• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/110

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

110 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
The most likely cause of photochemical smog is due to:

a. large industries
b. chemical processing plants
c. hazardous waste incinerators
d. heavy motor vehicle traffic
d. heavy motor vehicle traffic
the industries least likely to be a source of sulfur dioxide pollution are:

a. metal smelters
b. coal and oil burning power plants
c. refineries
d. hazardous waste incinerators
d. hazardous waste incinerators
Scrubbers are wet collectors generally used to remove particles that form as a:

a. dust, aerosol, or fog
b. mist, solid, or vapor
c. fog, mist, or dust
d. fume, dust, or mist
c. fog mist or dust
Particle size selective inlets are used to separate particulates above and below 2 to 3 microns in size on:

a. high volume samplers
b. outfall vacuums
c. baghouse air filters
d. atmospheric respirator sieves
a. high volume samplers
The most common type of noise measurement device used for initial inspections is the:

a. octave-band analyzer
b. noise dosimeter
c. sound level meter
d. sound analyzer
c. sound level meter
When two pollutants are combined, the effects are greater than the sum of the individual effects. This is called:

a. commensalisms
b. synergism
c. magnification
d. multiplication
b. synergism
Air is vital to existence. In fact, in a day's time humans breathe an average of:

a. 3 to 4 pounds of air
b. 35 pounds of air
c. 37 pounds of air
d. 1600 cu ft of air
b. 35 pounds of air
Which component of clean dry air has the smallest volume?

a. carbon monoxide
b. nitrogen dioxide
c. ammonia
d. sulfur dioxide
d. sulfur dioxide
Ozone reduces the useful life of all of the following except:

a. rubber
b. textiles
c. dyes
d. nylon
d. nylon
Major effects on humans are caused by Los Angeles and London type smog along with what two pollutants?

a. sulfur dioxide and hydrogen fluoride
b. sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide
c. hydrogen sulfide and peroxacyl nitrates
d. ozone and nitrogen dioxide
a. sulfur dioxide and hydrogen flouride
Photochemical smog has been reported in congested areas with:

a. large industries
b. chemical processing plants
c. industries processing hazardous wastes
d. high motor vehicle traffic
d. high motor vehicle traffic
What type of air pollution causes bleaching of leaves in plants?

a. PAN (Peroxyacetyl Nitrate)
b. sulfur dioxide
c. industries processing hazardous wastes
d. high motor vehicle traffic
b. sulfur dioxide
Which of the following are not major sources of sulfur dioxide pollution?

a. metal smelters
b. coal and oil burning power plants
c. refineries
d. electrical substations
d. electrical substations
Which of the following is not a malodorous gas?

a. sulfur dioxide
b. hydrogen sulfide
c. carbon monoxide
d. phenol
c. carbon monoxide
What size particle can reach the lowest parts of the lung?

a. 15 microns
b. 50 microns
c. 3 microns
d. any size particle
c. 3 microns
Air Pollution is the presence of __________ in the outside air in amounts that are injurious or detrimental to humans, animals, plants, or property.

a. solids
b. gases
c. liquids
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
When two pollutants are combined, the effects are greater than the sum of the individual effects. This is called

a. commensalism
b. synergism
c. magnification
d. multiplication
b. synergism
The effects of air pollution are influenced by

a. wind speed and direction
b. sunlight
c. precipitation
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Air is vital to existence. In fact, humans breathe, in a day's time, an average of

a. 3 to 4 pounds of air
b. 35 pounds of air
c. 37 pounds of air
d. 1,600 cubic ft of air
b. 35 pounds of air
Which component of clean, dry air has the smallest volume?

a. carbon monoxide
b. nitrogen dioxide
c. ammonia
d. sulfur dioxide
d. sulfur dioxide
Ozone reduces the useful life of all of the following except

a. rubber
b. textiles
c. dyes
d. nylon
d. nylon
Major effects on humans are caused by Los Angeles- and London-type smog, along with what two pollutants?

a. sulfur dioxide and hydrogen fluoride
b. sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide
c. hydrogen sulfide and peroxacyl nitrates
d. ozone and nitrogen dioxide
a. sulfur dioxide and hydrogen fluoride
Photochemical smog has been reported in congested areas with

a. large industries
b. chemical processing plants
c. industries processing hazardous wastes
d. high motor vehicle traffic
d. high motor vehicle traffic
What type of air pollution causes bleaching of leaves in plants?

a. PAN (Peroxyacetyl Nitrate)
b. sulfur dioxide
c. industries processing hazardous wastes
d. high motor vehicle traffic
b. sulfur dioxide
Injury to plants due to __________ shows up as flecks, stipple and bleaching, tip burns on conifers, and growth suppression.

a. ozone
b. peroxyacyl nitrates
c. hydrogen fluoride
d. sulfur dioxide
a. ozone
Glazing, silvering, or bronzing, on the underside of a leaf is evidence that injury has occurred by

a. ozone
b. peroxyacyl nitrates
c. sulfur dioxide
d. hydrogen fluoride
b. peroxyacyl nitrates
__________ have been known to cause crippling skeletal damage to cattle through ingested contaminated vegetation.

a. sulfides
b. fluorides
c. nitrates
d. chlorides
b. fluorides
Animals are primarily affected by the fluorides in the air

a. through ingesting vegetation
b. by inhalating pollution
c. by consuming contaminated water
d. by consuming highly toxic food and water
a. through ingesting vegetation
Fluorocarbons in the atmosphere are of concern because they may

a. react with the ozone in the upper atmosphere, thus reducing the total amount of ozone available
b. cause an increase in ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth
c. cause an increase in skin cancers and changes in our climate, animal, and plant life
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Which of the following are not major sources of sulfur dioxide pollution?

a. metal smelters
b. coal and oil burning power plants
c. refineries
d. electrical substations
d. electrical substations
Which of the following is not a malodorous gas?

a. sulfur dioxide
b. hydrogen sulfide
c. carbon monoxide
d. phenol
c. carbon monoxide
What size particle can reach the lowest parts Of the lung?

a. 15 microns
b. 50 microns
c. 3 microns
d. any size particle
c. 3 microns
Street dust would be considered what type of pollution?

a. paradox pollutant
b. fugitive pollutant
c. uncontrolled pollutant
d. laps rate
b. fugitive pollutant
A primary pollutant is

a. one that is formed in the atmosphere as a result of reactions such as hydrolysis, oxidation, and photochemistry
b. one that is found in the atmosphere due to natural reactions
c. one that is found in the atmosphere in the same form as it exists
d. none of the above
c. one that is found in the atmosphere in the same form as it exists
Emissions which find their way into the ambient air without being vented through a stack are known as

a. escaped emissions
b. fugitive emissions
c. phantom emissions
d. all of the above
b. fugitive emissions
__________ can be formed as a result of the sun's action on nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons

a. sulfur dioxide
b. hydrogen sulfide
c. chlorofluorocarbons
d. ozone
d. ozone
Which of the following is not a primary pollutant?

a. sulfur dioxide
b. hydrocarbon
c. nitrogen dioxide
d. sulfuric acid
d. sulfuric acid
In what part of the earth's atmosphere are photochemical oxidants produced?

a. lithosphere
b. stratosphere
c. troposphere
d. hydrosphere
c. troposphere
Impurities in combustible hydrocarbons (coal and oil) combine with oxygen to produce __________ when burned.

a. nitrogen oxide
b. sulfur dioxide
c. nitrogen dioxide
d. carbon monoxide
b. sulfur dioxide
How are total suspended particles measured?

a. flame photometry and weighing
b. gas filtration
c. flame ionization
d. collection and weighing
d. collection and weighing
Particle size selective inlets are used to separate particulates above and below 2 to 3 microns in size on

a. high volume samplers
b. oustfall vacuums
c. baghouse air filters
d. atmospheric respirator sieves
a. high volume samplers
A particle count of above __________ is said to be representative of an urban area

a. 10,000
b. 50,000
c. 100,000
d. 200,000
b. 50,000
In the United States, the Ringlemann smoke chart consists of how many rectangular charts?

a. three
b. four
c. five
d. six
b. four
The Ringlemann chart method of evaluating particle pollution in the atmosphere is being replaced by a determination of the

a. percent density
b. percent mist
c. percent dusts
d. percent opacity
d. percent opacity
__________ involves the chemistry, physics, and dynamics of the atmosphere and includes many direct effects of the atmosphere on the earth's surface, ocean, and life.

a. topography
b. meteorology
c. micrometeorology
d. none of the above
b. meteorology
Which of the following are examples of short-range primary pollutants?

a. total suspended solids and sulfur dioxide
b. sulfur dioxide and ozone
c. ozone and acid rain
d. total suspended solids and acid rain
a. total suspended solids and sulfur dioxide
The meteorological elements that have the most direct and significant effects on the distribution of air pollutants are

a. solar radiation
b. wind speed and direction
c. precipitation and stability
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Long-term wind data of a given location are presented graphically in the form of a

a. wind rose
b. wind table
c. wind tree
d. wind iris
a. wind rose
The accumulation or increased concentration of a continuously emitted pollutant is

a. referred to as episodic filtration
b. referred to as explosive stockpiling and is potentially a very hazardous situation if left unchecked
c. directly proportional to wind speed
d. inversely proportional to wind speed
d. inversely proportional to wind speed
Turbulence is the wind characteristic that is

a. most predictable
b. the most effective mechanism for the dispersion or dilution of a cloud or plume of pollutants
c. responsible for generating cyclonic pollutants
d. responsible for the agitation of otherwise harmless ions
b. the most effective mechanism for the dispersion or dilution of a cloud or plume of pollutants
Stability of the atmosphere

a. is the ability to enhance or suppress vertical air motions
b. is largely determined by the vertical temperature profile
c. refers to the inertness of its composition
d. a and b above
d. a and b above
The normal change in temperature with altitude is

a. noted as an increase due to the increased closeness and lack of filtering of sunlight
b. noted as a decrease due to expansion and thus adiabatic cooling of air
c. noted as a decrease due to black-body emission into space, coupled with the lessening of insulation provided by other air
d. noted as an increase due to the rising of warm air
b. noted as a decrease due to expansion and thus adiabatic cooling of air
Which of the following inversions develops at night under conditions of relatively clear skies and very light winds?

a. subsidence inversion
b. frontal inversion
c. radiational inversion
d. stack emission inversion
c. radiational inversion
Precipitation accomplishes an effective cleansing process of pollutants in the atmosphere by

a. accumulation of small particles in the formation of raindrops or snowflakes in clouds
b. the washing out or scavenging of large particles by falling raindrops or snow-flakes
c. removal of gaseous pollutants by dissolution and absorption
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Which of the following items are not natural topographic features?

a. rivers
b. canals
c. foliages
d. hills
b. canals
Air pollution control should first be considered at the

a. source
b. stack
c. industrial level
d. suburban level
a. source
Scrubbers are wet collectors generally used to remove particles that form as a

a. non-soluble vapor
b. mist, solid, or vapor
c. fog, mist, or dust
d. fume, dust or mist
c. fog, mist, or dust
The information needed to use an air quality model includes

a. pollutant concentration data, population, and meteorological data
b. population, source emissions data, and pollutant concentration data
c. meteorological data, pollutant concentration data, and source emissions data
d. stack size, population, and pollutant concentration data
c. meteorological data, pollutant concentration data, and source emissions data
Sources of pollutants can generally be classified as

a. line sources
b. area sources
c. point sources
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
The pitch of a sound is determined primarily by

a. frequency
b. wavelengths
c. sound pressure
d. all of the above
a. frequency
The distance that a sound wave travels in one cycle or period is the

a. sound intensity
b. wavelength of the sound
c. sound pressure
d. frequency
b. wavelength of the sound
The speed with which sound travels through a particular medium is dependent on

a. the compressibility of the medium
b. the density of the medium
c. the compressibility and density of the medium
d. none of the above
c. the compressibility and density of the medium
A __________ is a dimensionless unit to express physical intensity or sound pressure levels.

a. noise level
b. decibel
c. hertz
d. sound pressure level (SPL)
b. decibel
The __________ of a sound Wave is the energy transferred per unit time (sec) through a unit area normal to the direction of propagation.

a. sound pressure
b. frequency
c. intensity
d. speed
c. intensity
For a pure tone (single frequency) to be produced, there must be a one-to-one correspondence between

a. loudness and intensity
b. frequency and intensity
c. pitch and loudness
d. pressure and pitch
a. loudness and intensity
If 10 decibels is 10 times more intense than one decibel, how many times more intense is 20 decibels than one decibel?

a. 20
b. 30
c. 100
d. 1000
c. 100
The unit of measurement most commonly used to measure loudness is called

a. hertz
b. phon
c. decibel
d. none of the above
b. phon
The major factors related to hearing loss are

a. time duration of exposure and repeated impact
b. intensity of sound waves
c. frequency content of sound
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
For workers, a sound level above __________ dBA should be considered unsafe for daily exposure over a period of months.

a. 80
b. 85
c. 90
d. all of the above
c. 90
The most common type of noise measurement device used for initial surveys to provide rapid evaluation and identification of potential problem areas is the

a. octave-band analyzer
b. noise dosimeter
c. sound level meter
d. sound analyzer
c. sound level meter
It is possible to control noise

a. at the source
b. in its path of transmission
c. where it is received
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Some specific measures that can be used to reduce the effect of highway noise include

a. setting lower speed limits for certain sections of a highway
b. establishing alternate truck routes
c. enclosure of highways going through residential areas
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Which of the following types of materials are known to reflect sound?

a. rubber tiles
b. heavy drapes
c. carpets with felt pads
d. rugs
a. rubber tiles
The ratio of the energy passing through a wall, floor, or ceiling to the energy striking it is called

a. sound absorption
b. sound transmission loss
c. noise reduction
d. all of the above
b. sound transmission loss
A hammering type noise often heard in a plumbing system is usually due to

a. a quick-closing valve requiring installation of an air chamber
b. vibrations from machines that require rubber mountings or resilient pads
c. the high mineral content of flowing water
d. low sound transmission loss of plumbing materials
a. a quick-closing valve requiring installation of an air chamber
The first Federal standards for occupational exposure to noise were issued by

a. the Department of Transportation
b. the Federal Aviation Administration
c. the Department of Housing and Urban Development
d. the Department of Labor
d. the Department of Labor
The precise levels at which specific pollutants become a health hazard are relatively easy to establish by existing surveillance systems.

a. True
b. False
b. False
Deterioration in the ozone layer of the stratosphere can cause an increase in ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth.

a. True
b. False
a. True
Chlorofluorocarbons increase the amount of ozone in the atmosphere.

a. True
b. False
b. False
Pollutants may be in the form of microorganisms.

a. True
b. False
a. True
Particulates larger than 10 microns can penetrate easily into the respiratory tract.

a. True
b. False
b. False
Transportation is the largest source of air pollution.

a. True
b. False
a. True
Bacteria and spores are considered natural sources of air pollution.

a. True
b. False
a. True
Ozone can be formed by the action of sunlight on nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons.

a. True
b. False
a. True
A primary pollutant is one that is formed in the atmosphere as a result of chemical reactions.

a. True
b. False
b. False
Stack samples must be collected at the same speed of flow that gases normally pass through the stack.

a. True
b. False
a. True
A sampling train is a device used to measure emissions from locomotives.

a. True
b. False
b. False
The concentration resulting from a continuous emission of a pollutant is directly proportional to wind speed.

a. True
b. False
b. False
Areas on the windward side of mountain ranges can expect less precipitation due to the forced rising, expansion, and cooling of moving air masses.

a. True
b. False
b. False
The terms "washout' and "rainout" both refer to a cleansing process of pollutants in the atmosphere.

a. True
b. False
a. True
Sounds with a frequency of 30 hertz (Hz) are considered very low pitch.

a. True
b. False
a. True
The frequency of a sound determines its pitch.

a. True
b. False
a. True
In general terms, it is safe to assume that any two identical sound levels will have the effect of increasing the overall level by 10 dB.

a. True
b. False
b. False
Almost all sound contains multiple frequencies.

a. True
b. False
a. True
Continuous exposure to high-level noise is less harmful than intermittent or occasional exposure.

a. True
b. False
b. False
Individuals react differently to noise depending on age, sex, and socioeconomic background.

a. True
b. False
a. True
Dry cotton ear plugs are just as effective against noise control as expensive fitted ear plugs and earmuffs.

a. True
b. False
b. False
The amount of sound energy a material can absorb is a function of its absorption coefficient at a specified frequency.

a. True
b. False
a. True
Sound absorbing materials absorb low frequency sounds much more effectively than high frequency sounds.

a. True
b. False
b. False
The United States Environmental Protection Agency has the sole responsibility for implementing "The Noise Control Act of 1971."

a. True
b. False
b. False
The Montreal Protocol categorizes __________ and __________ in two classes based on their ozone-depletion potential.

a. CO2 and PAN
b. CFCs and halons
c. Ozone depleting greenhouse chemicals
d. SO2 and CO
b. CFCs and halons
Halon-1301 is used primarily in

a. portable fire suppression systems
b. fixed fire suppression systems
c. precision cleaning processes
d. plastic foam blowing
b. fixed fire suppression systems
Halon-1211 is used primarily in

a. portable fire extinguishers
b. fixed fire suppression systems
c. printed circuit board cleaning
d. vapor degreasing
a. portable fire extinguishers
__________ is considered to be the least damaging to the stratospheric ozone layer.

a. CFCs
b. methyl bromide
c. halon
d. HCFCS
d. HCFCS
CFCs are widely used because of their

a. chemical stability
b. herbicide
c. pesticide
d. fungicide
a. chemical stability
Methyl bromide is used primarily as a

a. fertilizer
b. herbicide
c. pesticide
d. fungicide
c. pesticide
The "Ozone Hole" was first noticed in

a. Antarctica
b. the Arctic
c. Canada
d. Chile
a. Antarctica
The Safe New Alternatives Policy program

a. specifies alternatives for all ozone-depleting substances
b. lists unacceptable alternatives to ozone-depleting substances
c. considers only ozone depletion potential
d. is based on global warming potential
a. specifies alternatives for all ozone-depleting substances
Consumption of ozone depleting substances is

a. the amount of compound used by an industry
b. the amount of compound produced by a country
c. the amount of compound produced and imported by a country
d. the amount of compound imported minus the amount exported
d. the amount of compound imported minus the amount exported
A major effect of stratospheric ozone layer depletion is

a. increase in incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer
b. higher mean temperature in the Northern Hemisphere
c. increase in phytoplankton population
d. increase rate of photosynthesis in plants
a. increase in incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer