Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Biconcave RBC
|
NORMAL!!
|
|
Spherocytes
|
Hereditary Spherocytosis; Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Differentiate between two: if all spherocytes, then it is HS. Also, pigment stones and early cholecystectomies are signs of HS. Fever is common for AIHA |
|
Elliptocytes
|
Hereditary Elliptocytosis
|
|
Macro-ovalocyte
|
Megaloblastic Anemia (B12 or Folate Deficiency). B12 has neuro symptoms. Also look for HYPERSEGMENTED NEUTROPHILS.
|
|
Helmet cells/Schistocyte
|
DIC, TTP/HUS, Trauma.
Schistocytes are a sign of intravascular hemolysis due to mechanical trauma. DIC - look for D-dimers or other signs of clots as well as signs of bleeding (purpura, etc.) TTP - ADAMTS13 problem leads to thrombocytopenia because vWF not cleaved correctly and platelets are picked up and cause microangiopathic thromboses. HUS - think E. coli O157:H7 in right clinical context. |
|
Sickle Cell
|
Sickle cell DISEASE (not trait). HbS high in blood. Low oxygen tension causes sickling; Autosomal Recessive disease valine for glutamic acid in aa6 in B globin chain. confers partial malarial resistance. Ass'd with autosplenectomy by age 20 or so. Painful or vaso-occlusive crisis is ass'd with Sickle cell. Tx: hydroxyurea
|
|
Bite Cell/Blister Cell
|
G6PD. X-linked disease (boys); ass'd with oxidative stress, partially protective against malaria. Causes hemoglobinemia/hemoglobinuria. Key words: Mediterranean (greek or italian) and Fava Beans. (sulfonamides - heavy loads can cause episodes as well)
|
|
Teardrop cells
|
Myelofibrosis. Anemia, neutropenia, but not normally thrombocytopenia.
|
|
Acanthocyte (spur cell)
|
Spiny appearance in Liver Disease and Abetalipoproteinemia.
|
|
Target Cell
|
HbC disease, Aspleia, Liver Disease, Thalassemia: Mnemonic: HALT = Target cell
|
|
Burr Cell
|
TTP/HUS
|
|
Basophilic Stippling
|
Iron Deficiency, Lead poisoning, Thalassemias, Anemia of Chronic Disease; Mnemonic: TAIL
|
|
Differential diagnosis: Microcytic Anemia
|
Iron Deficiency Anemia; Thalassemia; Anemia of Chronic Disease.
Use Iron studies to help differentiate (p. 332) |
|
Differential Diagnosis: Normocytic Anemia
|
Disorders of Hemoglobin Synthesis: Acute Hemorrhage or Hemolysis
Hemolysis: Intracorpuscular: Membrane, Enzyme Deficiency, Hemoglobinopathies Membrane: HS, PNH Enzyme Deficiency: G6PD & PK Hemoglobinopathies: Sickle Cell Extracorpuscular: Immune or Non-Immune Immune: Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) or Cold Agglutinin Dz Non-Immune: Trauma, microangiopathy, Toxins, Drugs |
|
Differential Diagnosis: Macrocytic Anemia
|
Due to Abnormalities in DNA synthesis.
Megaloblastic Anemia --> B12 or Folate (folate more common). Diff. by MMA (B12 high, not in folate) and neuro symptoms (B12). Drugs (sulfa, phenytoin, AZT); or simple reticulocytosis |
|
Heinz Bodies
|
Denatured hemoglobin in G6PD and alpha Thalassemia due to oxidation of iron to Fe3+ forms.
|
|
Howell-Jolly Bodies
|
Basophilic nuclear remnants found in RBCs. Seen in patients with asplenia, autosplenectomy, or surgical splenectomy.
|