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110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define Muslim
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One who submits/one who commits himself to Islam
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Islam means _____
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Submission/Surrender
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A conservative estimate gives Islam ______ billion followers
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1.2
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The revelations of Islam
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Quran (Traditionally spelled Koran)
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Hadith
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A book of tradition written by the first generation of Muslims, and handed down orally and in writting
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Two ways to get information on Muhammad's life and teachings
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Hadith and Muslim biographies of the Phrophet, appearing during the first centuries of Muslim history
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In the time of Muhammad, ______ actually populated much of the Western parts of Arabia
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Jews - They had fled from enemies (Assyrian, Babylonian, Greeks, Romans)
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Arabs and Jews worked together to...
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Cultivate the oases in western Arabia
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Jazirat al-'Arab
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The Island of the Arabs - The Arabian Peninsula was called this
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Bedouins
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nomadic Arabs inhabiting desert areas of the Middle East and northern Africa
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Al-Rub 'al-Khali
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The Vacant Quarter. A portion of the peninsula made up of sand dunes, 1/3 of a million square miles. Even Bedouins did not go here
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Describe South Arabia
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+Rounded headed, hook-nosed
+Farmers. +Spoke with Semitic dialiect and with Ethiopic words. +Good land, so many wars/attackers. Recurrent depressions, etc |
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Describe North Arabia
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+Long-headed
+Spoke Arabic +Predatory and cooperative habits (1000s years in desert will give you that) +Never occupied or conquered (Nothing of value) |
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Three sections of Arabia
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N/S Arabia, Al-Rub al-Khali, Al-Hijaz
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Al-Hijaz
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Mountain range running parallel with the Red Sea.
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Ta'if, Mecca, and Yathrib (AKA Medina) were trading posts for
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Traders to make there way to Petra, whic hten went west and north to Egyps and Syria with spices
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Jews and Christians had footholds in
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The commerical centers of Arabia
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Before Islam, many people worshiped ______________
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Local gods or tribal gods
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Allah, before Islam, was
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Vaguely conceived as the creator, a far-off high god
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The tribe that worshiped Allah, preislam was
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Quraysh
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Besides worshiped divinities, _____ were also give homage
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Lesser spirits
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Jinn
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Where "genie" comes from. Spirits, capable of assuming human and animal form to help human efforts
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Throughout Asia, ____ existed, as demonstarted by offerings of weapons and cloth hung on trees, and totemism
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Animalism
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Kaba
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"the cube". Grey stone in Mecca, covered with a black cloth. Center of Islamic world. Point o pryer and pilgramage
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Hajj, pre-islam, was intended
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To worship the Kaba, which was believed to have fallen from the sky "In the days of Adam"
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Who is believed to have built the Kaba
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Abraham, while on a visit to his son, Ishmael
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Zamzam
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holy well. Traditionally, it is said that Muhammad's grandfather found the well after it was hidden by the Bani-Jurhum tribe.
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Inhabited Mecca before Muhammad's tribe did
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Bani-Jurhum
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Muhammad's tribe was the ____
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Quraysh
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Less Pilgrimage
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The tradition of immitating Hagar, and running from Zamzam to the Kaba hill
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The Greater Pilgrimage
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Includes the lesser pilgrimage, as well as an extensive tour of hills east of Mecca, and visits to celebrated places in Arabian history
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Hubal
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PreIslam, the Chief maile diety
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PreIslam, the Kaba was a place for
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The worship of dieties like al-Lat, al-Manat, and al-'Uzza as well as preislam's Allah
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Mecca relied completely on commerce, because ____
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Barren lands prevented growing of crops.
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Mecca was _____, so many caravans traveled there
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The only central town to Yemen and Syria
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Arabia lost much wealth when the nations of ___ and ____ got into the spice trade
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India and Somaliland
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PreIslam, two tribes that fought for control of Mecca
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Quraysh and Khuza
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Muhammad's clan of the Quraysh tribe
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Hashimite
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Muhammad's birth
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571 CE
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With his parents dead, Muhammad was raised in poverty by his ___
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Grandfather, and then his uncle
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Abu Talib
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Muhammad's uncle
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It is believed that Muhammed got information on Christianity and Judaism from ____
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Traveling caravans
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Muslims believe that Muhammad did not write the Quran, instead ___ _did
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An angel, sent to him
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Khadiji
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Muhammad's wife
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Muhammad had ___ - ____ sons, and ___ daughters
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2-3 sons (Both died in childbirth)
Four daughters |
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At 40 years, Muhammad visited a cave at the base of ____
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Mt. Hira
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The "Night of Power and Excellence"
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Vision of the angel Gabriel visited M, at the cave.
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Gabriel
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Messenger of Allah
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nabi
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True prophet
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rasul
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apostle
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Muhammad was rejected, not because of his beliefs, but because
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We saw himself as a prophet, which was seen as a claim to leadership
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Successor of Muhammad is called
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Caliph
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Although his gathers numbered in the 40s, the Quraysh tribe often
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Attempted to break up meetings
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In 620 CE, Muhammad moved to
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Yathrib
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The jouney to Yathrib is known as
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The Hajra
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Yathrib was changed to ___ in Muhammad's honor
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Medina
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The first Mosque was
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At Muhammed's home
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What year did Mecca assult Medina, after Muhammad provoked them?
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627 CE - The Battle of the Ditch
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When did Muhammed march on Mecca
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630 CE
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Muhammed died in
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632 CE
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Iman
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Articles of faith
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Ihsan
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right conduct
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'ibadat
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religious duty
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Statement of faith
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There is no god but God and Muhammad is
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Suras
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Chapters within the Koran
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Sunni Muslims believe/do not believe in predestination
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Sunni Muslims believe that the Koran speaks to predestination
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Abraham, Moses, and Jesus were all ____, according to Islam
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Prophets
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Quran
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The undistored and final word to people from God
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Uthmanic text
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The texts created by committee appointed by Caliph Uthman. Four were made.
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The Quran continues to provide guidence, even to
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The legal system
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Five Pillars of Islam
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The Creed, Prayer, Almsgiving, Fasting during Ramadan, Pilgrimage
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The Creed
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Shahada
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Prayer
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Salat
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Almsgiving
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Zakat
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Pilgrimage
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Hajj
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What creed to Muslims repeat?
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This is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the prophet of Allah
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What times do Muslims pray?
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Dawn, midday, midafternoon, sunset, after dark, at bedtime
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____ is a special day for prayer
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Friday
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_____% of their ______ is given in Zakat
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2.5% of their accumulated wealth of a man or his family at the end of the year
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After what point can one no longer eat during Ramadan?
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When you can distinguish a light thread from a dark thread at sunup
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Dhu-al-Hijja
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The month that Muslims are to perform the Hajj.
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circumambulation of the Kaba
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Start at the Blakc stone and run three times fast and four times slowly around the building,. Stop each time to kiss the stone.
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Caliph
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Successor to Muhammad
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Three major political parties of early Muslim history
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The Companions, the legitimists, and the Ummayyads
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The companions wanted
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The Caliph to come from one of them
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The Legitimists wanted
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THe caliph to come from hereditary
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The Ummayyads (Leaders of Muhammad's tribe) wanted
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To decide, because they were Muhammad's tribe's leaders
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Abu Bakr
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Chosen by the Companions to be Caliph. Died one year later. Known for forcing tribes to rejoin coallition, and getting more to join
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Umar's caliph dates
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The second caliph. 634-644 CE
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Uthman's caliph dates
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The third caliph. 644-656 CE
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Ali and Mu'awiya were battling for the caliph when
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Ali was killed
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In 661, Mu'awiya too the Caliphate, and ruled from
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Damascus
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Mu'awiya was chased from power to
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Spain
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Kharijites
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"separatists" / "Secessionists" who believed that Islam needed to be purged of political games behind the scenes
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Murjites
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Disagreed with the Kharijites and said the only God can judge who is a true Muslim
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Ijtihad
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The exercise of reason in the forming of a judgment
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Sunnis
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People who did, and still do, resort to the Hadith, opininons of those in Mecca at the time of Muhammad, etc. to solve behavior
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Shari'a
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"The Way" - The law of Islam
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Ulama
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"The learned" - Trained Islamic teachers, theologians, and jurists
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Four schools of the law
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Hanifite, Malikite, Shafi'ite, Hanbalite
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Hanifite
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Followed in Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, and by Muslims in India and central Asia
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Malikite
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Interpreted laws and rites in the light of the quran and the Hadith. When there was a difficulty, they leaned towards public opinion in Mecca. Followed in N Africa, Egypt, and eastern Arabia
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Shafi'ite
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Four sources of the law: words of God (Quran), deeds of Prophet, consensus of Muslim community, and analogy
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Qiyas
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Analogy
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Hanbalite
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Most conservative. Follows the strict Qurran
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Mutazilites
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Engaged in Kalam
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Kalam
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The use of logic in religious arguments
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Sufis
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"wool wearers" -
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