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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ORTHOTICS
Definition: |
Device worn on the body for therapeutic purposes; that when in contact with the body improves function. 1st orthosis @ since 2700 BC. Orthoses apply forces that support weakened segments by resisting gravity or the action of the antagonistic m.
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ORTHOTICS
orthosis or braces... how long worn for? |
long term
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ORTHOTICS
splints... how long worn for? |
temporary
examples include resting, static, and dynamic |
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How are orthoses classified?
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orthoses are classified by the joints they encompass and the type of motion they control
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What are indications for the use of orthotics and prosthetics?
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paralysis
skeletal instability immobilization for healing |
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what are the 4 basic goals for the use of orthotics and prosthetics?
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prevent deformity by correcting malalignment
provide stability facilitate function by transferring a load Reduce pain |
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who fabricates orthotics?
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Orthotist: college graduate, board certified.
2. PT or PTA can make some temporary orthoses or distribute prefabricated ones. |
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what are 5 types of orthotics for the UE?
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a. static and dynamic
b. airplane c. cock up d. resting e. thumb abduction |
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Cervical Orthoses (CO):
primary use? |
primarily used for immobilization
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what are 4 types of cervical orthoses?
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a. HALO
b. SOMI c. Philadelphia collar d. soft collar |
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what is the use of CERVICAL TONGS?
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for unstable cervical spine
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SOMI
what does it stabilize? |
sterno occipital mandibular immobilizer
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Philadelphia Hard Collar
what is this used for? |
-Simple stable fractures
-post-op -ligamentous injury -optional treach opening |
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TRUNK ORTHOSES
Primary used for? |
primarily used for immobilization
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what is the use of the following LSO/TLSO?
Milwaukee Boston Corset |
a. Milwaukee-scoliosis
b.Boston- scoliosis c. Corset- LBP |
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what is the use of the following LSO/TLSO?
chairback knight taylor |
d.chairback- LBP, spinal surgery
e.Knight- spinal instability, LBP, spinal surgery f.Taylor- spinal instability, LBP, spinal surgery |
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what is the use of the following LSO/TLSO?
Taylor Knight WIlliams Jewett Cash Dorsal lumbar corset |
g.Taylor Knight- spinal instability, LBP, spinal surgery
h.Williams- prevents hyperextesion i. Jewett- prevent flexion j. Cash - prevent flexion K. Dorsal-lumbar corset - spinal instability, LBP, spinal surgery |
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HIP SPICA
What is this used for and what does it help promote? |
special type of cast used to immobilize the hip joints and/or the thigh. Often used to promote healing of a damaged hip joint or fractured femur
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Trunk,hip, knee, ankle, foot... use of the following types?
Parawalker and RGO Craig Scott KAFO's Parapodium |
a. Parawalker and RGO-weak or paralyzed B LE (SCI)
b. Craig-Scott KAFO's- weak or paralyzed LE c. Parapodium-weak or paralyzed B LE- usually peds, spinal bifida, SCI |
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Ankle, foot Orthoses (AFO)... use of the following?
SMO/SAFO solid ankle AFO wrap around AFO |
a. SMO/SAFO- static movement orthosis; static AFO, just above malleolus
b. solid ankle AFO- limits all ankle motion c. wrap around AFO- spiral |
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Ankle, foot Orthoses (AFO)... use of the following?
Ground Reaction AFO Anterior AFO Inhibitive AFO |
e. ground reaction AFO- blocks ankle df and encourages hip and knee extension; crouched gait due to weakness of pf, but not due to increased tone
f. Anterior AFO g. Inhibitive AFO |
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Solid ankle AFO
does it allow movement? what is its use? |
No movement
use: severe pain or instability |
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AFO Posterior Leaf Spring (PLS)
what level of assist does it provide? where does it go and what does it prevent? |
-max, mod, min support
Inserts into the shoe Prevent foot drop, built in DF assist |
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AFO Posterior Leaf Spring (PLS)
when is it not useful? |
Not useful with: severe spasticity medal or lateral ankle instability
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Spiral AFO
how is it worn and what does it control? what is principle use? |
Wraps around calf limited control of motion in all planes
use: mediolateral instability |
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Foot Orthoses (FO)
Internal- where placed and example of? |
placed in the shoe
UCB |
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Foot Orthoses (FO)
External- how worn and example of? |
attached to the shoe
Heellift |
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A WHEELCHAIR is an example of what kind of orthosis?
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mobility orthosis
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are BRACES an orthotic?
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11.Although not a custom made orthotic, braces are orthotics
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Role of the PT/PTA with orthoses?
Assessment of... Facilitates Pt and family... Trains Pt and Family... |
assessment for the orthotic script and assessment of the orthoses
acceptance of the orthosis trains to don/doff, use, and maintain the device |
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how must an orthoses be prescribed?
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orthoses must be prescribed by the problems the Pt has not the diagnosis
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examples of possible orthotic candidates for:
AFO... |
CVA, peripheral neuropathy, positioning
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examples of possible orthotic candidates for :
KAFO |
complete paralysis of LE
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examples of possible orthotic candidates for :
Trunk/CO |
scoliosis, stabilization post surgery or injury
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when assisting with a prescription, important aspects to keep in mind:
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1. Pt family psychological status
2. caregiver limitations 3. pt/family lifestyle 4. joint mobility 5. limb length 6. motor function 7. sensation 8. upper limb strength |
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. Assessing the Orthosis
how should PTA view the device? |
should be viewed in standing, sitting and during gt (as appropriate)
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. Assessing the Orthosis
application should be without...? |
without pain or discomfort
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. Assessing the Orthosis
how long should orthosis be worn before assessing pressure points? |
30 minutes
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key points to look at when examining pressure points with the orthoses...
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a. look at the skin b. note red areas (circle with a pen) c. re-check areas after 20-30 minutes, the redness should resolve (if not contact orthotist) d. should never find red spots on bony prominences (contact orthotist) e. teach Pt / family to inspect for red areas
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WEARING SCHEDULE
how is it determined? |
to be determined according to MD's orders and Pt tolerance
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How does GROWTH impact an orthosis?
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important point to monitor with children to maintain good fit
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angle of ankle dorsi / plantar flexion important for knee control...
how is this done? |
this can be done by changing the AFO or the heel height of the shoe
1. at 90 degrees the knee jt is in neutral 2. in plantarfiexion the knee is hyperextended 3. in dorsiflexion the knee if flexed |
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With a KAFO, if it is installed while on a mat what must then be done?
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will need to be re-tightened when upright
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in what position should a LS or TLSO be installed?
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supine position for max compression
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GAIT TRAINING
What 3 points must be considered when working with a Pt with an orthosis |
Step ability- can Pt take steps with both feet?
Weightbearing and balance- Can pt weight bear and remain balanced? UE strength- can the patient push body off the floor with both hands? |
