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111 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where and when did the Greeks originally colonize the Rhone?
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Massalia (Marseilles) in 600 BC
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When did the Romans arrive in the Rhone and what were their influences?
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125 BC
Used the Rhone to ship Viennese vinum picatum to Rome Installed terracing |
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When did Pope Clement V move his court from Rome to Avignon? When did it move back to Rome?
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1309
1378 |
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What happened to the wine trade in the Rhone in the 17th century?
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Rhone wines were carried to the Loire and by the 18th century they were exported to England.
Many Bordeaux merchants blended the famous Hermitage wines to add body. |
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What was the first region in France to be struck by Phylloxera?
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Southern Rhone in 1863
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Who was the Baron du Roy?
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Baron of Chateauneuf-du-Pape and started wine laws in 1923 to prevent fraud. Eventually became basis of AOC laws and Chateauneuf-du-Pape became the first AOC.
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What is the climate of the Northern Rhone?
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Continetal
Mistral from the Massif Central in winter and spring dries vineyards |
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What are the soils and aspect of the Northern Rhone
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Steep slopes with heat-retaining granite and schist soils - many vineyards in Cote-Rotie, Condrieu and Hermitage are carved out of bedrock.
Fine sand is prone to erosion, although Condrieu has rich decomposed mica known as arzelle. Clay soils dominate in the southern part of the northern Rhone |
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What are the grape varietals of the Northern Rhone?
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Viognier
Roussane Marsanne Syrah |
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What is Taille en Archet?
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Vine staking to protect against le Mistral.
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What are the typical notes of Syrah from the Northern Rhone?
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Savory notes of smoke, grilled meat, olive, lavender, peppercorn, bacon fat, teriyaki.
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What are foudres?
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150 HL or greater oak casks used to ferment and age wine in the Rhone.
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What are the main appellations for the Northern Rhone?
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Cote Rotie
Condrieu Chateau Grillet St Joseph Hermitage Crozes-Hermitage Cornas St Peray |
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What is co-fermentation and why is it used in the Northern Rhone?
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Fermentation of different varietals together. For the blend of whites and reds in the Rhone, it stabilizes red wine color and moderates tannin extraction.
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What are the allowed varietals in Cote Rotie?
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Red - Syrah with 20% Viognier
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What are the allowed varietals in Condrieu?
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White - Viognier
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What is Chateu Grillet?
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Small appellation on Condrieu that is 100% Viognier
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What are the allowed varietals in St Joseph?
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Red - Syrah with 10% Marsanne/Roussanne
White - Marsanne/Roussanne |
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What are the allowed varietals in Hermitage?
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Red - Syrah with up to 15% Marsanne/Roussanne
White - Marsanne/Roussanne Hermitage is a prominent hill |
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What are the allowed varietals in Crozes-Hermitage?
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Red - Syrah with up to 15% Marsanne/Roussanne
White - Marsanne/Roussanne |
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What are the allowed varietals in Cornas?
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Syrah only
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What are the allowed varietals in St Peray?
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Sparkling wines from Roussanne/Marsanne
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Describe Cote Rotie AOP.
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Northernost appellation in Northern Rhone
Steep vineyards, 55 degrees Rises up a southeasterly aspect behind Ampuis. 2 Slopes near Apuils are most famous (Cote Brune and Cote Blonde) |
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Describe Hermitage
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Prominent hill near Tain-l'Hermitage.
Produces rich reds. |
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Describe Cornas AOP?
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Typically rustic wines slow to develop in the bottle.
Warmest vineyards of Northern Rhone Naked granite soil Relatively shielded from le mistral. Use of demi-muids (600 L barrels) |
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Describe St-Joseph
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Variable wines, with appellation's borders greatly enlarged from commune of Tournon-sur-Rhone.
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Describe the sparkling wines of St Peray.
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Methode traditionelle mousseux
Often blended Roussanne adds acidity and waxy minerality Marsanne adds broader, oily texture and marzipan character |
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What is vin de paille?
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Apassimento dessert wine from Hermitage.
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What are the smaller appellations in the Northern Rhone?
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Coteaux de Die
Cremant de Die Clairette de Die Chatillon-en-Diois |
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Describe Condrieu.
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Small appellation for Viognier with widely varying styles.
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What is Cremant de Die?
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MT wine made near Die in the northern Rhone mostly from Clairette but can have Aligote, Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains
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What is Coteaux de Die?
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White wine appellation from Clairette in the northern Rhone
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What is special about Clairette de Die?
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Can be made MT (100% Clairette) with 15g/l or Methode Dioise Ancestrale (25% Clairette/75% Muscat a Petit Grans) which has tank disgorgement and then rebottled without disgorgement and with 35 g/l
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What is Chatillon-en-Diois?
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Anomalous AOP in the Rhone with Gamay based reds and roses and whites based on Aligote and Chardonnay
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Describe the climate of the Southern Rhone. |
Mediterranean with mistral and sirocco. Hot summers with large diurnal swings and heavy autumn rains with mild winters. |
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What is garrigue?
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Scrubland of the southern Rhone.
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Describe the soils of the Southern Rhone.
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Alluvium over limestone. Lots of sand, gravel and clay along with quartzite galets.
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What are the white grapes of the Southern Rhone?
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Roussanne
Clairette Picpoul Bourboulenc Grenache Blanc |
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What are the red grapes typically found in the Southern Rhone
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Syrah
Grenache Mourvedre Cinsault Counoise Terret Noir Vaccarese Muscardin |
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What are the main appellations for the Southern Rhone?
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Cotes-du-Rhone
Cotes-du-Rhone Villages Tavel Chateauneuf-due-Pape Gigondas Vacqueyras Lirac Beaumes-de-Venise Vinsobres Rasteau Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise |
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What is special about Chateauneuf-du-Pape?
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Can be made with 13 different grapes, with whites only, reds or even 100% of certain varietals.
Must have 12.5% alcohol (highest in all of France) Large area with 300 hectares Some foudres, some bottling on demand, some carbonic, some barrique |
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Describe Gigondas
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Elevated from CDRV in 1971
Reds and roses with min 50% max 80% Grenache (and typically Syrah/Mourvedre - other varietals are 10% of plantings max) |
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Describe Vacqueyras
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Elevated from CDRV in 1990
Reds from Grenache blends with Syrah, Mourvedre, Clairette and Bourboulenc |
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Describe Beaumes-de-Venise and Vinsobres
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Elevated in 2005 and 2006 from CDRV.
Min 50% Grenache |
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Describe Lirac
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Red, white and roses from Grenach Noir and Blanc
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Describe Tavel
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Only communal appellation in France dedicated to Rose
Grenache-based |
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What is Muscat de Baumes-de-Venise?
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Vin Doux Naturel
Produced through mutage where grape spirit is added to arrest fermentation Frech and aromatic Grapes - Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains and Muscat Rouge a Petits Grains |
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What is Rasteau?
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Vin Doux Naturel produced through mutage
More tawny flavors Ambre- white aged min 3 yrs Tuile - red aged min 3 yrs Hors d'age min 5 yrs Fresh - blanc and grenat Rancio - deliberately oxidized style Grapes Blanc - Grenache Blanc and Grenache Gris Ambre - Grenache, Grenache Gris, Grenache Blanc Rouge - Min 75 Grenache, plus Grenache Blanc and Gris All can have accessory varieties |
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What is significant about the Grignan-les-Adhemar AOP?
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Northernmost Southern Rhone AOP. Renamed in 2010 because used to share a name with the troubled Tricastin nuclear power plant.
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What are the minor AOPs of the Southern Rhone?
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Côtes du Vivarais
Luberon Ventoux Pierrevert Costières de Nîmes Clairette de Bellegarde |
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What are the famous estates of Chateauneuf-du-Pape?
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Chateau de Beaucastel Rouge (Mourvedre + 12 other varietals)
Chateau Rayas (100% Grenache) Chateau La Nerthe (First estate CNDP in 1785) |
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Describe the climate of Provence |
Mediterranean, warm and dry |
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What is the major appellation and wine of Provence?
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Cotes de Provence
75% of all Provence wine Rose with a minimum of 20% saignee Must be a blend of 2 varieties (typically Cinsault, Grenache, Mourvedre, Syrah and local garrigue-scented Tibouren) |
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What is the name of the traditional bottle of Provence?
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Skittle
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What are the three sub-zone designations for the Cotes de Provence? Can they have reds or whites or roses?
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La Londe
Sainte-Victorie Frejus Rose and Reds |
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What is Bandol?
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Appellation with Provence
Rose Whites from Clairette Red blends 50% Mourvedre (Grenache, Cinsault, Syrah, Carignan) with a min 18 months in oak - plummy, dense, animal |
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What is Les Baux de Provence AOP?
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Former subappellation of Coteaux d'Aix-en-Provance
Warm hilltop appellation protected from Mistral Reds and Rose from Grenache, Syrah and Cinsault 2011 added whites based on Grenache Blanc, Clairette, Vermentino and Roussanne |
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What are Cassis, Palette, Bellett and Coteaux Varois en Provance?
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Appellations within Provence
Produce wines from all three colors |
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What is significant about the Cotes de Provence AOP
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In flux with a lot of new regulations about encepagement making some producers resort to Vin de Pays
Only area outside of Bordeaux to publish a listing of Grand Cru Classe estates - 23 originally in 1955 |
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What are the AOPs of Provence?
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Codes de Provence
Coteaux d'Aix-en-Provence Les Baux de Provence Coteaux Varois en Provence Bandol Bellet Cassis Palette |
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What are the AOPs of Corsica?
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Vin de Corse
Muscat du Cap Corse Patrimonio Ajaccio |
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What are the grapes of Corsica?
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Carignan
Alicante Bouschet Nielluccio (Sang variant) Sciarello Vermentino Grenache Barbarossa Ugni Blanc Many other Rhone Grapes |
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What are the grapes in Vin de Corse AOP?
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Nielluccio, Sciarello, Grenache, Barbaross and other Rhone Grapes for reds and roses
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What are the grapes in white Vin de Corse?
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Vermentino
Ugni Blanc |
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What is the VDN of Corsica?
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Muscat du Cap Corse
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What are the AOPs of the Eastern Languedoc?
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Berlou (Red)
Clairette de Bellegarde Clairette de Languedoc Coteaux du Languedoc Pic Saint Loup Costeres di Nimes Faugeres (Red) Languedoc (R/W/R) Muscat de Frontignan (W/Fort) Muscat de Lunel Muscat de Mireval Roquebrun (Red) St-Chinan (R/W/R) |
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What are the AOPs of the Western Languedoc?
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Cabardes (R/R)
Cotes de Malepere (Red) Corberes (Red) Corberes-Boutenac (Red) Fitou (Red) La Clape Languedoc Limoux (W/Spark) Malepere (R/R) Minervois (Red/W/R) Minervois La Liviniere (Red) Muscat de St-Jean Minervois (W/Fort) Rivesaltes |
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What are the AOPS of Roussillon?
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Banyuls Grand Cru (Red/Fort)
Banyuls (Red/Fort) Collioure (Red) Cotes de Roussillon Cotes de Roussillon-Villages (Red) Maury (W/Red) Muscat de Rivesaltes (W/Fort) Rivesaltes (W/Red) |
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Where are most of the quality AOPs in the Languedoc?
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Western
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What are the two districts of the Fitou AOP? What are their wines like?
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Maritime
Montagneux Carignan dominated |
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The Fitou AOP is a sub-AOP of what?
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Corbieres AOP
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What are the sub-zones of Corbieres AOP?
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Fitou
Corbieres-Boutenac All based on Carignan |
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What is the encepagement of Cabardes AOP in the Languedoc?
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Grenache, Syrah and Bordeauxs
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What is the encepagement of Malepere? WHen was it elevated?
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Min 50% Merlot and Cab Franc
2006 |
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What are the two sub-zones of St-Chinian?
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Berlou
Roquebrun |
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What are the varietals for Limoux?
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Still Red - Merlot
Still White - Chard, Chenin, Mauzac (fermented in oak) Blanquette - min 90% Mauzac Cremant - Max 20% Mauzac and PN (otherwise Chard & Pinot Blanc) |
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What are the prominent sub-appellations for Languedoc AOP? How many are there in total?
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Terrasses du Larzac
La Clape Pic-St-Loup 16 |
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What is the typical blend for a Languedoc AOP red?
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min 50% combined Grenache, Syrah, Mourvedre and Lladoner Pelut, but makeup varies by sub-appellation
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What are the fortified wine appellations of the Languedoc?
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Muscat de Mireval
Muscat de Lunel Muscat de St-Jean-de-Minervois Muscat de Frontignan |
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What percentage of France's fortified wines are made in the Roussillon?
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Over 90%
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What is the largest producing fortified wine AOP in the Roussillon and what are it's styles?
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Rivesaltes AOP
VDN Ambre, tuile (oxidized and released March 1 3rd year after harvest) Grenat (aged reductively 1 year and released after March 1st on 2nd year) Rose Hors d'Age (5 years min) |
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What are bonbonnes?
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Glass containers used to age wine in Roussillon
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What are the allowed grapes in Rivesaltes AOP?
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Grenache (Noir/Gris/Blanc)
Maccabeo Tourbat Muscat of Alexandria Muscat a Petit Grans When using muscat only may be named Muscat de Rivesaltes AOP |
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What is mutage?
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Adding spirit to create VDL or VDN
Invented in 13th century in Rivesaltes by Arnaud de Villeneuve in 13th century |
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What are other important VDNs in France?
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Maury (range in styles from Grenache N/B/G)
Banyuls (at least 50% Grenache N) Banuyls Grand Cru (at least 75% Grenache N) |
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What AOP releases unfortified Banyuls wines?
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Collioure AOP
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What types of wines are in Maury AOP?
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VDN
Dry red allowed as of 2011 |
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What is Cotes du Roussillon Les Aspres AOP?
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Syrah and Mourvedre based red wines
Elevated in 2003 |
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What is Cotes du Roussillon-Villages AOP?
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Red wines of 32 communes to the north of Les Aspres
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What is the overall classification for the Languedoc?
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Vin de Pays d'Oc
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What is Bergerac AOP?
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Region in the SW of France
Produces R/W/R from Bordeaux varieties Sec denotes dry whites |
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What is Cotes de Bergerac AOP?
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Similar to Bergerac but requries higher minimum alcohol.
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What is Pecharmant AOP?
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Produces longest lived reds in Bergerac from Cab Franc, Sav, Merlot and Cot
Must have at least 3 varieties and no grape may be more than 65% |
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What are the sweet wines of Bergerac AOP?
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Monbazillac (most noted, botrytised with multiple tries)
Saussignac Rosette Haut-Montravel Cotes de Montravel |
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What are the AOPs of Bergerac?
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Bergerac
Cotes de Bergerac Pecharmant Monbazillac Saussignac Rosette Haut-Montravel Cotes de Montravel Montravel |
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What is Montravel AOP?
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In Bergerac, produces dry whites and reds
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What is Cahors AOP?
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AOP in SW France
On Lot river Min 70% Malbec with Tannat and Merlot |
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What is Madrian AOP?
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AOP in Gascogny
Very tannic wines 60-80 Tannat, plus Cab Franc, Cab Sav and Fer |
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Who invented micro-oxygenation?
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Patrick Ducournau in the early 1990s to soften Tannat in Madrian
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What is Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh AOP?
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Semi-sweet and sweet wines from Madrian in the Pyrenees
Petit Manseng, Petit Courbu, Arrufiac |
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What is the significance of the Gaillac AOP?
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Vineyards are among the oldest in France, founded by the Romans.
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Name the Four Lieu-Dits of Cornas: |
1 - Les Ryenards 2 - La Cote 3 - Les Chaillot 4 - Les Mazards |
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Which of Guigal's top three wines is not named for a vineyard? |
La Turque the others are La Mordoree and La Ladonne |
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When do the Papacy give up control of Chateauneuf du Pape? |
1971 - The French Revolution |
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Varietal Requirements for Cote-Rotie? |
Syrah, with up to 20% Viognier allowed |
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Varietal requirements for Cornas? |
Syrah, 100% |
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What are the two top vineyards in the Cote Rotie and what is the village they are associated with? |
Cote Blonde Cote Burne
Ampuis |
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1971 - how many acres of Cote Rotie vineyards? |
173 acres (70 ha)
By 2006, 555 acres (225 acres) |
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Percentage of white wine production in CDP? |
7% |
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Who are the big four of the Northern Rhone? |
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The L'Hermite Vineyard:
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