divine.

Front 33

What is Yoga?

Back 33

Disciplined acts for gaining moksha. Means union

Front 34

What is the Yoga Sutra?

Back 34

Guide for practicing yoga.

Front 35

What is the ultimate end of yoga?

Back 35

Meditation

Front 36

This time saw the arrival of Buddhism and Jainism that challenged the Vedas?

Back 36

The Axial Age

Front 37

What is Purusha?

Back 37

Considered the first man and his parts became the universe.

Front 38

What are the 4 roles in the caste system?

Back 38

1. Brahmins (priests)

2. Kshatriyas (warriors/ruling class)

3. Vaishyas (merchants/farmers)

4. Shudra (servants)`

Front 39

What are Epics?

Back 39

Divine history of heroic accounts of early battles fought by warriors in the Aryan class.

Front 40

What is the Ramayana?

Back 40

Story of Lord Rama and his wife Sita. He is the authentic heir to the kingdom(semi-divine) and must save Sita from the underworld and defeat the demons there with the help of the monkey king.

Front 41

What is the Mahabharata? What famous book does it contain?

Back 41

1. Longest poem every written and tells of existential dilemmas of Hindu life.

2. Bhagavad Gita

Front 42

What is the Bhagavad Gita?

Back 42

Focuses on Arjuna and his call to fight and the ensuing struggle b/c it doesn't align with his duty to act non-violently.

Front 43

What is Karma Yoga?

Back 43

Unattached action/selfless service

Front 44

What is Bhakti?

Back 44

Devotion to God and the result is divine deliverance

Front 45

What are the Puranas?

Back 45

Popular stories about gods.

Front 46

What is the Kali Yuga?

Back 46

Dark age, period of human decline and is said to be occurring now.

Front 47

Who are the three major gods of the puranas?

Back 47

1. Vishnu?

2. Shiva

3. Devi

Front 48

What is the role of Vishnu?

Back 48

To preserve universe and moral order.

Front 49

What are avataras?

Back 49

incarnations of Vishnu on earth

Front 50

What is the role of Shiva?

Back 50

The destroyer-father of Ganesh and Kumar. Wife is Parvati.

Front 51

Who is Devi?

Back 51

Female goddess

Front 52

What is Shakti?

Back 52

Feminine creative energy.

Front 53

Who are Shaktas?

Back 53

devotees of Devi

Front 54

What is Bhakti?

Back 54

Devotional traditions

Front 55

What is Puja?

Back 55

Prayer/Ritual Offering

Front 56

What is Diwali?

Back 56

Harvest type festival around Autumnal Equinox focuses on Lakshmi the goddess of wealth and is also known as the "festival of light"

Front 57

What is Holi?

Back 57

The festival of love, typically associated with Krishna. See the overturning of the caste system and gender roles. Playful games and trick are done in honor of the trickster god Krishna. Comparable to Mardi Gras.

Front 58

What is Kumbha Mala?

Back 58

Pilgrimages to scared rivers.

Front 59

What is Ahmisa?

Back 59

Non-violence

Front 60

When did India obtain independence from British rule?

Back 60

1947

Front 61

What is the world's first great missionary religion?

Back 61

Buddhism

Front 62

What is the world's 4th largest religion?

Back 62

Buddhism

Front 63

What are the 3 refuges of Buddhism?

Back 63

1. Buddha (Siddhartha)

2. Dharma (teachings)

3. Sangha (community of believers)

Front 64

What are the 4 passing sites that Buddha (Siddhartha) encounters?

Back 64

1. Sick Man

2. Old Man

3. Dead Man

4. Shramana (wandering, ascetic monk)

Front 65

What is Shramana seeking that Buddha desires as well?

Back 65

The path to the end of all suffering

Front 66

What is Nirvana?

Back 66

Reaching the end of all suffering (translated to blowing out a candle)

Front 67

What are Stupas?

Back 67

Houses of relics which act as places to offer meditation and perform devotional practice

Front 68

What are the 4 Noble Truths at the core of Buddhism?

Back 68

1. All life entails suffering

2. The cause of suffering is desire

3. Removing desire removes suffering

4. The path for removing desire is to follow the 8 fold path (which is the actions to overcome/breakdown desires)

Front 69

What is dependent origination?

Back 69

That every moment is conditioned by what has come before.

Front 70

Buddhism says that there is no this?

Back 70

No Self (no independent existence)

Front 71

What is Sangha?

Back 71

Community of worshipers in Buddhism

Front 72

What are 2 major branches of Buddhism?

Back 72

1. Theravada

2. Mahayana

Front 73

What is Theravada Buddhism?

Back 73

Way of the elders, follow traditional Buddhist teachings

Front 74

What is an arhat?

Back 74

An enlightened disciple of Theravada

Front 75

What is Mahayana Buddhism?

Back 75

The greater way. Says no-self, believes we are all profoundly connected.

Front 76

What are Bodhisattavas?

Back 76

Future Buddhas-those who have reached the point of enlightenment but hold off in order to help others.

Front 77

What are two subsets of Mahayana Buddhism?

Back 77

1. Pure Land Buddhism

2. Zen Buddhism

Front 78

What is Pure Land Buddhism?

Back 78

Focuses on Amitabha/Amida and says that devotion to him will ensure rebirth in the next life in a heaven like place.

Front 79

What is Zen Buddhism?

Back 79

Focuses on meditation

Front 80

What is Koan?

Back 80

Spiritual riddle used by Zen teachers meant to foster spiritual growth-doesn't matter what you say but how you say it.

Front 81

What has introduced challenges and new practices in Buddhism?

Back 81

1. Technology

2. Migration

Front 82

What is Vajrayana?

Back 82

Subset of Mahayana Buddhism focused in South Asia-specifically Tibet.

Front 83

The Dalai Lama is considered this?

Back 83

A Bodisattva

Front 84

What is the teaching of the Tantra?

Back 84

Says that anything done with mindfulness can be a form of meditation.

Front 85

How did Buddhist acclimate to the surrounding indigenous people?

Back 85

Took on their gods as Bodhisattvas

Front 86

What is Import Buddhism?

Back 86

Those specifically seeking out Buddhism-also known as Elite Buddhism

Front 87

What is Export Buddhism?

Back 87

Also know as evangelical buddhism, it is a missionary type.

Front 88

What is Baggage Buddhism?

Back 88

Those who are born into the faith and take it with them when they immigrate elsewhere.

Front 89

What is Animism?

Back 89

Belief that all things (not just humans) are imbued with an internal spirit that gives life and identity.

Front 90

What is a Totem?

Back 90

Natural object that represents a common spiritual ancestor.

Front 91

What is Diffuse Religion?

Back 91

Centered on family and locality/community gods prominent

Front 92

What are three aspirations under Chinese diffuse religions?

Back 92

1. Live a long life

2. Have money

3. have children

Front 93

Diffuse religion says that a relationship b/w gods and people should be this?

Back 93

Reciprocal

Front 94

What are some common traits in Diffuse religion?

Back 94

1. Local gods

2. Ancestor veneration

3. Harmony and balance (yin-yang)

4. Organicism (everything is interconnected)

5. 3 Faiths

Front 95

What are the 3 faiths in Diffuse Religion?

Back 95

1. Confucianism

2. Daoism

3. Buddhism

Front 96

What is yin-yang?

Back 96

The dualistic principle of balance

Front 97

Who was the founder of Confucianism?

Back 97

Master Kung

Front 98

What are the annalects?

Back 98

The core texts of Confucianism based on a system of etiquette

Front 99

What is Ren?

Back 99

Humanness

Front 100

What is Li?

Back 100

Ethical conduct

Front 101

What is xiao?

Back 101

Filial piety (respect for family)

Front 102

Confucianism believes this?

Back 102

That we are all interconnected

Front 103

What is the mandate of heaven?

Back 103

Ultimate goal is the receipt of the gods approval when this occurs all suffering has been overcome

Front 104

Who is Lao Zi?

Back 104

Founder Daoism

Front 105

What is the problem according to Daoism?

Back 105

Society itself Must get away from it to maintain balance.

Front 106

This acts as a counterbalance to Confucianism and represents a different viewpoint?

Back 106

Daoisim

Front 107

This is the core text of Daoism?

Back 107

Daodejing

Front 108

The opening line of the Daodejing says that the the truth that can be put into words is?

Back 108

Not the truth

Front 109

What is Qi?

Back 109

Flowing energy/life force

Front 110

What is Wu-Wei?

Back 110

Actionless-Actions (going with the flow)

Front 111

What are some examples of actionless action in Daoism?

Back 111

1. Alchemy

2. Martial Arts

3. Acupuncture

Front 112

What constitutes Religious Daoism?

Back 112

Practices followed to become immortal

Front 113

What constitutes Philosophical Daoism?

Back 113

The ideas that make it up

Front 114

What was the role of Mao Zedong?

Back 114

Established People's Republic of China in 1949

Front 115

This was a period in Chinese history where bans on religion were extremely policed?

Back 115

The Cultural Revolution (1966-1976)

Front 116

Because people could not worship in Communist China what did they do?

Back 116

Either did so in secret or gave veneration to images of Mao Zedong

Front 117

This religion has a long history in China?

Back 117

Islam

Front 118

This is the largest growing religion in modern China?

Back 118

Christianity