Reformation

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Savonarola (1452-1498),

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the preacher of St. Marco, before large crowds railed (John the Baptist style) against corruption and lose moral. He did not spare Lorenzo de' Medici the de facto ruler of France. He predicted his death in 1492. Eventually he got in a conflict with great Alexander VI and he was excommunicated him in 1497. One year later he was executed by hanging in Florence.

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Cardinal Ximemenez & Complutensian Polygolt (1514-1517)

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Cardinal Ximemenez Professor of Queen Isabella produced the Complutensian Polygolt (1514-1517) in Spain. it content the old testament in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin. It opened a new world of biblical study which Erasmus and other embraced.

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John Colet

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stirred Erasmus to study Christianity and not the classics.

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Jacques Lefevre d’ Etaples

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produced a France translation of the New Testament, opening up the Bible to the general public. Many people were able to read the Bible for the first time in their heart Language. He was a pre-Luther.

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1497 the Oratory of Divine

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Love emphasis the practice of piety and care for the poor. They were the forerunner of Mother Theresa. They opened hospitals for patients suffering for incurable diseases such as syphilis which was wide spread at that time. They also preached against the corruption of the church. they called the prostitutes to repent along with the papal courts.

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The Theatines (1524):

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they called for a recovery of the ascetic ideal. They called upon Pope Paul IV to reveal the Papacy of abuses

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The Capuchins (1529):

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revile among the Franciscan led rise to the Capuchins. They followed in their founder, St. Francis, foot-steps and did open air preaching.

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The Ursulines (1535):

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Six years later a teaching order of virgins called the Ursulines formed and tired to organize a more serious order of religious women then they found elsewhere.

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Popes Leo X, Paul III and IV, Pius IV

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encouraged and embraced moral and political reforms within the church. Paul the III convened the Council of Trent.

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1. Three provocations drive home the emerging reality of schisms within the western church throughout the reformation and ensure the counter-reformation would be attempted.

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a. First Provocation: The Light City Disputation; Luther first articulates what would be the formal basis of the Reformation. the first of the reformation’s solis. Soli Scriptura. Luther said that, “I will not submit to council, my conscious is captive to the word alone.”
b. Second provocation-Material bases of the reformation: Luther’s rejection to any fallacies outside the word of God was the unisource material basis of the reformation. The material basis of the reformation seeks to answer question, “when your conscious is captive to the word of God alone, what will you find in that work? What does it say? The answer was that: God justifies sinners by grace alone (soli graitas) through faith alone (soli fide) in Jesus Christ alone (soli christus). This is the material basis of the reformation.
c. Third provocation: the papacy was antichrist. Luther said they were the antichrist

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norma Normans

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(the normal norm). Meaning the norm by which all other norms including tradition must be judged.

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Jaroslav Pelikan

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“the catholic church was composed of the western church plus the eastern church. That was the catholic church.”

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Martin Chemnitz (1586)

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Lutherian theologian showed that Roman Catholicism, tri-unity Catholicism mistook the tradition and the very act of the things in tradition.

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War of the Roses (1455-1487)

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was a series of bloody dynastic civil wars between supporters of the rival houses of Lancaster and York, for the throne of England. They were at war fighting at the throne of England. These wars took place between 1455-1487. The war ended with the victory of Lancasterian, the Earl of Richmond, Henry Tudor, who founded the House of Tudor. The house of Tudor was founded and established by monarchy in the rule of England and Wales for 116 years. It was not until the rise of Puritanism, in the next century, would reform in England begin to mirror the continental reform efforts of Luther in Vitin Burg, and Calvin in Geneva, or the rebellion in France.

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King Henry the 8th and Catherine of Aragon

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Something like an English reformation was put on the English church in 1526 when Pope Clement the 7th refused to annul the royal marriage between

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Ann Boleyn

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Henry wanted to annul the marriage because he wanted to marry Ann Boleyn and he needed a male heir.

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Catherine of Aragon

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bore to Henry five or seven children including two sons who died. One daughter did survive here name was Mary.

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Cardinal Thomas Wolsey

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Before Wolsey’s elect elevation of Cardinal, he served in varied political post including acting as chancellor where he served as an advisor to Henry. He was often called the alter rex meaning the other King. The perception of his power was great because of his intimacy with the king.

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Thomas Canmer (1489-1556)

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the archbishop of Canterbury.

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Act of Supremacy (1534).

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England is now an empire and the King acknowledge no responsibility to the bishop of Rome. I Henry am the supreme head of England.

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Edward VI (1547-1553)

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his nine years old son Edward VI (1547-1553) his only son born to Henry by Jane Seymore (July 10-July 19, 1553).

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Cranmer

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Cranmer did prepare 42 Articles (1549-1552) that would become the precursor to the 39 Articles which is the doctrinal standard of the church of England. The Book of Common Prayer appeared in two version in 1549-1552 both mainly composed from the work of Canmer.

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Mary,

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1553-1558, Mary, Henry’s first born, ascended to the throne. On july 19,1553, she became the first queen on the throne and she was catholic. She tried with little success to drag the church back under the papal rule. One official document records that 288 persons were burned at the stake under bloody Mary’s reign.

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Elizabeth I (1558-1603

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Two years later, Mary was succeeded by her half sister Elizabeth I (1558-1603). She was the constant politician diplomat. Her chief concern was the peace and tranquility of the land. Because of that goal she sided for Protestantism and effected the Elizabeth settlement which was marked by moderation and ambiguity. She did not call herself the supreme head as Herny did but as governor of the church of England. The real document of the Elizabeth settlement was the 39 Articles. It was a Calvinistic document but with ambiguity and elasticity on certain points.

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Sacramentalism

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there is a spiritual benefits that is covey.it is the transfer from the divine power to the object.

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Ubiquity

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the body of X: Jesus is everywhere

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communicatio idiomatium

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The deity and humanity of Christ reside in the one person of Chirst in such a way that everything that belongs to the deity somehow is shared with the humanity and vice versa.

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Donatists

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The traditores handed over the scriptures under the persecution of Diocletian. Augustine responded by saying that the church is composed of saints and sinners. Augustine was very important as to the doctrine of grace, the church and doctrine of the trinity.

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ordo salutis

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order of salvation

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Gottschalk

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He was a Benedictine theologian who defended the Augustinian doctrine of predestination for which he was condemned and imprisoned. Gottschalk begins to use more harsh language that God picked you to damnation and he picked others for salvation.

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Theodore Beza (1519-1605).

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successor Theodore Beza (1519-1605). With Beza the era of reformed scholasticism. He was a devoted student of Calvin, but he was different in many ways in his approach. He was more scholastic and more philosophical. His view of the Scriptures: he approached the Bible as a book of prepositions. Unlike Calvin, predestination was the starting point for his theology. He put it in the section of the doctrine of God not in the doctrine of the Christian life. he crystallized the doctrine of limited atonement theology although Calvin was not very strong on that point. Beza made this doctrine part of the reformation tenants. Unlike Calvin, assurance for Beza was based on our good works. Gain you assurance by fruit inspection; know the tree by its fruit. The way of Beza’ orthodox teaching lead to a controversy of superalapsariansim verse infralapsarianism.

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superalapsariansim

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In superalapsariansim: elect, create, permit fall, send Christ, send holy spirit.
superalapsariansim is all about, getting God off the hook.

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infralapsarianism

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Infra: create, permit fall, elect some, send Christ, send Holy Spirit.
infralapsarianism, God is sitting back saying that he is going to have him some elect and reprobate.

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Jacobus Arminius (1560-1609)

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was a Dutch Reformed theologian: he studied for a time at Geneva under Beza. He was a 3rd generation reformer deeply into reformed scholasticism. He was very glowing of Calvin. Calvin was his favorite exegete and commenter. But he did not like certain things that he found in Calvin. He especially did not like things that he thought were done with Calvin after his death. A year after Arminius died, his follower complied his writings. It is an internal intra-Calvinist controversy. Arminius thinks of himself as a good Calvinist. Arminism is the child of Calvin, and Calvinism is the father of Arminism. The fifth one is Synod of Dort (1618-1619). Dort is the response to Arminism eight years later.

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Synod of Dort (1618-1619).

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Dort is the response to Arminism eight years later.

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The Remonstrance of 1610

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had five points. The Remonstrance comes first then Synod of Dort (1618-1619). This is the charter document for Arminism although Arminius never saw it. The TULIP is a mnemonic to organize the canons of Dort. Dort responded to the Remonstrance position with five points of its own. The reason a tulip is used is because it is the flower of Holland. It is a device designed for English speakers. The tulip is not in the order of points in the Remonstrance. It is not in the order of tulip. It is in a different order. Total depravity, unconditional election, limited atonement, irresistible grace, and perseverance of the saints. The T and the I are the most distorted as representations of what Dort taught: