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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How is the ECF volume regulated?
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Via Na excretion:
1) RAA 2) sympathetic NS 3) ANP 4) pressure natriuresis |
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How is osmolarity regulated?
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Via water exretion:
1) ADH |
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What bodily change is associated w/ postive Na balance?
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weight gain
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What is EABV and what does it correspond to?
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EABV = effective arterial blood volume
- usually corresponds to Pa and parallel changes in ECF volume * congestive heart failure is a specific case where ECF is increased and EABV is decreased |
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What happens in renal artery stenosis?
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decreased renal perfusion pressure due to stenosis - increase renin - increase AII - increase aldo - Na reabsorb - increase ECF - increase Pa (above normal - hypertention)
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What happens with an aldosterone tumor?
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increase aldo - increase Na reabsorb - increase ECF volume - increase Pa - decrease renin - decrease AII levels
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What are the 4 actions of AII?
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1) increase aldo
2) vasoconstriction 3) increase thirst 4) increase Na reabsorption in proximal tubule |
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What is the major Na regulating hormone?
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aldosterone - it acts on the principal cells of the late distal tubule and collecting duct inducing synthesis of Na channels - increase Na reabsorb - increase ECF vol, increase BV, increase Pa
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What are the 2 effects of the sympathetic NS in the kidney?
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decrease in Pa detected via carotid sinus baroreceptors:
1) constriction of afferent arterioles (decrease GFR, decrease filtration of Na)) 2) increase Na reabsorption in proximal tubule |
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How do hyperkalemia and hypokalemia affect aldosterone secretion?
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hyperkalemia - stimulates aldo
hypokalemia - inhibits aldo |
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What is the effect of prostaglandins on renin secretion?
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stimulates renin
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What is the effect of ANP on renin secretion?
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inhibits renin
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Where is ADH synthesized and where is it secreted?
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made in anterior hypothalamus
secreted from posterior pituitary |
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What are the two stimuli for ADH secretion and which is more potent?
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1) 1% increase in Posm
2) 10% decrease in blood volume (most powerful response - BP is protected above everything else!) |
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Are there any additonal stimuli for ADH other than blood volume and osmolarity?
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yes -
pain, nausea, AII, hypoglycemia, nicotine, opiates |
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What are other inhibitors of ADH?
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1) ethanol
2) ANP |
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What are ADH's main actions?
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1) increase water permeability in principle cells (via AQP2 and V2 receptor/Gs protein pathway)
2) contraction of vascular smooth muscle (via V1 receptor/IP3 and Ca pathway) 3) increase action of 3-ion transporter 4) increase urea permeability of inner medullary coll duct |
