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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A centrifugal pump is limited to use where the lift of the water is not in excess of |
15 ft |
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The formula Q=AIR is used to determine: |
rate of runoff in a watershed |
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A hydraulic ram is used to elevate a quantity of water to a higher elevation. Rams are powered by: |
Water |
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What is desalination? |
The conversion of seawater or brackish water to fresh water. |
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It is recommended that a contamination well be abandoned unless: |
All the sources of pollution can be found and removed AND the contaminated stratum from which water is being extracted is effectively sealed off. |
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Which of the following is not commonly used for disinfection of water? |
Silver Nitrate. |
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If sufficient amounts of activated carbon in the powdered form are used, practically all tastes and odors are removed from water by: |
Adsorption. |
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When considering water storage requirements, which of the following is not considered a recommended practice? |
The retention time for the stored water should not be over 8 hours. |
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Granular activated carbon (GAC) filters are used to: |
-Treat water for soft drinks and bottled drinking water. -Remove taste and odor producing compounds. -Remove synthetic organic chemicals (suspected carcinogens). |
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What are examples of groundwater systems? |
dug, bored, driven, and drilled wells, rock and sand or earth springs, and infiltration galleries. |
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The conversion of seawater or brackish water to fresh water is called: |
Desalination. |
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What does it mean when a body of water has a high Jackson Turbidity Units (JTU)? |
It has high turbidity. |
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Which of the following factors contributes to water hardness? |
Dissolved bicarbonates, sulfates, and/or chlorides of magnesium and calcium in groundwater. |
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The presence of which of the following in water would indicate past or possibly intermittent pollution? |
Clostridium perfringens. |
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This substance is the first product of the decomposition of organic matter. Its presence in water usually indicates "fresh pollution" of sanitary significance. What is it? |
Ammonia. |
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Turbidity of water will: |
-Interfere with proper disinfection. -Harbor viruses. -Cause taste and odor. |
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Which of the following statements is true concerning the presence of coliform organisms in drinking water? |
The drinking water should be considered unsanitary. |
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The type of water that makes it difficult to produce suds or to rinse laundry, dishes or food equipment is: |
Hard Water. |
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Which of the following disinfecting compounds can be used full strength for disinfection? -Perchloron -Calcium chloride -Chlorinated lime -Sodium hypochlorite |
Sodium Hypochlorite. |
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The limitation of the lift capability of the centrifugal pump is based on: |
The weight of the atmosphere. |
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Which of the following is not used to disinfect water? -Chlorine -Bromine -Fluorine -Iodine |
Fluorine. |
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Which of the following compounds would not contribute to water hardness? -Calcium sulfate -Magnesium sulfate -Calcium chloride -Sodium chloride |
Sodium Chloride. |
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Barium is a muscle stimulant and in large quantities may be harmful to the nervous system and heart. The fatal dose is: |
550-600 mg. |
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Which of the following chemicals is the most widely used to destroy microorganisms? -Chlorine -Copper sulfate -Chloramine -Hydrogen Sulfate |
Chlorine. |
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A jet pump will lift water a maximum of: |
120 ft. |
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Drinking water standards generally specify that a water is safe provided that testing in a specified manner does not reveal more than an average of: |
1 positive sample out of 40 samples taken. |
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Which of the following is the more common and least expensive method of backflow control? -Air gap separation -Vacuum breaker -Backflow preventer -Barometric loops |
Air gap separation. |
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Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) are most commonly used to: |
Determine turbidity. |
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In sandy soil, sewage organisms can travel about: |
200 ft. |
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Of the following, which is not a variable to be considered when deciding upon a safe distance between a well and a sewage disposal system? -Well construction, tightness of pump connection, depth of well casing and sealing of the annual space -the # of individuals utilizing the well -the volume, strength, type and dispersion of the polluted material -the soil structure and texture |
The # of individuals utilizing the well. |
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Which of the following is not a primary consideration when locating a groundwater supply? -The probable travel of pollution through the ground -The well construction practices and standards -The sanitary seal provided at the point where the pump lines pass out of the casing -The distance that the water will need to travel |
The distance that the water will need to travel. |
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The quality of surface water depends on: |
The watershed area drained, land use, location and sources of pollution, and the natural agencies of purification. |
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Microscopic photosynthetic plants of the simplest forms, having neither roots, stems, nor leaves, that are associated with taste and odor, filter clogging, and other water problems are known as: |
Algae. |
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Which of the following is not considered a satisfactory solution to the problem of chemical contamination in well systems? -Abandoning the well. -Boiling the water. -Connecting to a public water system. -Building a new, properly constructed, drilled well. |
Boiling the water. |
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Groundwater in the soil travels up through a plant's root system and then comes out from the leaf structure as: |
Transpiration. |
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A sanitary survey of a water system is necessary for what reason? |
To determine the safety and adequacy of the water supply. |
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Typically, an abundant supply of groundwater may be yielded from: |
Sedimentary rocks. |
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A safe distance between a well and a waste disposal system is dependent on: |
Chemical processes, physical processes, and biological processes. |
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In emergencies, small quantities of water can be disinfected by boiling or using: |
Tincture of iodine. |
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Leaching from a garbage dump has been found to pollute wells ____ ft away. |
2,000 feet |
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Which soil conditions are the most favorable for removal of viruses? |
Find loamy sand over course sand and gravel. |
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Reduction of the level of fluorides in drinking water can be accomplished by: |
Coagulation, lime softening, and ion exchange. |
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What is NOT a commonly accepted method or device to prevent backsiphonage? |
Cross-connections. |
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The flushometer valve is typically protected by: |
A non-pressure-type vacuum breaker. |
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What is used to control the growth of algae and protozoa? |
Filtration. |
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Porosity is: |
A measure of the amount of water that can be held by a rock in its pores or voids, expressed as a percentage of the total volume. |
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What is used to properly seal a drilled well to prevent contamination of the water supply? |
Grouting. |
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It is estimated that at any given time, there is/are ____ times more water stored underground than in all the surface streams and lakes. |
20-30 times as much. |
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Alkalinity of water is desirable at levels of: |
30-100 mg/L. |
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An example of a surface water supply would be: |
A reservoir. |
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Hardness in drinking water is desirable at levels of: |
50-80 mg/L. |
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Which statements are true? -All SW must be considered unsanitary unless given adequate treatment. All GW supplies may be considered safe as a potable water supply. -When considering SW as a water supply, the entire watershed must be surveyed. -A & C. |
All SW must be considered unsanitary unless given adequate treatment. When considering SW as a water supply, the entire watershed must be surveyed. (A & C). |
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What is used to measure the amount of light scattered by particles suspended in a water test sample? |
Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU). |
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The control of man-made pollutants must start with the management of: |
The source. |
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It has been estimated that waterborne disease worldwide accounts for in excess of: |
250 million illnesses per year. |
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The sources of water supply are divided into which of the following major classifications? |
GW and SW. |
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Water containing nitrates generally indicates: |
Evidence of agricultural pollution. |
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What are the fundamental steps involved in the control of organic chemicals in drinking water? |
Conduct sanitary surveys to identify sources, types and amounts of pollutants. |
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Trihalomethanes are synthetic organic chemicals primary created: |
During the pre-chlorination process. |
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Direct filtration can produce a good quality water at a lower cost provided that the water being treated is: |
-Low in suspended matter and turbidity. -Low in color, coliform organisms, and plankton. -Free of paper fiber. |
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Hydrogen sulfide can be fatal at exposure of: |
300 ppm. |
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The presence of what element in water treatment plant effluent is used as a measure of filtration efficiency? |
Aluminum. |
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In distillation, sea water is heated to the boiling point and then into steam, usually under pressure, at a starting temperature of: |
250 degrees F |
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What are fundamental to the control of inorganic chemicals in drinking water? |
-Sanitary survey. -Identification of sources. -Determination of amounts of pollutants. |
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One of the most common reasons for the contamination of wells drilled through rock, clay, or hardpan is: |
The failure to seal well casings properly. |
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Hydropneumatic or pressure-tank water systems are suitable for: |
small communities, housing developments, private homes and estates, camps, food service operations, and hotels. |
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The geophysical methods used to identify and investigate the extent and characteristics of ground water pollution include: |
-Geomagnetics -Electromagnetics -Electrical resistivity |
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Residential cesspool and septic tank soil absorption systems discharge: |
400 billion gallons of sewage into the ground per day. |
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Backflow of nonpotable materials into the potable water system may occur by: |
Backpressure and backsiphonage. |
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Microbial pollution travels only a short distance through: |
Sandy loam or clay. |
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All of the following will generally vary directly with the quality of water used for domestic purposes except: -Availability of water -Habits of the people -Cost of water -Amount of minerals in the water |
Amount of minerals in the water. |
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In the testing for residual chlorine, what determines free available chlorine with minimal interference from combined chlorine, iron, nitrates, and nitrites? |
DPD-colometric method. |
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Which of the following is not a practical method for removal of cadmium? |
Reverse osmosis. |
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When using presettling reservoirs to eliminate heavy turbidity or pollution before treatment, what is the desirable retention time? |
2-3 days. |
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What is the definition of effective porosity or specific yield? |
The amount of water that will drain out of saturated rock or soil by gravity. |
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Control of infectious, intestinal diseases of humans requires: |
-Provisions of safe water supplies. -Proper waste disposal. -Personal hygiene. |
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The presence of _____ is most easily identified by laboratory analysis in water contamination by feces? |
Coliform. |
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Domestic community water system pumps should be of such capacity as to deliver the average daily water demanded to the storage tank in ___hrs. |
6-12 hours. |
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The Langelier index is used to determine the point of stability of: |
Calcium carbonate. |
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The amount of color in water should be less than: |
15 color units. |