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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is an oxidation-reduction reaction?
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A reaction involving the transfer of electrons from one species to another.
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What do oxidation numbers keep track of?
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The electrons involved in a reaction. They determine whether an electron transfer has occurred, and therefore whether an oxidation-reduction reaction has occurred.
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Define an Oxidation number/state.
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The actual charge of the atom if it exists as a monatomic ion.
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Define Oxidation
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Oxidation occurs when the oxidation number increases, this means that electrons were lost.
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Define Reduction
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Reduction occurs when the oxidation number decreases, this means that electrons were gained.
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What is an oxidizing agent?
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An oxidizing agent is a species that oxidizes another species, and is itself reduced.
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What is a reducing agent?
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A reducing agent is a species that reduces another species and is itself oxidized.
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What is the Rule for Assigning an Oxidation Number to an atom in a Pure Element?
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The Oxidation number of an atom in an element is 0. This includes diatomic molecules like Cl2, and O2.
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What is the Rule for Assigning an Oxidation Number to an Atom in a Monatomic Ion?
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The oxidation number of an atom in a monatomic ion is the charge on the ion.
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What is the Rule for Assigning an Oxidation Number to Oxygen?
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The oxidation number of Oxygen is -2 in all compounds except peroxides (O-O)2- when the charge on each O is -1. A further exception exists when Oxygen is in compound with Florine which is always -1 because it is the most electronegative.
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What is the Rule for Assigning an Oxidation Number to a Group IA Element in a Compound?
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It is always +1
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What is the Rule for Assigning an Oxidation Number to a Group IIA Element in a Compound?
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It is always +2
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What is the Rule for Assigning an Oxidation Number to a Group VIIA Halogen Element in a Compound?
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The oxidation number is -1, but when combined with Oxygen, or an element with higher electronegativity the Halogen must be determined from the oxidation number of the compound, and the other rules.
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Remember: Florine is more electronegative than Oxygen, so Oxygen does not have an oxidation number of -2 when in a compound with Florine, which is always -1.
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What is the sum of the oxidation numbers in a neutral compound?
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0
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What is the sum of the oxidation numbers in a polyatomic ion?
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The charge on that ion.
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When and why would Atoms have a fractional Oxidation State?
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Fractional oxidation states represent the average oxidation states in a structure.
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Why would you want to use a Lewis Structure to determine the oxidation?
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The Lewis structure shows how the electrons are shared between two atoms with different electronegativities.
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