Rehs-Poisonous Plants, Animals, And Chemicals

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How much of the american population suffers from allergies?

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10%

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What are the different types of allergens?

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1. Pollen ex: ragweed
2. Fungi ex:ergot
3. Insects ex: wasp stings
4. Dust ex:dirt, animal hair
5. Foods ex:eggs
6. chemical sensitizers (isocyanates)

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what are afflatoxins?

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A mold toxin on peanuts

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What is anaphylatic shock?

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Anaphylatic shock is the allergic reaction to a bee or wasp sting. This can lead to death if the allergic reaction is sever

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Lithium

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Li, A metallic element of atomic number 3, Group IA of periodic table. Atomic weight 6.941; valence 1; two isotopes. It is the lightest and least reactive of the alkali metals and the lightest solid element.

Pharmaceutical; used to treat for mental disorders as an anti-depressive.

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Potassium

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K. A metallic element of atomic number 19. . An alkali metal. Atomic weight 39.102. Valence I. Potassium is a naturally occurring radioactive isotope. There are also two stable Isotopes. The synthetic isotope, potassium 42, Is used In tracer studies, primarily in medicine. An essential element in plant growth and in animal and human nutrition. Occurs In all solis.

-Dangerous fire risk. Reacts with moisture to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen. It also ignites the hydrogen. Burning potassium is difficult to extinguish.
- It can ignite spontaneously in moist air.
-Potassium metal will form the peroxide and the superoxide at room temperature even when stored under mineral oil. May explode violently when handled or cut

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SODIUM

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Na. Natrium. Metallic element; Atomic number 11; Atomic weight: 22.9898; valence 1; no stable isotopes. but several radioactive forms. Extremely reactive.

Strong, caustic irritant to tissues. Severe fire risk in contact with water in any form. Ignites spontaneously in dry air when heated.

Radioactive forms used in tracer studies and medicine. Heat transfer agent in solar powered electric generators. In vapor lights. Tetraethyllead alloys. Explosives & fireworks. Peroxides are Irritants & corrosives.

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BARIUM

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Ba
Alkaline-earth element with the atomic number 56, Atomic weight: 137.34. Valence 2.
Seven stable isotopes.

Causes a respiratory problem In the lungs when dust Is Inhaled: baritosis pneumonitis in humans.

Used digestive tract surveys (ulcers)

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BERYLLIUM

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Be
A metallic element with the atomic number 4. Atomic weight: 9.0121 . Valence 2.
No stable isotopes

Dust can be toxic. A known carcinogen (OSHA). Pneumonitis: inflammation of the lungs to an allergic reactio). Cyanosis: a blusih discoloration of the skin or mucous membrane signifying that oxygen is greatly diminished. Chronic breathing. Cardiac failure

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MAGNESIUM

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Mg.
METALLIC element with an atomic number 12.
Atomic weight: 24.305; Valence 2.
There are three isotopes.

Magnesium is the central element of the chlorophyll molecule, it is also an important component of red blood corpuscles.

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STRONTIUM

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Sr. Metallic element, with the atomic number 38
Atomic weight 87.62; Valence 2.
Radioactive isotopes Sr-89 and Sr-90, there are 4 stable isotopes.

Spontaneously flammable in powder form; ignites when heated above melting point. Reacts with water to evolve hydrogen. Store
under naphtha. Radioactive strontium Is a boneseeking element (collects in the bones).

Used in ionizing radiation

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CHROMIC ACID

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transitional metal

Highly toxic, corrosive to skin. Bronchogenic: occurs in the lungs. Can cause a perforated nasal septum (a hole in the nasal cartilidge).

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COBALT

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transitional method
Co
A metallic element of atomic number 27, Group VIII of the Periodic Table. Atomic weight 58.9332. Valences 2, 3; no stable isotopes, there are several artificial radioactive isotopes, the most important being Co-60.

An Important trace element In soils and necessary for animal nutrition.

Radioactive cobalt is important for cancer treatment in medicine.

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COPPER

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Cu.
A metallic element of atomic number 29 of Group IB of the periodic system. Atomic weight 63.546; valences 1, 2; two stable isotopes.

A necessary trace element in human diet: a factor in plant metabolism. Essentially nontoxic in elemental form. Noncombustible except as powder.

HAZARD Toxic and flammable in finely divided form. When copper pipe makes contact with soda water, carbonic acid reacts to the copper and solutionlzes the copper In the soda water; this can result in chemical food poisoning if Ingested In the proper quantities. Fume fever, eye and nasal Irritation. Symptoms:
1. Vomiting 2. Headache 3. Nause 4. On-set times are less than 1 to 2 hours (classified as a chemical food poisoning).

igh levels of copper can accumulate in soda machine lines (this was common to old soda dispensing units; present units are made of plastic and this type of poisoning is rare). The high levels of copper Is caused by the carbonic acid which Is formed when the copper line and the soda (carbonated water and sugar) stands for a long period of time.

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IRON

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Fe.
Metallic element of atomic number 26.
Group VIII of the Periodic Table.
Atomic weight: 55.847;
Four stable isotopes; four artificially radioactive isotopes.

A strong reducing agent. Oxidizes readily in moist air.
Siderosis (disease caused by the inhalation of metallic particles. Leaves Iron taste in water.

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MANGANESE

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Mn.
Metallic element of atomic number 25, Group VIIB of Periodic Table.
No stable isotopes; 4 artificial radioactive isotopes. There are four allotropic forms, of which alpha is most important.

HAZARDS Fumes. Dust or powder is flammable. Use dry chemical to extinguish. Exposures have caused spastic and psychological symptoms; pneumonitis.

*used in welding

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NICKEL

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Ni.
A metallic element of atomic number 28 group VIII of the Period Table. Five stable isotopes.

HAZARDS Flammable and toxic as dust or fume. A carcinogen; exposure can cause dermatitis

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WHAT ARE ORGANOTINS?

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A family of alkyl tin compounds used as stabilizers for plastics, especially rigid vinyl polymers used as aids and cellular structures. Some have catalytic properties.

PROPERTIES They include butyl tin trichloride, dibutyltin oxide, etc., and various methyltin compounds. They are both liquids and solids, and all are highly toxic.

HAZARDS Compounds can affect the liver, kidneys, pulmonary and central nervous system.
USES PVC stabilizers and blocldes.

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TIN

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Stannum
Sn.
A metallic element of atomic number 50; There are ten isotope

hazards: All organic tin compounds are toxic. Can cause a condition called stanosis (tin poisoning).
USES: plating and soltering, used in cooking materials

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ZINC

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Zn. Metallic element of atomic number 30, Group liB of periodic table. Atomic weight 65.37. Valence 2. Five stable isotopes.

Boosts the immune system
HAZARDS Fume fever, (dust); flammable, dangerous fire and explosion risk.

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ARSENIC

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As. A nonmetallic element of atomic number 33; Group VA of Periodic Table. Atomic weight 74.9216; Valence 2, 3, 5; No stable isotopes.
P
HAZARDS A known carcinogen, dermatitis, gastrointestinal, possible teratogen (may Impair fetal development; cellular mutagen), respiratory impairment. Highly toxic by ingestion and Inhalation. OSHA standard for employee exposure is 10 micrograms per cubic meter of air. Respirators required for worker exposure to more than 500 micrograms per cubic meter.

ADDITIONAL NOTES A common Industrial waste product considered as hazardous waste.

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CADMIUM

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Cd, Metallic element of atomic number 4B, Group liB of the periodic table. Atomic weight 112.4. Valence 2. There are eight stable isotopes.

HAZARDS : Kidney and testes necrosis, poisoning, vomiting, diarrhea, cramps, fumes, pneumonitis, emphysema and (food pOisoning). Flammable in powder form.
TOLERANCE As dust and soluble compounds, 0.05 mg per cubic meter of air; (oxide fume, as Cd), 0.05 mg per cubic meter of air. Soluble compounds of cadmium are highly toxic; however, Ingestion usually induces a strong emetic action which minimizes the risk of fatal or severe poisoning. Use as fungicide may be restricted.

ADDITIONAL NOTES 1. Cadmium rods Is widely used In atomic energy plants as a fission reducer to absorb the atomic particles given off
by the nuclear fuel 2. A common industrial waste product in hazardous waste.