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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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John Wesley
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-founder of Wesleyanism
-evangelical conversion experience=norm -heart is strangely warm (religion isn't just intellectual assent) |
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Second Great Awakening happened because
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demographic change: frontier life
econ change: nascent industry political changes: rev of 1800, dem impulses, jacksonian democracy, everyone can be saved Rowdiness of frontier life=sex and alcohol making people upset |
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Three theaters of Great Awakening
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1. New England 2. Cumberland Valley 3. Upstate New York
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New England theater of the GA
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socially conservative, calvinist, few excesses, federalists involved, 150 churches
ex: Missionary Society of CT sends missionaries to heathen vermont and ohio, relig ed and book distribution, |
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Revival at Yale 1801
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1801, enlightenment wins over students
Timothy Dwight prez wants everyone to take moral philosophy 1/3 students converted in revival yale is "little temple" tons of relig sentiment |
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Cumberland Valley
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-second theater of GA in KY
-GA here bc: frontier demanding, alcohol consumption, liberal relig, sparse church attendance |
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What do Presbyterians and Methodists do to appeal to frontier people in Cumberland
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-abreviated liturgy; worship compatible w frontier life
-Methodists=circuit riders who travel long distances to reach everyone |
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Methodists appealing in cumberland bc
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they bring relig to the people with circuit preachers
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Baptsists appealing in cumberland bc
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anyone could be appointed a preacher
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James McGready
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emotional conversion in 1786, "heart was warm"
-ignored doctrine of election, everyone can be saved -1791 revival in NC -1796 moved to KY |
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revivals begin in KY in ____ under what preacher?
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1799 James McGready
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Gaspar River Revival 1800
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KY
-15 to 25 thousand people -led by frontier clergy and itinerant pastors -first big revival -Presb Baron W Stone visits, returns to Cane Ridge to create his own revival |
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Things that happened during Revivals in KY, South
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Physical exercises (falling, jerks, barking, dancing, etc = visitation of holy spirit)
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Southern Religion characterized by ______ which came from ______.
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Camp Meeting Relig
Scotland |
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Describe the all non-theology aspects of a Camp Meeting in the South (what does it look like, where is it, etc)
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-fairly permanent site
-out in the woods, need water -gender segregated seating -tents around meeting place -latsted about a week -things all day |
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Relig Theology of Camp Meeting
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-singing and damnatory preaching
-emphasized conversions: convicted of sin, rejection of pre-conversion life, assurance of salvation -emotional preaching -spiritual retreat and renewal |
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Third GA Theater
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Upstate New York--Burned over District
(first revival swept so much it singed the Erie Canal) |
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Described Burned over District
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Erie Canal -- 1817-25 opened up area to industrialization and econ growth
-developed frontier of Western NY -periodic revivals after 1800 |
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Charles Grandison Finny
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1821 converted, ordained 1824
rejected calvinism pulpit oratory NEW MEASURES: Protracted meetings--encourages people to come -allowign women to testify -advertising -ANXIOUS BENCH or MOURNERS BENCH where individuals could deliberate about the state of their souls and decide if they wanted to convert |
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NEW MEASURES
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(Charles Grandison Finney)
Protracted meetings--encourages people to come -allowign women to testify -advertising -ANXIOUS BENCH or MOURNERS BENCH where individuals could deliberate about the state of their souls and decide if they wanted to convert |
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Rochester Revival
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Finney Preached at 3rd Presb
Revival lasts until 1837 |
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Lyman Beecher on GA 2
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first, really against it
but after awakening of 1831, says its the greatest work of god and greatest revivals of relig that the world has ever seen |
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Quick Summary of 2nd GA
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-3 theaters: NE, Cumberland VAlley, Western NY
-introduced camp meetings -triumph of arminianism over calvinism (edwards v finney) -denominational realginment: before revival (these didnt preach revivals): Congregational, Anglican, Quaker after revival: Meth, Presb, Bapt (large Protestant groups that dominate today) |
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J Edwards v C G Finney
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J.Ed: 1GA= surprising work of god; its a miracle
Finney: 2GA=new measures; revival is not miracle but work of man; mechanistic approach to revivals; everyone can be converted; democratic and fits w the time nothing in relig beyond the ordinary powers of nature |
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finneys ideas about revival fit time bc
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market and ind rev=everything mechanistic
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arminiansim over calvinism
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religious self-determinism
dem impulse conducive to revivals more in touch w theology of early repub |
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antoher Finney V Edwards
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Finney: revivals can be planned
Ed: revivals=visitation of spirit |
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Results of Second GA (overview)
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Social reform
evangelical agenda post millenialism campaign against dueling missionary movements abolition of slavery opposition to slavery temperance education feminization of relig prison reform |
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Horace Bushnell and Social reform
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result of GA
-we can bring/make the xtian commonwealth to earth through our efforts |
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Evangelica Agenda caused by 2GA
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want to eradicate sin
voluntary socities belief in perfectability of human spirit want to reform society postmillenialism |
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Post millenialism
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jesus will return after millenium
believers have to make kingd of g on earth animated social reform |
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campaign against dueling
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1804 burr kills ham
lyman beecher takes up cause |
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Missionary Movemetns
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now seen as function of Xtian duty
David Brainerd 1806 Haystack Prayer meeting American board of commisioners for Foreign missions |
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Abolition of Slavery
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-growing sentiment among evangelicals
-quakers -methodists (1784 Xmas conference decrees end of slaveholding but this is rescinded in 1816) -1843 Wesleyan Methodist Connection formed |
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Opposition to Slavery By America (not relig)
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1807 end of slave trade
1816 Am Colonization society 1883 am anti slave society (garrison) |
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Am Colonization Society
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purchase freedom of slaves, repatriate to africa
-ambivalent response from blacks |
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Lucretia Mott
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quaker
1840 anti slave convention in london, not seated as deleg -started working for womens rights -link between womens rights and anti-slavery movement |
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Grimke Sisters
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rom Southern fam
episc to quaker joined anti-salvery society 1835: this is a cause worht dying for -speaking tour challenges idea women shouldnt speak in public -sarahs letter published in liberator -both write that slavery was opposed to xtian principles |
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Temperance Movement
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begun in NE
alcohol enslaved will maine 1851 male sociability affected; spend time in taverns instead of home actually a progressive cause then bc of alcohol abuse problems |
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Frances Willard
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ordination in Meth church denied
1879 becomes prez of Womens Xtian Temperance movement |
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Carry A Nation
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-divorced
-1889 crusade against liquor, agressive protests at tavers -saloons were "murder mills" "hell holes" |
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Women and temperance
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very much involved
lips that touch liquor shall not touch ours (pic) influences a lot of victorian hymns |
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Education after 2GA
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sunday schools expanded, originally used for literacy
-AGE OF CHURCH COLLEGE (desire to educatee masses -william holmes mcguffey: presb prez of miama of ohio, writes McGuffey Readers which advocate good protestant values |
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Female Seminaries
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education for women
-emma willards school (troy ny) oxford female college (ohio) moutn holyoke |
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prison reform
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Louis Dwight
-Auburn System penitentiary rather than confinement moral and relig education |
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Feminization of Relig
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-ga mobilizes women
-revivals suspend social norms -new measures allow women to testify at meetings, at mourners bench; have exertations -women organize reform societys -virtue revolutionized |
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New Def of Virtue
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used to be civic republicanism but by 1840s its synonymous wiht feminimity
colonial and rev era: puritan viture, repub virtue antebellum and Victoria: women become heralds of moral virtue |
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Seneca Falls Convention
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E Cady Stanton and L Mott
wesleyan chapel (meth) to discuss women's rights -declaration for voting rights (BUT backlashl--big orgs opposed to women suffrage) |
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Evangelical Social reform
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from Second GA
-arminianism -optimism about mans and societys perfectability |
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puritan women
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darker side: temptresses, descentdents of eve
women should be the hidden ones father=head of everything |
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quaker women
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society of friends
-no theological or ritual constraints -leaders in reform and womens rights (L mott, Susan B Anthony) -women's rights movement imbibed with quaker values |
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dutch women
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sought to maintain dutch identity in anglicizing culture in NY
-wanted to pass dutch culture to children, wnated to keep their habits -women had greater rights under dutch law than under english law -greater rights of buisiness operation |
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Which female model wins in 18th and 19th c america? (Dutch, Quaker, Puritan?)
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Puritan.
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Seneca Falls Convention 1848
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sets up social and political agenda
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Ephrata
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Johan Conrad Beissel/Brother Friedsam
anabaptist Communal experiment in conestoga 1732 Ephrata three orders: celibate men, women, married householders cloister-where monks lived devoted to virgin mary SAAL=prayer house Peter Miller doubts about celibacy 1814 becomes German 7th day bapt church, last celibate member dies in 1813 |
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Johan Conrad Beissel
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Brother Friedsam
anabaptist Communal experiment in conestoga |
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PeterMiller
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second leader of Ephrata, doubts about celibacy
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Shakers
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United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing
1747 mother ann lee=sex at root of all evil millenium is here (so no sex) celibacy, separation of sexes christian socialist Ann Lee=female reincarnation of christ distinctive dance pentacostal gifts industry=solid woodmaking no natural growth though financial prosperity |
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Brook Farm
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George and Sophia Ripley 1841
outgrowth of transcental club joint stok company shared work should leave time for intellectual pursuits....no Nathaniel Hawthorne visits, hates 1844 Fourier reorganization 1846 phalanstery burned down, efffectively the end |
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Hope Dale
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Worcester, Mass
Adin Ballou Universalist minister, pacifist "practical christian socialism" (pacifism, temperance, abolitionism, womens rights and gender equality, education) join stock company; 1856 lose financial packing, 1856/57 dies |
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Practical Christian Socialism
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program embraced at Hopedale
(pacifism, temperance, abolitionism, womens rights and gender equality, education) |
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Fruitlands
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Bronson Alcott, Charles Lane
Harvard 1843 transcendentalism, agrarian commune "second eden" ---first vegans demise because too few acres planted, really wanted to do intellectual stuff` |
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Oneida
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John Humphrey Noyes
expelled from yale complex marriage, male continence, tried stiripculture (genetic breeding) frist @ society of inquiry, then @ oneida adultery charges after stirpculture children "bred" 1879 complex marriage abandoned, noyes to canada Silverware company today |
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John Humphrey Noyes
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Converted, went to andover theological seminary and then yale theological college
-doubted marriage exclusivity--> "complex marriage" -second coming of christ had already happened, humanity now living in new age -xtian socialism -Society of Inquiry @ Putney in 1846, chased out to Oneida in 1848 -Oneida perfectionists -male continence -stirpculture--selective breeding -prosecuted for adultery, fees to canada to escape statutory rape charges |
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Utopian impulse
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after 2GA, seek redemtion in social forms
generally anticipated the second coming of Jesus |
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Joseph Smith, Jr
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from burnt over district
1820 god and jesus ask him to prepare for special task 1823 angel moroni tells him where the golden tablets will be |
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Smith "retired to the woods"
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central moment in mormanism, have to believe this
god and jesus tell smith to rise above other relig options and prepare for special ttask |
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Angel Moroni
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visits smith in 1823, tells him where the golden tablets are
sept 22, 1827, Moroni takes him to hill Cumora, tablets are buried and written in reformed egyptian takes golden tablets back to heaven once they've been translated |
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Hill Cumorah
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moroni tells smith to go here on 9/22/1827
buried golden tablets in reformed egyptian |
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Golden Tablets
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translation device: urim and tummin
smith called out translation to copyists on the other side of a curtain BOOK of Mormon tablets taken back to heaven by Moroni |
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Book of Mormon, 1830
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talks about pre-columbian wanderers of america
Jaredites Lamanites (evil ones) Nephites (good ones, fight between them) Mromon and son Moronoi make these writings into smaller version and bury them so they could be found by more virtuous people in latter day message to the disinherited: lifts them up and makes them equal in the eyes of god (dem relig) |
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Book of Mormon appealing at this time
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bc speaks to dem relig impulse
message to the disinherited--makes them equal in eyes of god, lifts them up |
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Church of Christ
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originally name for mormoms
founded after book of mormon 1830 fayette NY Smith seen as prophet, seer |
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Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
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what mormons were renamed to in 1834
Smith then moves to Kirtland, ohio in 1831 |
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Priesthood in Mormon Church (2 types and describe)
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every man of good staning is ordained to priesthood
aaronic: Boys @12 Melchizadek: boys @20 |
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Smiths Journey: list of geographic places
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grew up in NY
Church of Christ-Fayette, NY Kirtland Ohio Jackson County, Missouri (believe they were in center of Zion) Nauvoo, Illinois Great Salt Lake Basin |
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Center Stake of Zion: Adam ondi Ahman (when was it discovered, ad what was it)
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discovered in May 1838
survey party in missouri thought this was where garden of eden was jackson county missouri |
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Adam ondi Aham means
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Adam with God (Garden of Eden)
here adam will rise from the dead, joined by important figures of church, jesus returns here, then millenium |
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Nauvoo, Illinois
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incredibly successful city
smith=military and political leader, unltd power polygamy revealed smith joins masons temple endowment rituals "state within a state" |
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Masons
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Smith joins when at Nauvoo
Mormon Temple Rituals based on masonic rituals |
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1838 Mormon War
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While they were in Missouri, fought Gentiles. Governor of Missouri issues extermination order, mormons must be treated as enemies
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Death of Joseph Smith
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he announced presidential candidacy
destroyed press of opposition anti-mormon opposition he surrenders to authorities, mob kills him in jail |
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Great Salt Lake Basin
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led by brigham young
tough journy many with hand carts 1849 originally mex territory 1852 "Order of Jacob"--polygamous marriage 1870: 140,000 mormons in Utah honey bee hive symbol gentiles opposed mex war makes it US territory Supreme Court upholds antibigomy laws |
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Scond Morman War
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Mountain Meadows Massacre
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Wilford Woodruff
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gave up polygamy for mormons because he saw vision of statehood
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Three Levels of Heaven
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Celestial (highest)
terrestrial telestial you determine which level by how you live your life on earth; cant go to heaven until someone is baptized for you equal opportunity to heaven |
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baptism
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baptism by immersion: could be done anywhere but must be by mormons
baptism for the dead: only in a temple |
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Temple Work
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ordinances performed by proxy as part of Mormon "temple work"
(local bishop says youre a morman in good standing) temple work=form of piety "baptism by proxy" someone baptizes you several times for the people you are related to in oder to allow them to embrace the full gospel in antoher life and ascend to new level in heaven this is why -baptized, pay tithing (10% of income), good conduct |
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endowment ceremonies
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baptismal ceremonies
undergarments are a sign of endowment, must wear at all time |
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tithing
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give 10% of income to temple
necessary for temple recommend |
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Morman marriage
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valid throughout eternity if sealed in temple
divorce allowed (temple annulment) remarriage allowed |
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Plural Marriage
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revelation to selcted mormans in nauvoo
"Order of Jacob' practiced in secret at first most wives would otherwise be widows, destitute smith marries his associates daughter when his wife refuses women were threatened with damnation if they refused proposals denied plural marriage to public |
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Emma Smith
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Smiths first wife, suspicious, expells one of wives
-forced to relent, with promise of new endowment ritual again resists joseph smith predicts that emma will be destroyed if she doesnt abide by commandment |
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Plural Marriage in Utah
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"twin relics of barbarism"
1852 young publicly acknowledges plural marriages Gov't Challenge |
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Morill anti-bigomy act 1862
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1862 outlaws multiple wives, challenge to mormons by US
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Edmunds Act 1882
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unlawful cohabitation illegal
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Woodruff Manifesto
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edmunds-tucker act has financial punishments if polygamy continues
no longer sanctions polygamy for mormans 1896 Utah Statehood |
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Persistance of Plural Marriage
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some in region still practice
"Mormon fundamentalists" split off from church when morman church president say they are no longer part fundamentalists believe woodruff split off from true gospel if you practice polygamy, main salt lake city church will excommunicate |
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Mormon Church Organization
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hierarchy:
president first presidency (council of 2 council of 12 apostles the seventy (overseers of specifc districts) Stake presidents bishops priesthood (any morman man in good standing) ***** Missionaries: two year service, not mandatory but should; limited contact w family during missionary service |
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20th c mormonism
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rapid growth
1978: extension of priesthood to men of color (Spencer Kimball) Thomas Monson=current president |
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Community of Christ
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not recognized by mormons
founded by ella smith and joseph smiths son not polygamists own a lot of sacred Mormon sites but dont consider themselves morman |
