Reformantion And Religious Wars

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Pluralism

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Holding office in more than one church. Usually by wealthy nobles or bourgeoisie.

Was recognized as corruption because the religious office holders would not fulfill their duties.

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Thomas Moore

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Northern Humanist who criticized the Church.

Worked with Erasmus to push for a reformation within the Church and sparked the later reformations.

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Erasmus

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Northern Humanist who recognized the corruption of the Church.

Advocated for an internal reformation of the Church and influenced later Protestant reformers.

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Martin Luther

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Was a reformer who directly states the flaws of the Church and looked down on its practices.

Sparked a major Reform that split the Catholic Church and also creates the Lutheran religion.

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John Tetzel

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A indulgence seller.

Actively went out and promoted the sale of indulgences out in public in Germany.

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Justification

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The means of why you should be saved.

Catholics believes in good works, scripture, and the Churches authority. But Protestants believes in justification by faith alone.

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95 These

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Luther wrote 95 things that were wrong with the saw of indulgences.

Gained a wide following of Germans who disliked the Church and is the start of the Reformation.

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Diet of Worms (1521)

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Meeting where Luther admitted to his beliefs and was excommunicated by the Catholic Church.

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Ulrich Zwingli

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A reformer of Switzerland who started by preaching the gospel to the public.

Led the Reformation in Switzerland that made it a NonCatholic nation. Erupted in war against the Catholics and ultimately ended in his death.

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Pope Leo X

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He was the Renaissance Pope and praised the arts and lived a lavish lifestyle. Pope at the time of Luther's reform efforts.

Excommunicated Luther and approved of indulgences to find for projects on Rome.

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League or Schmalkalden

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League of 11 German prices who banded together against the the Catholic King Charles.

Maintained the fragmentation from the Roman Catholic Church and made the German states more powerful.

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Indulgences

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Sold in return for a reduced time in purgatory or forgiveness of sins.

They funded for the Church and sparked outrage among the Protestants.

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John Calvinist

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Reformer in Geneva who states a religion of Calvinism.

Made Geneva into a very strict and religious territory with a theocracy.

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Predestination

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The idea that God has already determined who is going to heaven or hell.

Was the basis for Calvinism and differentiated it from Lutheranism.

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Geneva

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The city that followed the very strict and rigid religious laws. Ran by a religious government.

Was established by John Calvin and implemented first theocracy.

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Charles V

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Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain. Was very Catholic and lead a Catholic Counter Reform.

Had to compete with the threat of rising Protestantism, invaders, and a difficult papacy. Was unsuccessful in reunifying the Catholic Church.

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Ignatius Loyola

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Founded the Militant Jesuits.

Were the group who actually went out into the foreign lands to spread Catholicism, and established a very popular school system that dominated Europe's education system.

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Council of Trent

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Meeting where Catholic ideals were reaffirmed and distinguished from "heresies."

Established the list of Forbidden Books, ended sale of indulgences, and reaffirmed what they disagreed on with Protestants.

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Society of Jesus

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Jesuits; militant style group who obeyed the Church and spread Catholicism.

Went to Asia and dorm read Catholicism there and established a disciplined school system in Europe.

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Catholic Reformation

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Reformation within the Church to combat Protestantism.

Eliminated sale of indulgences, assured for qualified religious officials, and made papacy less corrupt.

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Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day

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The massacre of thousands of Huguenots in Paris by the Guise family.

Sparked the civil war between the Catholics and Huguenots of France.

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French Wars of Religion

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The French Civil wars that were originally for religious purposes.

It ended up being a battle for power for the crown. Huguenots and Catholics both lost many but the Bourbon took power and made France. Catholic nation with tolerance for other religions.

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Huguenots

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French Calvinists

Led by the Bourbon, the Huguenots fought against the Catholics for power of France. They were cruelly murdered by the Catholics on various occasions,

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Henry IV

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Henry of Navarre. Originally a Calvinist.

Took power after Henry III was assassinated and led the Bourbon. However Bourbon remained in power but turned Catholic.

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Act of Supremacy

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Made the monarch of England the head of Church in England.

Separated England from the Church and they no longer had to follow the rules or pay anything to the Roman Catholic Church.

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Mary Tudor (Bloody Mary)

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First daughter of Henry IV the and became queen of England.

Tried to reestablish Catholicism in England but was unsuccessful.

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Elizabeth I

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Second daughter of Henry IV. Became queen of England after Mary.

Led England through an peaceful time and also an economic and cultural revival in England.

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Anglican

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The Church of England eventually became the Anglican Church.

The Anglican Church developed its own beliefs and ideals. It became the official Church of England .

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Phillip II

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Successor of Charles V and King of Spain.

Led the unsuccessful Spanish Armada and had several failures in attempt to expand Catholicism. Only succeeded in reaffirming Catholicism in Spain.

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Edward VI

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Only son of Henry VIII.

Became king of England and during his very short reign his Protestant advisors were able to implement their Protestant beliefs into decision making of England.

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Henry VIII

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King of England who implemented the Act of Supremacy.

Was able to sever England from any connection to the Pope or the Roman Catholic Church and was able to make England prosper.

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Edict of Nantes

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Treaty that ended the religious disagreement of France.

Allowed religious tolerance of both Calvinism and Catholicism.