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145 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Vision of Islam is the vision of a:
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hard and uncompromising faith, which will turn to violent to impose its will on others.
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The image of a violent and terrorist Islam is in opposition:
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with its beliefs and is seen as a distortion of the media by its believers
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Islam means:
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“self-surrender”
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Muslim means:
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“somebody that surrenders
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Edward Said- wrote
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Portraying Islam and Orientalism
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Samuel Huntington wrote
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The Clash of Civilizations
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The Clash of Civilizations is about:
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Conflict between the west and Islam is the source of the wars of the future
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Until the 16th century, Arabic was:
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the language of culture and the transmission of knowledge was from the Middle East to Europe
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Greek philosophy comes into the Western mind because
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they were preserved in Arabic
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Division between Islam and the Western world:
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is a hard division to maintain
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Only 25% of Muslims are:
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Arab
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There are more African and
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more Asian Muslims than there are of Arab Muslims
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The majority of Muslims are in:
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in South and Southeast Asia places such as Pakistan, Bangladesh, India and Indonesia
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Arab and Muslims are not considered
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Equal in Islam
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In the middle Ages, where did the Islamic Empire span?
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The Islamic Empire spanned from Spain to India, and Turkey to Yemen
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In terms of sheer size, Islam is considered the:
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Second largest religion in the world
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Islam is considered a:
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global phenomenon, not an Arab one
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A misconception is that Muhammad was starting a new religion when in fact:
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he was reforming a religion by calling them back to the new religion.It was a reminder to those that had forgotten God' True Nature.
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Hadith was an individual who:
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collected sayings of the prophet Mohammed
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Mohammed stated that:
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Islam brings a pure religion, it is the original religion of humankind, Adam was the first Muslim and was the first person to surrender to God, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus were Muslims as well. Islam incorporates and corrects Judaism and Christianity
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In Islam what do individuals think of Jesus:
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The Muslims believed that Jesus was a great prophet but Muslims did not appreciate him as the son of God
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According to the Muslims, the Jewish and Christian scriptures and bibles
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were later corrupted. Additionally God sends a reminder, a final one, in the Quran because the Jewish and Christian Bible were corrupted.
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The Qur'an is:
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The book that records in Arabic, o Thought to be unachievable by ordinary human beings ,The divine message of God as told by Muhammad in his pilgrimages to Mecca and Medina
God’s revelation |
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The Qur'an contains
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114 Suras or chapters- organized according to length, The record of God’s communication with humankind
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Contrary to popular belief Muhammad is:
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NOT the author of the Qur’an, God IS THE AUTHOR, Muhammad is not the divinely inspired author of the Qur’an, he is just a mouth piece
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The divine nature of the Qur’an can be compared to:
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the divine nature of Christ as understood by Christians
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Recitation of the Qur’an can be seen as:
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the act of receiving the Christian Eucharist by Christians
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The Arabic in the Qur’an cannot be
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imitated and cannot be translated, There are translations though but they are believed to be rough approximations,Translations are not seen as the Scripture itself,The Arabic language is central to the Qur’an
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There are schools where people
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learn Quranic recitation
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Sunni/ Shiite's are
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the most important divisions within the Islamic world
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Sunnis are
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the largest group, 85% of Muslims
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The Sunni's do not have to be
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descended from the family of Muhammad, Immediate succession is not necessary
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The Sunni's emphasize:
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tradition, the way that the Prophet and his followers lived
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According to the Sunni's, the Qur'an is:
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the fundamental authority
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The Hadith and the Ulama are
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the consensus of the Islamic scholars
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Saudi Arabia is:
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the seat of the Sunni’s greatest influence, capital of Sunni beliefs
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Shiites make up:
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10-15% of Muslims
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The Shiites are:
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True successors of Muhammad need to descend directly from Muhammad’s family, Believe that the spiritual power of these true successors is transmitted to a series of Imams
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Imams are seen as:
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infallible religious leaders
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Iran is
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seat of power of Shiite Islam in the world
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The 5 Pillars of Islam are:
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Shahada, Salat, Mihrab, Ramadan, Zakat
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Shahada is:
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proMession of faith, there is no God other than God, Muhammad is a messenger, nothing more, Strict monotheism of faith.
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Salat is:
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ritual prayer, Strict structure to a Muslim’s daily routine, Life is given direction and filled with a sense of holiness that connects Muslims to a wider community of Muslims,
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What is the prayer schedule according to Salat:
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Sunrise, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset and nightfall the Muslims are called to prayer
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The mosque is usual place but any place and every place is appropriate t/f?
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True
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Mihrab is:
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most important part of the mosque, shows you the direction of Mecca
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According to the Mihrab during prayer:
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individuals must face the direction of Mecca, birth place of Muhammad Prayer includes specific physical action
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Ramadan is:
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a fast during the month of Ramadan, Month that Muhammad received his first revelations, This month, from sunrise to sunset, Muslims refrain from food, drink, and sex, Serves as a ritual reminder of Muslim identity world-wide
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The Zakat states that
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Muslims are obligated to contribute a portion of their wealth to the needy. They are supposed to give 2.5% of what they make. • In Islamic states, this is usually collected by the government
In non-Islamic states, it is collected by the religious community It is to level the community and binds Muslims to each other. Known as alms. |
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Hajj is:
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pilgrimage to Mecca, Expected of every Muslim to make a pilgrimage of Mecca at least once in their life, Aproach Mecca stripped of all external evidence and only wearing 2 pieces of white cloth, All Muslims are one, egalitarianism and equality are the rule
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Muhammed lived from
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(570-632)
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In terms of Prophets Muhammed was :
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Final prophet, seal of the prophets
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In 611 Muhammed was:
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meditating in the cave of Hira a few miles from Mecca and heard a voice that asked him to recite, he was squeezed, hugged and he was asked to recite, he did not know what to say but then he finally figured it out, a new prophet is born
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Muhammed's History is rather easy to come across t/f
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F
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The Qur’an, the Hadith and early
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biographies are the only evidence of Muhammed
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The early biographies of Muhammed were written
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135 years after his death
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Muhammed was born:
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in Mecca, Was orphaned at age 6 and cared for by his uncle, Because he was forced to work at a young age in Mecca’s caravan trade, he might have been unschooled and illiterate
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Muhammed He had become a successful member of Meccan society and He was disturbed by the changes of the trading center
T/F |
True
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Initally Muhammed's first teachings were:
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rejected by Meccans because they undermined the foundation of Meccan oligarchy.
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Muhammed defended:
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the rights of the poor, His rejection of polytheism undermined the religious prestige of Mecca as keepers of the Kaba
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Kaba-
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housed many tribal gods, Undermined sources of revenue.
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Muhammed insisted that:
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that all true believers belong to a single universal community that transcended tribal bonds, the Ummah, was revolutionary in its implications for established power
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Mecca was
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becoming a prosperous trading center where tribal life was being threatened in the time of Muhammad, Nomadic lifestyle was being kicked out
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Medina is
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the starting point of the Islamic calendar, it is very important
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The migration to Medina for Islam
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was during the year 622
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Muhammad and 200
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of his followers go to Medina to solve a dispute
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Muhammad died in
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632
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After Muhammad's death
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All of Arabia joined together under the banner of Islam
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Within 40 years of Muhammad’s death, there was a great expansion of Islam
t/f |
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it was 10 not 40 years |
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During the 10 years after Muhammed's death
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Muslim conquerors proved to be good rulers,They replaced the rulers but let the people keep their own ways of life and their own government, Religious communities were allowed to practice their own faith They brought peace
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Age of “the Rightly Guided Ones”
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Authoritative version of Qur’an (650), Put together by a Caliph named Uthman
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Western scripture operates under a framework where:
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if you do good stuff, God rewards you and if you do bad stuff, God punishes you
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Islamic extremists believe that they did something wrong:
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because God is not favoring them like He used to
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Umayyad Caliphate was from
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(661-750) Rise of Ulama and mystical groups
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During the Rise of Ulama:
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Mystical groups wanted the focus to be on religion instead of on politics. Empire more organized by politics than religion. Expanded so quickly that there are so many different customs and it’s hard to unify those
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Abbasid Caliphate was during the years:
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(750-1258),Center of culture, Science, Art, and Philosophy, Time when Europe is in the Middle/Dark Ages
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During the Time of Abbasid Caliphate
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Different religious groups living in peace, Spain was Muslim until 1492 but Muslims, Christians, and Jews lived in peace
Religions could flourish together under Muslim rule but under Christian rule, Muslims and Jews were expelled |
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Caliph is
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a term within Sunni Islam for the successor of Muhammad
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Shii Safavid Dynasty
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was from (1501-1722)- it was under Shiite control
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The Mughal Empire
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Centered in India, Hindu practices were somewhat polytheistic and you would figure that Islam would have a hard time with that, But Hindu and Islam practices coexisted peacefully and they learned from each other
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Ottoman Empire (1299-1922 was in these countries
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Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, Greece
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Kafir is an
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unbeliever, Out of neglect or forgetfulness, forgets to put God at the front of his or her life
Hiding or concealing from himself or herself what is most true about him or herself |
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Kafir is blind:
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to the desire of the universe
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Kafir experiences the marvelous
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workings of his or her body but knows not the magnificence of his or her own body, Rebels against God ,He or she commits a terrible treason
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Kufr is
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to conceal
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Struggle with Sin in Islam is because
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No idea of original sin
Arises from forgetting or neglecting who we really are |
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It is possible to completely submit your life to your own will T/F
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Possibility to submit to GOD'S will |
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The prophets were all perfect Muslims T/F
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T
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Within Islam, God does not
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demand stuff of us that we cannot do
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Jihad means
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Striving to be a perfect Muslim
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Greater Jihad-
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the eternal struggle of the Muslim to be a good Muslim
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Lesser Jihad
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fighting, war, in the news
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Imam
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Means faith
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In Imam, surrender...
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where you arrive at, not where you start, surrender is a choice, we have free will.
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For Christians, faith is believing
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without reason, it is opposed to reason
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o In Islam, faith in the Muslim path
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is faith that arises from reason
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o Highest path of knowledge
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faith
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o We are supposed to hear the relevation, evaluate and test it,
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until their reason, opening up their eyes, leads them to faith
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o Qur’an and reason are not in opposition
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properly understood, they work together
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• Ummah refers to
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o Muslims should live as one who belongs to the Ummah, the worldwide community
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o According to the Qur’an
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people were 1 community but then they divided
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o Migration to Medina
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creation of an Ummah, It is all embracing, expression of Human unity
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• Shariah
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Islamic Law
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o Qur’an, Hadith, and Reasoning by Analogy:
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backbone of Islamic law, There are a lot of conflicts about Islamic law
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It is widely believed that Islam
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to women’s rights but it is actually not
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• Aisha-
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one of Muhammad’s wives, Led men in battle, Was a commander, foundation for understanding women's role in society.
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• Allah
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the word for God in Arabic, It is not a personal name, it is universal, It means “the God”
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Allah the word for God In Arabic is like Yahweh, Christ, or Vishnu T/F
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F
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• The image is God is an image of God that is
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more powerful than either in Judaism or Christianity God created the world in 6 days but not in a step by step process, it emphasizes that God began to rule the world on the 7th day, instead of resting because that would imply that He would be tired by the process, Islam says that He was not tired
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• Like the Hebrew Bible, the Qur’an
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singles out human beings as God’s special creation but it does not talk about human beings being created in the image of God
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The Qur'an states that human beings
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do have a special role, We are to be God’s deputy or representative on earth
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Story of Iblis
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story of a fallen angel, the act of rebellion is somewhat different
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o God offered the divine trust to
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care for creation
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o We are by nature
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negligent, forgetful, do not pay attention to our true nature
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o We allow the guidance by prophets
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o in the past to be forgotten or corrupted
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• Sufism
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oIslamic mysticism, Essential truth exists in all religions, All religions share the same truth
Various spiritual teachers are different but their source is the same, their source is God |
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The 4 Stages of Sufism are
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Shariah
Tariqah (Mystical Path) Haqiqah (Truth) Marifah (Gnosis) |
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Shariah
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Provides guidance, Being a sufi without following the shariah is like building a house without anything underneath, Makes outwards life organized, religious, spiritual
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Tariqah (Mystical Path)
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Refers to the path in the desert that a Bedouin would follow to travel from oasis to oasis, In the desert, the path is not clearly marked, To find your way in the trackless desert, you need to know the area intimately or you get a guide that knows
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Sheikh
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the guide, the sufi teacher, can teach you and lead the way
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Haqiqah (Truth) refers to
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Refers to the inner meaning of the practices found in both the shariah and the sufi path,
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• One does not live according to the shariah because the law tells us to do so,
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there is an inner spiritual reason to keep Islamic law, Truth is that inner meaning, Without direct experience with that inner truth, you are just imitating what everybody else is doing
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Marifah (Gnosis) basically means
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knowledge, Spiritual truth
Permanent state of attunement with God Deepest level of insight Carried on for the rest of your life |
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o At the level of shariah,
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“there exists yours and mine” Organizes society
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o At the level of tariqah
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there is “yours is mine and mine is yours”
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Sufis are expected to treat each othe
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as brothers and sisters
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o At the level of the truth, there
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is “no mine and no yours Advanced Sufis recognize that all things come from God, We are only care-takers
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o At the level of gnosis, there is
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“no me and no you”, At the final level, you realize that all is God, There is nothing and no one that is essentially separate from God
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o Goal of Sufism is to
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transform the self, cleanse the heart, and find God
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o Believe that we have a
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dual nature, 2 tendencies in the self
Higher tendency- controls lower tendency, We are to live in the higher tendency, higher self |
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o We live in our higher self by
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Sufi order/ school, Every Sufi teacher has been authorized by his or her own teacher
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• Every order contains an unbroken
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chain of sheikhs, each trained, confirmed and initiated by a previous teacher,
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• This chain reaches all the way back to
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Muhammad and from Muhammad all the way back to God, All require a period training
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• Sufis have always stressed love of God
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as a force that turns us away from attachment to the lower self and places us in our higher self
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• By channeling love towards God,
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they create a personal relationship with God
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• At the highest level of purity of the self
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one comes to an union with God
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• Notion of selfless love comes
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from a female Sufi named Rabia
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o Rabia was once asked if she loved God and she answered yes.....
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Then she was asked if she hated the devil and she said she didn’t have time to hate the devil because she loved God so much
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• Process of opening the heart is not fully realized until
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we’re serving others
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• A basic Sufi principle is that
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we must be able to fully live in the world and at the same time, pursue the highest spiritual goals
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• Sufi sheikh is expected to have a
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a job, marry, raise a family and lead a normal life, live fully in society
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• No dichotomy between
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living in the world and connection with God You have to be able to do both
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The need for service is the
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• Belief that God is most truly found in aiding others
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o Rumi was
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a Sufi poet
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Sufism has not
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always existed in good relations with islam
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