Reform Part 2

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Oneida Community:

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utopian commune. incorporated Communalism (in the sense of communal property and possessions), Complex Marriage, Male Continence, Mutual Criticism and Ascending Fellowship

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Margaret Fuller

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a journalist, critic and women's rights activist.

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Mother Ann Lee

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a member of the Shakers; who, during the 1770s, emigrated to Watervliet, New York. She was born in Manchester, England; and died in Watervliet.

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Shakers:

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an offshoot of the Religious Society of Friends (or Quakers) that originated in Manchester, England in the early 18th century

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Mormons:

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had its origin during the early part of the nineteenth century.
Joseph Smith, the founder

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Joseph Smith:

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spend the next two-and-a-half years translating the Book of Mormon into English.

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Brigham Young

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American religious leader, early head of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints,

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Burned-Over District":

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a name given by evangelist Charles Grandison Finney to an area in western New York State in the United States of America

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American Temperance Society

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created in 1826. By 1834 the Society boasted five thousand local chapters and a national membership of one million.

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Female Moral Reform Society

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a women's organization in the Latter Day Saint movement

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Sylvester Graham:

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: preached on temperance and stressed whole-wheat flour and vegetarian diets

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phrenology:

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the study of the structure of the skull to determine a person's character and mental capacity.

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William Morton:

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responsible for the first successful public demonstration of ether as an inhalation anesthetic

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Horace Mann:

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American education reformer and abolitionist, was born in Franklin, Massachusetts

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McGuffey Reader

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central to a child’s education, not only for its content, but the way it was used to build skills.

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The "Benevolent Empire":

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A complete structure of church and parachurch organizations

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Dorothea Dix:

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ideas about psychiatric treatment to successfully lobby almost every State legislature to create asylums for the insane

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Angelina & Sarah Grimké

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were 19th Century Quakers, educators and writers who were early advocates of abolitionism and women's rights.

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Catharine Beecher:

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a very active supporter for the cause of women's education
Harriet Beecher Stowe: an abolitionist, and writer of more than 10 books, the most famous being Uncle Tom's Cabin which describes life in slavery

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Louisa May Alcott

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an American novelist, best known for the novel Little Women (1868).

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Little Women:

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a novel by Louisa May Alcott published on September 30, 1868, concerning the lives and loves of four sisters

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Lucretia Mott

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the first major American women's activist in the early 1800s and is credited as the first "feminist

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Lucy Stone

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: an American suffragist, the wife of abolitionist Henry Brown Blackwell
Elizabeth Cady Stanton: a social activist and a leading figure of the early women's rights movement in the United States

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Susan B. Anthony

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: an American civil rights leader who, along with Elizabeth Cady Stanton, led the effort to grant women the right to vote in the United States.

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Seneca Falls Convention:

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the first women's rights convention held in the United States, and as a result is often called the birthplace of the feminist movement.

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American Colonization Society:

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: founded a colony on the coast of West Africa — Liberia, in 1820 — and transported free black people there

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David Walker:

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a black abolitionist

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William Lloyd Garrison:

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favored an immediate end to slavery.

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The Liberator

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: an abolitionist newspaper founded in 1831 by William Lloyd Garrison

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American Anti-Slavery Society:

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founded by William Lloyd Garrison and Arthur Tappan

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Frederick Douglass:

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the most prominent African-Americans of his time

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Harriet Tubman

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: Black Moses, was an African-American freedom fighter

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Underground Railroad:

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a network of clandestine routes by which African slaves in the 19th century United States attempted to escape to free states

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Amistad Case (1839

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Africans who had mutinied on a Spanish slave ship were being tried for piracy and murder on the high seas

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Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842):

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a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that Federal law is superior to State law, and overturned the conviction of Edward Prigg as a result

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Uncle Tom's Cabin:

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a novel by American abolitionist author Harriet Beecher Stowe which treats slavery as a central theme

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Liberty Party:

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succeeded in placing slavery on the national political agenda

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James G. Birney:

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an American presidential candidate for the Liberty Party

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"personal liberty" laws

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: statutes designed to prevent slave owners from reclaiming slaves who had escaped to the free states.

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"Free Soil" movement

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a position taken by northern citizens and politicians in the 19th century advocating that all new U.S. territory be closed to slavery