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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Eschatology Existentialist |
Even if you aren't punished during life, you are punished during death
There is no god, no afterlife, no punishment and no reward. Morality can be considered pointless. |
Morality is dependent on Religion 2 definitions |
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Divine Command Theory |
Sacred text provides moral standards (i.e. Decalogue) First Surah of the Koran - "guide us along the straight path" "If God does not exist, everything is permitted" - Dostoevsky The 'Religions of the book' offer reasons for DCT as God has authority and should be obeyed - "Sin is disobedience to the commands of God" - A.C. Grayling |
Morality is dependent on Religion 2 quotes |
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Aquinas - DCT positives |
Morality proves God Exists - "Must also be something to which is to all beings the cause of their being" Based on Plato's archetypes claiming that the realities of which the human mind is aware are copies of a greater reality- "The man who loves what is truly good, loves God" - F.C. Copleston |
Morality is dependent on Religion 2 quotes |
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Kant - DCT negatives |
Humans obey out of self preservation, not because they fear punishment - "morality must not lower herself" - Kant If morally good is God has commanded then the claim is trivial as 'what god commands is what god commands'. No personal relationship with deity, only obedience |
Morality is dependent on Religion NEGATIVES 2 quotes |
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Conscience |
Morality is dependent on religion as the conscience is the voice of God. Conscience must be trained to make right choices and this training leads us to God's will
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Morality is dependent on Religion |
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Conscience in Modern times/ Cardinal J.H. Newman |
Vatican document "Gaudium et spes" - "Deep within his conscience man discovers a law which he has not laid upon himself but he must obey" J.H.N: The conscience is the means by which we know about the existence and nature of God |
Morality is dependent on Religion 1 quote |
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Conscience in Religion |
Bible: "something which all humans have as a gift from God" (Romans 2:12) "Those who follow their conscience and love God will gain eternal life" (Romans 3:21-22) It enables them to hear God despite their sinful nature
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Morality is dependent on Religion 2 bible quotes |
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Arguments against conscience being from God |
Everyone's conscience is different May be a human interpretation of our body (mistaken interp.) Rather than God Given, conscience may be a human method to control social behaviour. |
Morality is dependent on Religion NEGATIVES |
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Religion is independent of Morality |
Moral teaching based on scripture is unreliable Interpretation problems If religious people are morally good to escape punishment are they good Society only needs religion in a crisis Unrealistic standards for theists with ancient ideas preventing moral progress. Old Testament is outdated |
Morality is independent of Religion |
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Euthyphro Dilemma |
"Do the gods love that which is holy, or is it holy because it is loved by the Gods?" - Plato Based on a discussion between socrates and Euthyphro at the court. Socrates posed the dilemma after Euthyphro takes his dad to court for manslaughter. |
Morality is independent of Religion 1 quote |
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ED - Does God command X because it is good? |
Goodness -> God -> Man Moral goodness comes from outside God's creation and he just communicates it to us. Questions classical theistic God. |
Morality is independent of Religion |
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ED - Is X good because God commands it? |
God -> Goodness -> Man God establishes what is good and then commands this onto humanity. God is good as what he commands is good, he could theoretically do anything and still be omnibenevolent. |
Morality is independent of Religion |
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R.A. Sharpe |
Argued that its absurd that ancient religious moral commands have authority today. |
Religion is opposed to morality |
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Friedrick Nietzsche |
(1844-1900) Religious morality limits human freedom Christianity encourages "slave mentality" People should strive towards autonomy Believed that one day morality wouldn't require the bible Humanity will "develop his own independent, long range will, which dares to make promises; he has a sense of power and freedom, of absolute". |
Religion is opposed to morality 2 quotes |
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Samuel Porter Putnam (challenges Nietzche) |
"The moment one loses confidence in God or immortality, one becomes self reliant" |
Morality is dependent on Religion 1 quote |
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A.C. Grayling |
Religion is irrelevant to contemporary secular morality "Religion is precisely the wrong resource for thinking about moral issues in the contemporary world, and indeed subverts moral debate." |
Religion is opposed to morality 1 quote |
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Morality not dependent on religion |
Biology: Stephen Law- "are we hard wired to behave a certain way?" Darwin & Evolution- morality develops and mutates like the physical human body. Morality changes with humanity. Social: Durkheim- family socialises us into being moral/immoral Freud- emotional manipulation to be moral. |
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