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80 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

A centrifugal pump is limited to use where the lift of the water is not in excess of

15 ft

The formula Q=AIR is used to determine:

rate of runoff in a watershed

A hydraulic ram is used to elevate a quantity of water to a higher elevation. Rams are powered by:

Water

What is desalination?

The conversion of seawater or brackish water to fresh water.

It is recommended that a contamination well be abandoned unless:

All the sources of pollution can be found and removed AND the contaminated stratum from which water is being extracted is effectively sealed off.

Which of the following is not commonly used for disinfection of water?

Silver Nitrate.

If sufficient amounts of activated carbon in the powdered form are used, practically all tastes and odors are removed from water by:

Adsorption.

When considering water storage requirements, which of the following is not considered a recommended practice?

The retention time for the stored water should not be over 8 hours.

Granular activated carbon (GAC) filters are used to:

-Treat water for soft drinks and bottled drinking water.


-Remove taste and odor producing compounds.


-Remove synthetic organic chemicals (suspected carcinogens).

What are examples of groundwater systems?

dug, bored, driven, and drilled wells, rock and sand or earth springs, and infiltration galleries.

The conversion of seawater or brackish water to fresh water is called:

Desalination.

What does it mean when a body of water has a high Jackson Turbidity Units (JTU)?

It has high turbidity.

Which of the following factors contributes to water hardness?

Dissolved bicarbonates, sulfates, and/or chlorides of magnesium and calcium in groundwater.

The presence of which of the following in water would indicate past or possibly intermittent pollution?

Clostridium perfringens.

This substance is the first product of the decomposition of organic matter. Its presence in water usually indicates "fresh pollution" of sanitary significance. What is it?

Ammonia.

Turbidity of water will:

-Interfere with proper disinfection.


-Harbor viruses.


-Cause taste and odor.

Which of the following statements is true concerning the presence of coliform organisms in drinking water?

The drinking water should be considered unsanitary.

The type of water that makes it difficult to produce suds or to rinse laundry, dishes or food equipment is:

Hard Water.

Which of the following disinfecting compounds can be used full strength for disinfection?


-Perchloron


-Calcium chloride


-Chlorinated lime


-Sodium hypochlorite

Sodium Hypochlorite.

The limitation of the lift capability of the centrifugal pump is based on:

The weight of the atmosphere.

Which of the following is not used to disinfect water?


-Chlorine


-Bromine


-Fluorine


-Iodine

Fluorine.

Which of the following compounds would not contribute to water hardness?


-Calcium sulfate


-Magnesium sulfate


-Calcium chloride


-Sodium chloride

Sodium Chloride.

Barium is a muscle stimulant and in large quantities may be harmful to the nervous system and heart. The fatal dose is:

550-600 mg.

Which of the following chemicals is the most widely used to destroy microorganisms?


-Chlorine


-Copper sulfate


-Chloramine


-Hydrogen Sulfate

Chlorine.

A jet pump will lift water a maximum of:

120 ft.

Drinking water standards generally specify that a water is safe provided that testing in a specified manner does not reveal more than an average of:

1 positive sample out of 40 samples taken.

Which of the following is the more common and least expensive method of backflow control?


-Air gap separation


-Vacuum breaker


-Backflow preventer


-Barometric loops

Air gap separation.

Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) are most commonly used to:

Determine turbidity.

In sandy soil, sewage organisms can travel about:

200 ft.

Of the following, which is not a variable to be considered when deciding upon a safe distance between a well and a sewage disposal system?


-Well construction, tightness of pump connection, depth of well casing and sealing of the annual space


-the # of individuals utilizing the well


-the volume, strength, type and dispersion of the polluted material


-the soil structure and texture

The # of individuals utilizing the well.

Which of the following is not a primary consideration when locating a groundwater supply?


-The probable travel of pollution through the ground


-The well construction practices and standards


-The sanitary seal provided at the point where the pump lines pass out of the casing


-The distance that the water will need to travel

The distance that the water will need to travel.

The quality of surface water depends on:

The watershed area drained, land use, location and sources of pollution, and the natural agencies of purification.

Microscopic photosynthetic plants of the simplest forms, having neither roots, stems, nor leaves, that are associated with taste and odor, filter clogging, and other water problems are known as:

Algae.

Which of the following is not considered a satisfactory solution to the problem of chemical contamination in well systems?


-Abandoning the well.


-Boiling the water.


-Connecting to a public water system.


-Building a new, properly constructed, drilled well.

Boiling the water.

Groundwater in the soil travels up through a plant's root system and then comes out from the leaf structure as:

Transpiration.

A sanitary survey of a water system is necessary for what reason?

To determine the safety and adequacy of the water supply.

Typically, an abundant supply of groundwater may be yielded from:

Sedimentary rocks.

A safe distance between a well and a waste disposal system is dependent on:

Chemical processes, physical processes, and biological processes.

In emergencies, small quantities of water can be disinfected by boiling or using:

Tincture of iodine.

Leaching from a garbage dump has been found to pollute wells ____ ft away.

2,000 feet

Which soil conditions are the most favorable for removal of viruses?

Find loamy sand over course sand and gravel.

Reduction of the level of fluorides in drinking water can be accomplished by:

Coagulation, lime softening, and ion exchange.

What is NOT a commonly accepted method or device to prevent backsiphonage?

Cross-connections.

The flushometer valve is typically protected by:

A non-pressure-type vacuum breaker.

What is used to control the growth of algae and protozoa?

Filtration.

Porosity is:

A measure of the amount of water that can be held by a rock in its pores or voids, expressed as a percentage of the total volume.

What is used to properly seal a drilled well to prevent contamination of the water supply?

Grouting.

It is estimated that at any given time, there is/are ____ times more water stored underground than in all the surface streams and lakes.

20-30 times as much.

Alkalinity of water is desirable at levels of:

30-100 mg/L.

An example of a surface water supply would be:

A reservoir.

Hardness in drinking water is desirable at levels of:

50-80 mg/L.

Which statements are true?


-All SW must be considered unsanitary unless given adequate treatment.


All GW supplies may be considered safe as a potable water supply.


-When considering SW as a water supply, the entire watershed must be surveyed.


-A & C.

All SW must be considered unsanitary unless given adequate treatment.


When considering SW as a water supply, the entire watershed must be surveyed.


(A & C).

What is used to measure the amount of light scattered by particles suspended in a water test sample?

Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU).

The control of man-made pollutants must start with the management of:

The source.

It has been estimated that waterborne disease worldwide accounts for in excess of:

250 million illnesses per year.

The sources of water supply are divided into which of the following major classifications?

GW and SW.

Water containing nitrates generally indicates:

Evidence of agricultural pollution.

What are the fundamental steps involved in the control of organic chemicals in drinking water?

Conduct sanitary surveys to identify sources, types and amounts of pollutants.

Trihalomethanes are synthetic organic chemicals primary created:

During the pre-chlorination process.

Direct filtration can produce a good quality water at a lower cost provided that the water being treated is:

-Low in suspended matter and turbidity.


-Low in color, coliform organisms, and plankton.


-Free of paper fiber.

Hydrogen sulfide can be fatal at exposure of:

300 ppm.

The presence of what element in water treatment plant effluent is used as a measure of filtration efficiency?

Aluminum.

In distillation, sea water is heated to the boiling point and then into steam, usually under pressure, at a starting temperature of:

250 degrees F

What are fundamental to the control of inorganic chemicals in drinking water?

-Sanitary survey.


-Identification of sources.


-Determination of amounts of pollutants.

One of the most common reasons for the contamination of wells drilled through rock, clay, or hardpan is:

The failure to seal well casings properly.

Hydropneumatic or pressure-tank water systems are suitable for:

small communities, housing developments, private homes and estates, camps, food service operations, and hotels.

The geophysical methods used to identify and investigate the extent and characteristics of ground water pollution include:

-Geomagnetics


-Electromagnetics


-Electrical resistivity

Residential cesspool and septic tank soil absorption systems discharge:

400 billion gallons of sewage into the ground per day.

Backflow of nonpotable materials into the potable water system may occur by:

Backpressure and backsiphonage.

Microbial pollution travels only a short distance through:

Sandy loam or clay.

All of the following will generally vary directly with the quality of water used for domestic purposes except:


-Availability of water


-Habits of the people


-Cost of water


-Amount of minerals in the water

Amount of minerals in the water.

In the testing for residual chlorine, what determines free available chlorine with minimal interference from combined chlorine, iron, nitrates, and nitrites?

DPD-colometric method.

Which of the following is not a practical method for removal of cadmium?

Reverse osmosis.

When using presettling reservoirs to eliminate heavy turbidity or pollution before treatment, what is the desirable retention time?

2-3 days.

What is the definition of effective porosity or specific yield?

The amount of water that will drain out of saturated rock or soil by gravity.

Control of infectious, intestinal diseases of humans requires:

-Provisions of safe water supplies.


-Proper waste disposal.


-Personal hygiene.

The presence of _____ is most easily identified by laboratory analysis in water contamination by feces?

Coliform.

Domestic community water system pumps should be of such capacity as to deliver the average daily water demanded to the storage tank in ___hrs.

6-12 hours.

The Langelier index is used to determine the point of stability of:

Calcium carbonate.

The amount of color in water should be less than:

15 color units.