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6 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Define altruism and pro-social behavior
Pro-social behavior is a behavior that intentionally benefits others or has positive social consequences

Altruism is a type of pro-social behavior. Both are behaviors that benefits another person but altruism is helping another person for no reward, and even at some cost to oneself (This is actually the distinction between them if the command term is ”distinguish between them”)
Kin selection theory (biological origin/explanation of helping behavior)
This is an evolutionary explanation of altruism.
They theory states that we help those we are closely related to increase the chances of survival of our own genes (because we share genes with them).
The negative-state relief model (psychological origin/explanation of helping behavior)
This is a cognitive/psychological explanation of altruism because it is about a persons psychological state and emotions like guilt are dealt with in the cognitive level of analysis.

It states that people help in order to overcome the negative mood that arises from harming another. Guilt, for example, is a negative mood/emotion/state and we want to relieve it.
Bystandersim
The bystander effect is when individuals do not offer help in an emergency situation. It means NOT HELPING IN NEED OF HELP.
Theory of pluralistic ignorance (one factor affecting bystander behavior that is connected to the number of bystanders)
If several people are present and nobody shows signs of concern or action, then the situation may be socially defined by an individual as ’in need of no action’.

This is a form of informational social influence (=others influence us because we thing that they are right).

Bystanders look to each other to know how to react. They look at the reactions of others around them.
Diffusion of responsibility (another factor affecting bystander behavior that is connected to the number of bystanders)
As the number of bystanders in an emergency increases the number of helpers decreases (the greater the belief is that someone else will help. It is as if the responsibility is shared.). When several people watch an incident like the Kitty murder, they seem to reason that somebody else can, should, and probably will offer assistance. This is called the bystander effect. With a higher the number of bystanders, help decreases.