Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Abu Bakr
|
a wealthy merchant and Muhammad's father-in-law
chosen by Muhammad's followers to lead them after his death Islam began to grow under him and expanded over the Arabian Peninsula |
|
|
caliph
|
name given to Abu Bakr (main successor of Muhammad)
secular and spiritual leader of Islamic communities - became more like kings and emperors |
|
|
jihad
|
"struggle in the way of God"
Quran permitted fair, defensive warfare - which is this |
|
|
Syria
|
south of Asia Minor, west of Iraq, north of Palestine
conquered by Muslims in AD 640 |
|
|
Mu'awiyah
|
general who became caliph with governor of Syria and one of Ali's chief rivals in AD 661
used force when only absolutely necessary quick to make the office of caliph - caliphate |
|
|
Umayyad Dynasty
|
dynasty made by Mu'awiyah
Islamic dynasty that originated in Iraq and moved to Syria |
|
|
Damascus
|
capital of the Arab empire in Syria
moved from Madinah by Mu'awiyah |
|
|
Berbers
|
pastoral people living along the Mediterranean coast of Northern Africa
conquered by Arabs in 8th century occupied souther Spain in AD 710 with Arabs and became a Muslim state |
|
|
Hussein
|
second son of Ali (Muhammad's son-in-law)
led revolt in present-day Iraq in the Umayyad period (he rose up against the Umayyad rule in 680 AD) |
|
|
Shiite
|
Muslims that only accept the descendants of Ali as the true rulers of Islam
most of the people are in Iraq and Iran consider themselves to be Shiites |
|
|
Sunni
|
Muslims that did not all agree with Umayyad rule but accepted the Umayyads as rulers
majority of people in the Muslim world |
|
|
Abbasid Dynasty
|
750 started when Abu Al-Abbus was overthrown (ruler of the Umayyad Dynasty at the time).
Lasted until 1258 Built the capital city of Baghdad |
|
|
Baghdad
|
Abbasid capital on the Tigris River to the east of the Umayyad capital of Damascus
took avantage of river traffic to the Persian Gulf located on the caravan route form the Mediterranean to central Asia |
|
|
Harun al-Rashid
|
his reign often described as the golden age of the Abbasid caliphate
known for charity lavished support on artists/writers |
|
|
vizier
|
council headed by a prime minister
advised the caliph caliph whispered orders to the vizier in council discussions |
|
|
Cairo
|
capital of Egypt on the Nile river
|
|
|
Seljuk Turks
|
nomadic people from central Asia
converted to Islam and prospered as soldiers took over eastern provinces of Abbasid Empire by 11th century |
|
|
sultan
|
"holder of power" - title given to Turkish leader who captured Baghdad and took command of the empire in 1055
Abbasid caliph still the chief religious authority Seljuk Turks held real military and political power of state |
|
|
Saladin
|
new Muslim ruler who took control of Egypt and made himself sultan in 1187
took offensive against Christian rulers 1187 -invaded Jerusalem and destroyed the Christian forces took the offensive to the Crusaders |
|
|
Mongols
|
pastoral people who swept out of the Gobi in the early 13th century to seize control of much of the known world.
began with Genghis Khan spread across central Asia seized Persia and Mesopotamia under Hulegu (as far as Red Sea) invaders were destructive - burned cities to the ground, destroyed dams, reduced farming villages to the point of mass starvation goal was to create terror so people wouldn't fight back Hulegu (one ruler) hated Islam and destroyed their things couldn't seize Egypt |
|
|
mosques
|
Muslim houses of worship
|
