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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Primitive or primary and tonic reflexes
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-present at birth
-are integrated into complex behavior as the CNS matures -are for survival, protection, initiation of movement |
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Prehensile reactions
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-are for the development of grasp & release motions of the hand eventually developing into manipulation skills
-persist throughout life |
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Righting reactions
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-orient the body to the upright position in space.
-persist throughout life. |
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Equilibrium reactions
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-orient the body to movement in space.
-detect changes in the center of gravity. -are protective in nature. |
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Rooting reflex
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-Stim of the corners of the mouth result in head turning towards the stim side.
-Mouth opening & tongue searching may also occur. -Appears at 28 weeks gestation -integrates about 3-4 months. |
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Sucking reflex
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- infant will suck rhythmically upon insertion of a nipple into the infant’s mouth.
- Appears at 28 weeks gestation -integrates about 3-4 months. |
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Moro reflex
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- A sudden drop of the head/body will result initially in ABD of the shoulders & EXT of the elbows, fingers & back then a movement back towards midline.
-Appears at 28 weeks gestation -integrates about 3-4 months. |
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Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR)
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-Upon ROT of the head, the infant will extend arm and leg on the “face” side and flex arm and leg on the “skull” side.
-Appears at birth -integrates about 3-4 months. |
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Symmetrical tonic neck reflex (STNR)
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-In the prone position, the infant will extend arm & flex legs upon neck EXT.
-will flex her arms & extend legs upon neck flexion. - May or may not be present at birth -should appear about 0-3mnths -integrates about 6 months. |
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Tonic labyrinthine reflex (TLR)
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- In the prone position, the flexor muscles are facilitated.
-In the supine position, the extensor muscles are facilitated. - Appears at birth -integrates at 6 months |
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Galant reflex
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- While prone, the infant will curve his trunk away from a tactile stim running on his back just lateral to midline.
-Appears at 32 weeks gestation -integrates about 2-3 months. |
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Palmar grasp reflex
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-infant will flex fingers around an object placed on the ulnar side of palm.
-Appears at birth - integrates about 3-4 months. |
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Plantar grasp reflex
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-infant will flex his toes upon stim along the metatarsals of the foot.
-Appears at 28 weeks gestation -integrates about 9-10 months. |
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Flexor withdrawl reflex
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-infant will flex hips & knees & dorsiflex ankle upon a noxious stim to the sole of foot.
-Appears at 28 weeks gestation - integrates about 2 months. |
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Crossed extension reflex
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-When the sole of the foot on an extended leg is stimulated, the opp. leg will initially flex then EXT & ADD
-Appears at 28 weeks gestation -integrates about 1 month. |
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Standing reflex
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- When the infant is held vert over a surface, extensor tone will incr. in legs & trunk upon contact w/ a flat surface upon feet.
-Appears at 35 weeks gestation - integrates between 1-6 mnths. |
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Placing response
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-infant will place foot on top of a table top surface when the dorsum of the foot is stim by the underside edge of a table.
-also occurs in the hand. -Appears at 35 weeks gestation -integrates about 6 months. |
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Stepping reflex
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-When the infant is held in a weight bearing, slightly forward position & gently moved forward, the infant will rhythmically alternate steps in a heel to toe gait pattern.
-Appears at 37 weeks gestation -integrates between 1-6 months. |
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Palmar grasp reflex
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-When the infant is held in a weight bearing, slightly forward position & gently moved forward, the infant will rhythmically alternate steps in a heel to toe gait pattern.
-Appears at 37 weeks gestation -integrates between 1-6 months. |
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Traction reflex
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- supine position, the infant will exhibit a total UE flexor pattern when stretched toward the sitting position w/ shoulder FLEX and ADD
-Appears at 28 weeks gestation -integrates about 2-3 months. |
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Avoidance response
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- infant will withdraw & open hand following a light tactile stimulus to the hand.
-Appears at birth -integrates at 1-2 months. |
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Instinctual grasp
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- infant will grope after a stimulus/object following stim to the hand by the stimulus or object.
- appears about 4-5 months - persists through life. |
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Labyrinthine righting (neck righting)
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-infant will right head to the VERT position while being displaced ANT, POST & LAT
-Appears about 3-4 months -persists through life. |
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Neck on Body Righting (NOB)
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- While supine & following neck ROT, infant will ROT & roll w/ trunk towards the direction of the neck ROT.
-NOB appears non-segmental (body moves as one) then later the body movements are segmental. -Appears immature at birth -segmental movement appears about 3-4 months - persists through life. |
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Body on Body Righting (BOB)
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- While supine & following pelvic ROT, the infant will ROT her shoulders then head toward the direction of the pelvic ROT.
-BOB appears non-segmental then later the body movements are segmental. -Appears immature at birth -segmental movement appears about 3-4 months - persists through life. |
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Landau reflex
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-While in prone, the infant will EXT head above the HORIZ posture.
- incr. in EXT & tone of back & hips is observed. - Appears about 4-5 months - persists through life. |
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Protective extension
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- infant will EXT & ABD arms in response to & in the direction of COG displacement to prevent & protect from a fall. The reaction is observed in the forward, sideways and backward directions.
-Appears about 6-7 months for forward protection, 7-8 months for sideways protection and 8-9 for backward protection. -persists through life. |
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Prone/supine balance reaction
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- When tilted in either the prone or supine position, the infant will curve trunk’concavity towards the elevated side.
-arm & leg will ABD on the elevated side. - appears about 5 months - persists through life. |
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Sitting balance reaction
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-When LAT tilted in the sitting position, the toddler will LAT FLEX trunk toward the elevated side.
- arm & leg will ABD on the elevated side and ADD on the lower side. - This is also present in ANT/POST tilting. -ANT tilting, the trunk EXT & arms FLEX -POST tilting, the trunk FLEX & arms EXT -Appears about 7 months - persists through life |
