Reli1001- Islam Test (Terms, Dates, And Names)

Front 1

Islam (meaning)

Back 1

"engaged surrender"; also refers to the submission to the will of Allah

Front 2

Allah

Back 2

Arabic word for "The God" (just one; "Al"--The, "lah"--god)

Front 3

Mecca/Mekka

Back 3

The Holy City; where Muhammad was born. Pilgrimage target location is here, home to the Kaaba

Front 4

Madina/Medina

Back 4

Hijra migration to Medina. Muhammad renamed it, "The City of the Prophet of Allah" (Medina al-Nabi). Later changed to just "Medina" or "the City". The first Mosque of Islam is located here.

Front 5

Yathrib

Back 5

Original name of Medina (before Muhammad changed it)

Front 6

Jahiliyya

Back 6

"the state of ignorance" (the state of anyone that isn't following Islam or the Qur'an)

Front 7

Quraysh

Back 7

the dominant tribe of Mecca (literally means "little shark" in Arabic) when Islam came around. Muhammad belonged to this tribe, even though it initially rejected him.

Front 8

610 C.E.

Back 8

Revelation of the Qur'an to Muhammad began (lasted for 12 years)

Front 9

622 C.E.

Back 9

Hijra- the migration of Muhammad and his followers to the city of Medina

Front 10

630 C.E.

Back 10

Opening of Mecca to Muslims. Muhammad and his followers overtake Mecca; Kaaba becomes the main shrine of Islam (he does this by clearing away all of the idols)

Front 11

632 C.E.

Back 11

Muhammad dies. (June 8)

Front 12

Seal of Prophecy

Back 12

The Qur'an (33:40) says Muhammad is the seal of the prophets. (pigeon egg or apple in between his shoulders) Basically stated he was the last prophet.

Front 13

5 Pillars

Back 13

Foundations of the Islamic Faith
1. The shahada (testimony of faith), "there is no god but God"
2. The 5 Daily Prayers (Salat)
3. Zakat (purity)- sharing of wealth and almsgiving to the needy
4. Fast of Ramadan (self-purification through fasting)
5. Hajj- Pilgrimage to Mecca; only for those who are able, done once in a lifetime, purpose is to heighten devotion

Front 14

Shahda (Shahada)

Back 14

the Islamic creed, the muslim declaration of belief. Reads "La ilaha illalah", "There is no god but God."

Front 15

Salat

Back 15

prayer; the formal prayer of Islam (one of the 5 pillars), to be performed 5 times a day

Front 16

Ramadan

Back 16

fasting during the 9th month of the Islamic calendar; refrain from eating, drinking, smoking. From dawn til sunset. The month in which the first verses of the Qur'an were revealed to the prophet Muhammad

Front 17

Laylat al-Qadr

Back 17

"The Night of Power" or "The Night of Decree" or "The Night of Measures". Anniversary of the night Muslims believe the first verses of the Qur'an were revealed to Muhammad. "Qadr" means power/ability.

Front 18

al-Qur'an

Back 18

"the recitation", central religious text of Islam. 114 chapters. Chapters are called "Surahs".

Front 19

Zakat

Back 19

almsgiving to the poor (one of the 5 pillars); 2.5% of capital per year. Zakat means "Purity".

Front 20

Hajj

Back 20

the pilgrimage to Mecca (the 5th pillar of Islam). Once in a lifetime, purpose is to heighten devotion to God.

Front 21

Sufi

Back 21

literally=suf="wool", follow Qur'an and Sunnah(part of Islamic law). "Sufism is the proof of Islam". Anything mystical.

Front 22

Sunni

Back 22

83% of Muslims in the world

Front 23

Shi'ah

Back 23

17% of Muslims, Iran and 1/2 of Iraq, differences are historical; cultural, and political. "Partisans"

Front 24

Mar'rifah

Back 24

"mental knowledge" obtained through an organ of discernment called the eye of the heart (really intense knowledge)

Front 25

Dhikr

Back 25

"to remember", the practice of remembering Allah through repeating his name, forgetting yourself in the process

Front 26

Zawiyah

Back 26

literally means "angle or corner". Centers of spiritual retreat and learning. Usually the center of a settlement of a sufi brotherhood

Front 27

Jihad al-nafs

Back 27

jihad for the one who strives against his own self for the sake of Allah ("struggle against ego")

Front 28

Mosque

Back 28

gathering place of Muslims to pray; a place of worship for followers of islam

Front 29

Sura (Surah)

Back 29

chapters in the Qur'an, arranged in order of decreasing length

Front 30

Ayat

Back 30

Verses of the Qur'an. arabic word for sign or miracle

Front 31

Nation of Islam

Back 31

1930- founded by Elijah Muhammad, black nationalist movement. Malcolm X converts to Sunni Islam

Front 32

Warith Muhammad

Back 32

American muslim leader and son of Elijah Muhammad. Became leader of N.O.I. in 1975 and then changed its name to the American Society of Muslims

Front 33

Malcolm X

Back 33

was an African American Muslim minister, became a member of the N.O.I. and later a leader and chief spokesman. Tension between him and Elijah Muhammad led to his departure from N.O.I. in March 1964. Was shot and died in 1965.

Front 34

People of the Book

Back 34

Jews and Christians

Front 35

Hadith Nabawi

Back 35

Words and meaning from Muhammad

Front 36

Ka'abah (Kaaba)

Back 36

cuboidal building in Mecca, the most sacred site in Islam. Major pilgrimage site

Front 37

Hadith Qudsi

Back 37

meaning from God, words from Muhammad (received through divine inspiration)

Front 38

Badr

Back 38

624 CE Battle of Badr; key battle in Islamic history, marked a turning point in Muhammad's struggle with his opponents among the Quraysh in Mecca. First large-scale engagement between the Muslims and the Meccans

Front 39

Sayyid Qutb

Back 39

wrote "Milestones"; an Egyptian Muslim author; intensely disapproved of the U.S. society, and viewed us as materialistic and violent. Executed in 1966 because of his plan to assassinate the president of his state