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150 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Agabus and Mnason
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Early Christian witnesses (per Acts 21) that Luke could have used as a source
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Paul
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Luke's missionary companion and a likely source; Luke's account of the last supper parallels 1 Corinthians 11 closely
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Three-Stage Theory
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Luke=Matthew + L, where L=Paul, James, John (?), possibly Phillip the Evangelist, Agabus, Mnason, and other family members
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Q (Quelle)
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From two-source theory, a lost body of sayings Jesus called "Q" used by both Matthew and Luke in addition to Mark
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Synoptic Gospels
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refers to similarities between Mark, Matthew, and Luke, and creates the synoptic problem which explores their unique and common attributes
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Sayings (logia)
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Comprises a large part of material unique to Matthew and Luke, may have been borrowed from Q
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Gospel of Matthew
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Christology: fulfiller of prophecy (14 formula quotations), fulfillment of God's purposes (Christ is a new Moses), fulfillment of Christ's Church. Structure: geographical outline of Mark, body divided into five parts like the Torah, each with a narrative followed by discourse. Uses infancy and resurrection to frame body of Christ's ministry. SCRIBE BACKGROUND AT WORK
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Two-Source Theory
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Matthew and Luke both use Mark and Q for their sources
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Proclamation of John the Baptist
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In Matthew; 6th formula quotation (3:3-Isaiah 40:3), Elijah imagery. Matthew also adds a scathing attack on Pharisees and Sadducees
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Baptism of Jesus
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Luke emphasizes Jesus' own knowledge and omits discussion of worthiness and fulfilling righteousness, but adds in emphasis on the Spirit; Matt. emphasizes witnesses and softens Marks apocalyptic imagery while Luke has heavens opening as a result of prayer rather than baptism
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Temptations of Jesus
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Luke changes order from Matt's ABC to ACB to move Satan's question of Christ's divinity to the last for emphasis. MATTHEW: God was present, so temptation is only PART of the experience. Wilderness imagery: Moses and Elijah--40 days=40 years. Tests for Matthew all have reference to Deut. scriptures.
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Simon Peter, Andrew, James, and John
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First disciples called by Christ
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Sermon on the Mount
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Matthew's first discourse, spans 5:1-7:29, next major Matthean addition after infancy narrative, Luke has same teachings taught here in different places in his gospel
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Structure of the Sermon on the Mount
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Ethical & Eschatological, Matthew has an opening and closing formula with teachings in between
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Beatitudes
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9 total: poor in spirit, mourn, meek, hunger & thirst for righteousness, merciful, pure in heart, peacemakers, persecuted for righteousness, persecuted for Christ
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Marks of the Disciple
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Light of the World parable here has more familiar application (as opposed to Mark): Christ is the light we hold up
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Iota/Yod
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smallest greek and hebrew letters, respectively
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strok
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Hebrew seraph
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fulfilling the law
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fulfill: to fill completely, to make deeper, to complete, to fill requirements of. In Matthew, fulfilling the intent, to fulfill with a higher standard, types and shadows of Christ would soon be fulfilled
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6 Antitheses
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Dialectic: thesis (Mosaic law) and anithesis (Christ's law) synthesis is usually logical conclusion between the 2, none here because Christ's antitheses are perfect!
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Murder and Anger Antithesis
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Extends 6th commandment to feelings and motivations behind anger killing--can't be mad OR kill! (JST and 3 Nephi also eliminate "escape clause" found here "without a cause")
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Antithesis on Adultery and Lust
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Extends 7th commandment to feelings behind sex sins
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Antithesis on Marriage
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Only in cases of adultery can someone divorce their spouse
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Antithesis on Resisting Evil
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eye for an eye replaced with forgiveness and love
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Antithesis on Enemies
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love enemies
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teleios
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complete, whole, mature, full-grown
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Be Ye Perfect
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meant in a teleological sense; even Christ was not perfect until after the resurrection--physical perfection comes with resurrection, we must obtain moral and spiritual stature
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True Piety
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Ethics: do right things at right times for right reasons: examples include Lord's Prayer, almsgiving, prayer and forgiveness
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Almsgiving
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must be done in secret, example of true piety
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Prayer and forgiveness
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Pray in secret; example of true piety
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The Lord's Prayer
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Address: Father image in antiquity and today, 3 God Petitions (Jewish tradition of blessing God, not just asking him to bless us), 4 human petitions (for 7 TOTAL; Huntsman didn't mention this though), closing doxology (expression of praise) this part is lacking in many early manuscripts
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Orientation towards God
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Should depend on God, not earthly treasures, from Matthew 6:19-34
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Wealth and True Treasure
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difference between wealth on Earth and true treasures (Matthew 6)
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Judging
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JST adds that we should judge not "unrighteously"
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Proper Conduct in Sermon on the Mount
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includes info on judging, treatment of sacred things, and praying with faith
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False teachers and disciples
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every tree that bringeth not forth good fruit is hewn down, know them by their fruits
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Mission Sermon
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Calling of the 12, Mission of the 12, Warning of Coming Persecutions, Costs of Discipleship, Rewards of Discipleship. Symbolizes a new Israel
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Sermon in Parables
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from Matthew 13:1-52, includes sower, purpose of parables, wheat and tares, mustard seed (here it's a faith applications), leaven, treasure, pearl of great price, net compared to kingdom of heaven, scribe prepared for kingdom
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Sermon on the Church
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Matthew's second theme: God's purposes will be fulfilled in the Church, disciplining offenders, seeking the lost SHEEP ONLY, disciplining those who wrong--keys given only to Peter earlier now given to all disciples, necessity of forgiveness, parable of unforgiving servant
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Eschatological Sermon
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"The Olivet Discourse" in Matthew, extended version of Mattew's "Little Apocalypse"--2 parts: warnings of destruction and necessity for watchfulness
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Parousia
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"Final Glorious Coming", greek meaning "visitation" used to describe state visit of an emperor--Christ will return as King of Kings and Lord of Lords
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Feeding 5,000
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Matthew: women and children also mentioned
Luke: lacks pharisaic tradition debate and walking on water miracle that usually follows |
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Healing of the bent woman
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LUKE: demonstrates liberating and worshipping purpose of Sabbath; woman was healed ON the Sabbath
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Healing the two blind men
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MATT: Road to Jerusalem, following 3rd passion prediction
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Healing the Canaanite woman's daughter
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MATT: part of the Rejection of Israel narrative, miracle stories 5 (dogs)
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Feeding 4,000
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MATT: Rejection of Israel narrative, miracle stories 5, also makes reference to women and children
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Healing the Centurion's Servant
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MATT: during Galilean Ministry Narrative, 1st miracle block w/ miracles grouped into 10 as a reference to Moses, "not found so great faith, no, not in Israel", historical innaccuracy of troops in Galilee explained by literary placement
LUKE: one of several miracle stories demonstrating Christ's compassion in Luke 7:1-50 |
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2 blind men in healing block
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MATT: Galilean Ministry Narrative, in 3rd miracle block, Bartimaeus included here so total number of miracles=10
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healing of the dumb man
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MATT: Galilean ministry narrative, block 3, tenth miracle performed
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Gadarene Demonics
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MATT: Galilean ministry narrative, block 2, 5th miracle performed. JST corrects from 2 to 1; Matthean account it actually LESS detailed than Mark's
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healing the leper
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MATT: Galilean ministry, block 1: 1st performed, "offer the gift THAT MOSES COMMANDED"
LUKE: beginning of controversy with Pharisees. stories appear later in Luke than in Matthew to serve as discourse section of his 5-part gospel; in Luke the material is left "in order" |
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healing of man with dropsy
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material unique to Luke; Luke seems interested in condition. Another Sabbath controversy
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healing of paralytic
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MATT: miracles, block 2 (Galilean ministry narrative). Considerably abbreviated, appears later here than in Mark, but serves as a segue into a controversy
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healing of Simon's mother in law
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MATT: first block of miracles, miracle 3, precedes Matt's 8th formula quotation
LUKE: Highlights Luke's att. to women; healed to serve? first miracle performed in Luke |
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10 lepers
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LUKE: a Samaritan was grateful, but nobody else, precedes discourse on the coming of the kingdom; on the Journey to Jersualem 2
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Woman with an issue of blood
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LUKE: layered with Jairus' daughter, 12 years vs. 12 years old, woman had spent all her money on physicians
MATT: miracles, block 3; borrows Mark's intercalation, healing story is abbreviated |
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Healing of the Young Demonic
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MATT: part 4 Rejection by Israel narrative, used to punctuate the 3 instances of rejection that precede it
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Forgives Woman who was a sinner
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LUKE: often confused with woman anointing Christ for burial
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Restores girl to life
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LUKE and MARK: daughter of Jairus
LUKE: daughter of Jairus and son of widow of Nain both ONLY children MATTHEW: already dead |
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son of the widow of Nain
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LUKE: death of only son economically catastrophic for a widow; widow is a silent, voiceless object of pity, parallel to Elijah and the widow of Zarephath, whom Christ referenced in Nazareth as well
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Stilling the storm
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MATT: Galilean Ministry Narrative, miracle block 2
LUKE: occurs right before the healing of the Gerasene demonic |
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Cursing the fig tree
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MATT: part 5: journey to and ministry in Jerusalem; Matt places the cleansing of the temple on Sunday and the cursing on Monday, while Mark has the cleansing Monday to frame the fig-tree incident
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Sermon on the Plain
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delivered to a large, public audience of jews and gent.s, either right after the S. on the Mt or at a different time and place; shorter than S on Mt., missing all ethical material on almsgiving, fasting, etc (but that info given in other places), more explicitly connected to call of the twelve
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Beatitudes and Woes
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LUKE: sermon on the plain, 6:20-6:26, woes aimed at rich
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Love and Mercy
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sort of like the antitheses in the Sermon on the Mount in Matthew, these admonitions from Luke's Sermon on the Plain focus on the emotion behind our actions; "Be ye therefore merciful" compares to Matthew's "be ye therefore perfect"
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inward character of true disciples
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Luke gives this during Sermon on the Plain with parables like blind leading blind, mote in your eye, etc.
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Persecution of the Disciples
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LUKE: eschatological sermon: "by your endurance you will gain your souls"-NSRV
MATT: Mission Sermon: persecutions yield blessings;costs of discipleship |
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"My yoke is easy"
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MATT: Part 3 (Opposition to Jesus Narrative) Christ's emphasis here on replacing the burden of the law with the gospel; double or single yoke? Christ lifts our burdens but we also have the burden of taking him upon ourselves
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Leaven of the Pharisees
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MATT: focus on religious and scriptural authority (Pharisees add without authority, Sadducees stay as they are)
MARK: used Leaven in connection with Pharisees and Herod to emphasize religious and political opposition |
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Lost Sheep
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LUKE: sheep wanders off on his own; juxtaposed with coin which the woman loses, and the lost son, which loses self and FINDS SELF
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"Mary hath chosen the good part"
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LUKE: right after Good Samaritan and 2 commandments; suggests that service to God is greater than service to man
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Parable of the Wedding Guests
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MATT: part 5; rejection of old israel
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Parable of the Dishonest Steward
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LUKE: steward makes friends with mammon, which welcomes him into everlasting habitations when he fails to be good enough for the master; we cannot serve two masters
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Mammon
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Aramaic word for money, wealth, property
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Parable of the Great Supper
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LUKE: Israel makes excuses and so the Lord will bring in the people who were not originally invited
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Parable of the Sheep and the Goats
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MATT: necessity for watchfulness; part 5
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Parable of the Labourers in the Vineyard
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MATT: "Are you envious because I am generous?" -NSRV
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Parable of the Leaven
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LUKE: shows his attention to women; one of Luke's parables of growth (mustard seed also)
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Parable of the Old Clothes
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MATT: part of first Matthean Controversy narrative; contrast of new with old "for when that which is new come, the old is ready to be put away"
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Parable of the Pharisee and the Publican
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LUKE: the starting bookend in the scope of Salvation; an example of inclusio; publican more righteous in eyes of God
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Parable of the Pounds
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Corrects misunderstanding about the present mission and final coming of kingdom of God (parable given because they thought it was coming now), allusion to Herod Archelaus; destruction of those who do not accept him
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Parable of the return of the unclean spirit
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MATT: Part 3, controversy narratives 2--lead into parables--Christ healed but the people did not heed him
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Parable of the Rich fool
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LUKE: teaches dependence on the Lord and seeking the kingdom first (man dies but all his treasure is on Earth)
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Parable of the Scribe Prepared for the Kingdom
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Autobiographical reference to Matt, part of the Sermon in Parables
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Treasure, Pearl of Great Price, and Net
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All are compared to KofG in Matt's Sermon in Parables
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Parable of the Ten Bridesmaids
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MATT: Necessity for Watchfulness (part 5): Elder Oaks has stressed that these represent people who are members of the Church
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Parable of the two sons
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MATT: Part 5, Old Israel rejected, first son says he'll work but doesn't and the 2nd says he won't but then does
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Parable of the Unforgiving Servant
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MATT: Sermon on the Church; owed 15 years' wages but couldn't forgive 100 days wages
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Parable of the Faithful Slave
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MATT: part 5, strong eschatological language of Christ as a Judge
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Parable of the Watchful Servants
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LUKE: thief comes in the night, in JST we have a more thorough explanation that makes a lot more sense
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Parable of the Widow and the Unjust Judge
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LUKE: unlike compared with like, Father with unjust judge
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precedence in the kingdom
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MATT: this comes right after the mother of James and John brings them to the Lord and the disciples are indignant (he who would be first, let him be the servant)
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Andrew
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one of the 12/Peter's brother
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Joanna
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Wife of Herod's steward Chuza; present at the sepulchre with Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of James
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Susanna
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One of the women who provided sustenance for Christ and the disciples
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apostolos
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GREEK word meaning "one who is sent as an authorized agent", probably closest word to sheliach, which means legal agent. Term used very rarely in gospels
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Like with unlike
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LUKE draws sharp contrast between Christ and the world; see parable of the pounds, unjust judge, "if a son shall ask bread of any of you",
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Zaccheus the Publican
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Jewish name meaning innocent, voluntarily gives his goods to the poor, climbs a tree!
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like with like
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LUKE: using similar stories to relate to the Lord; friend at midnight
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Tiberius
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Roman emperor AD 14-37; seemingly careful dating gives Luke the appearance of historical accuracy
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"the beloved physician"
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reference in Colossians 4 to Luke; medical background is consistent with author's interest in physiology, empirical proof, etc.
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cutting off
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from Matt's sermon on the church; hyperbole of casting off body parts, body=Church. Sundering fellowship/excommunication
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doxology
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an expression of praise, found in Matt's account of the Lord's prayer
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pericope
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a portion of sacred writing read in a divine service; a selection or extract from an already written book
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strait
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anciently, referred to a narrow passage or tight space
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tittle
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teensy quantity; a mark on a page like a stroke or a seriph
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petros
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an isolated stone
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petra
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a living rock (bedrock)
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publican
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tax collector
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God petitions
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given during the Matthean account of the Lord's Prayer: Jewish tradition of blessing God, not just asking him to bless us
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Human petitions
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Given in the Lord's prayer: bread, forgiveness, intervention against temptation, deliverance from evil
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Passion
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sufferings of Christ after the Last Supper as recorded in the Gospels
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Mission of the Seventy
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Commission of the Missionaries in Luke; 70 nations, 70 elders of Israel (from Numbers). Sometimes referred to as 70 apostles in a general, authorized missionary sense, not as a priesthood office
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Pericope--REAL
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A set of verses that gives an entire story (could start at any point in any chapter and end in any point in any chapter)
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Triumphal Approach to Jerusalem
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Christ gets the colt and rides it BEFORE entering Jerusalem, much abbreviated from other synoptics
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Triumphal Entry
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MATT: 12th formula quotation, Isaiah 62:11 and Zechariah 9:9: matt misses the poetic parallelism and has two animals!
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Cleansing of the temple
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MATT: addition of children praising Christ
BOTH: symbolic of destruction of the temple as much as sanctity of Lord's house |
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Three-Stage Problem
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Widow's Offering (Widow's mite) in the temple teachings in Mark and Luke but not Matt
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Denunciation of the Leaders of Old Israel
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MATT: seven prophetic woes; Jesus as Jeremiah--focuses on hypocrisy of the pharisees and scribes
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Lament over Jerusalem
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MATT: Compare with Jeremiah's Book of Lamentations
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Matthean structure
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Infancy Narrative
Part 1: Proclamation of the Kingdom Discourse: Sermon on the Mount Part 2: Galilean Ministry Discourse: Mission Sermon Part 3: Opposition to Jesus Discourse: Sermon in Parables Part 4: Rejection by Israel Discourse: Sermon on the Church Part 5: Journey to and Ministry in Jerusalem Discourse: Eschatological Sermon Climax: Passion, Death, and Resurrection *Alternating Narratives and Discourses highlight teachings of Jesus |
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Antioch
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Capital of a Syrian province; where Matthew was from
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Capernaum
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Where Simon Peter, Andrew, James, and John were called
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Lucan Structure
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Prologue
Infancy & Boyhood Narrative Preparation for Ministry Galilean Ministry Journey to Jerusalem Journey to Jerusalem Continues (Perean ministry) Jerusalem Ministry Passion Narrative Resurrection Narrative (and apostolic commission) **smooth geographical progression attempts to lay out history "in order" |
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Structural essay
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MATT: follows structure of Mark but adds discourses, focus on the doctrine
LUKE: focus on smooth geographical progression and putting history "in order" |
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How does Matt. show Christ as new Moses
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long discourses reveal Christ as teacher and lawgiver; 10 miracle block in part 3
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How does the Sermon on the Mount fulfill the law?
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Makes it complete/deeper
Fulfills requirements/brings to an end/finishes, fulfills intent, fulfills higher standard |
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How do we meet the demands of Sermon on the Mount
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Be ye perfect: mature, progressing towards being like God, (even Christ at that time wasn't perfect), main thrust of law of Moses was to love God and love others; to meet the demands here we need to fulfill law at a deeper level by loving more (see 6 antitheses)
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Miracles in Matthew: reminiscent of Moses
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Patterned into three groups for 10 total; references to Moses during cleansing the leper; 2 blind men condensed into one miracle to adhere to 10 miracle structure
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How does JST amplify understanding of Matthew?
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Clarifies passages that have become muddled; JST on the parable of old/new clothes makes it clear the parable is about replacing the old law with the new law
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Matthean parables in Sermon of the Parables vs. Marcan parables
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mustard seed here is a faith application, as opposed to talking about the kingdom of God. Both cover parable of the sower, with Matthew's account more detailed. Unique to MATT are parable of leaven, wheat and tares, and scribe prepared for the kingdom. Sources include Matthew's discipleship and Quelle
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Summarize mission sermon and significance of persecution
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Calling of the 12
significance of persecution and rewards: 12 will be hated for his name's sake, but those who endure will be saved, and those who receive message receive God |
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Why were the Pharisees a wicked and adulterous generation? Why beware of their leaven?
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Matt 16 hypocrites, they ask to receive a sign, as do the wicked, they receive the sign of Jonas.
LUKE 12: we learn that "leaven" is hypocrisy |
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Analyze "Thou art Peter and upon this Rock..."
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MATT: he was there, it's in the narrative to show where the Church's authority comes from, linguistic issues are that Christ was speaking Aramaic, which has only one word for rock, translated from Greek, which has a masculine and feminine, so Peter has to be masculine, the church feminine. Should understand that "rock" is the revelation given through Peter (or head of church)
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Relate question on temple tax
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Question of whether Christ and disciples should pay a tax to the temple; hadn't because they are kingdom of God, king taxes servants not children--Peter then goes and finds 4 drachma in a fish to pay the tax
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Attribution of 3rd gospel to Luke
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Acts claims to be continuation of third gospel, patristic evidence names Luke companion of Paul as author, consistent with "we" sections in Acts, called the "beloved physician" in Colossians; this background affects his approach
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Repentence, Forgiveness, and Discipline in Sermon on the Church
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theme: God's purpose will be fulfilled in the Church, we must have unlimited forgiveness (number of completion used), cut off body parts, repentance (parable of lost sheep given), we can always return
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Unique contributions of Luke
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Special focuses on women (lost coin, bent woman, widow of nain, unjust judge, mixing dough), most of the Perean ministry, dishonest steward
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Elements of Luke's style and format
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Very interested in miracles, lots of focus on empirical proof and geographical consistency
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Scope of Salvation
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The Gospel Net is very broad; publicans get into heaven--innocents (young children; Zaccheus' name means innocent). starts and ends with publicans to serve as an inclusio--mercy obtained by seeking Christ with humility
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Meaning of the Parable of the Dishonest Steward
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Those who make friends with mammon will be welcomed into that kingdom; no man can serve two masters; some interpret as "let's be in the world but not of the world" but the clear juxtaposition with the kingdom of heaven makes that unlikely
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Significance of Eschatological Sermon
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Teaches us to be watchful; JST provides info on parable of watchful servant that is missing in MATT. If we're watchful, we'll be ready when he comes
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Discuss Parable of Good Samaritan
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LUKE: Christ just came from the Samaritan village where he was rejected, the levite and the priest who passed by would have been concerned about being made unclean, historically Jews and Samaritans didn't get along because they were the remnant of the northern kingdom that intermarried with gentiles
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Conflict between Mary and Martha
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preceded immediately by the 2 highest commandments and good samaritan parable; our highest duty is to God
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discuss Bent woman
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significance was to show purpose of Sabbath is for liberation and worship
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differences between lost objects in Luke
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Sheep wandered off, coin was lost by owner, son lost himself. First two are found, the third finds himself
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Luke and women
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Emphasize a lack of racial or sexual bias, concerned with poor, oppressed, and marginalized, highlights compassion of Jesus
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Why use parables?
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Parables teach those who are prepared, lucan parables show no racial or sexual bias, also should not be taken too literally, generally common life experiences appeal to am-Ha'aretz
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Differences between Sermon on the Mount and Sermon on the Plain
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1st is longer, (111 vs. 32), given either at diff. times or was given just to apostles
2nd: blessed are poor, woe unto rich, also connected more with call of the 12, Christian compassion and action |
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Arguments for/against same time delivery of Sermons on Mount and Plain
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For: similar material, similar timeframes
Against: material lacking in Sermon on the Plain is found in other parts of Luke; call to the 12 focus in Luke inconsistent with idea of sermon to the masses |