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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
recreation activities
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travel, cultural entertainment, hobbies, social club, camping, hunting, fairs
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motivations for recreation participation
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1. relax
2. display hidden talent 3. express oneself 4. release aggression and tention 5. test oneself |
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Early Christian era
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after rome, christians emphasized work
free time (idleness) is the great enemy of the soul |
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Middle Ages
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rec. continued dispite disapprobal of church
knights : hunting and hawking hunting: lofty pursuit hunting prepared for war dance, gambling |
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Games of Common People
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village feast
cockfighting throwing weights archery required nobility provided large celebrations |
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Renaissance (rebirth)
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-revived interest in scholarship, philosophy, and art
-italy, france: painting, music, dance, and acting popular -John Locke: play should be used to learn develops character in children -Rousseau: French philosopher, -children should be given activites to meet development , to stop anitsocial behavior |
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Recreation
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-spectator (sport fan)
-solitary (sitting in a park) -strenous or demanding -in past, recreation was constructive and highly moral -dangerous (rock climbing) -morally questionable (drinking, gambling) |
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Protestant Reformation
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-1500's
-protestant broke away from roman catholic church -no gambling -no dancing -considered all devilish activities -James 1 (1618) declared some sports lawful (keep the peace) -growing interest in science (puritans rejected) |
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Development of Parks and Rec. Areas
Private Estate |
-opened to the public
-lavish gardens and wooded trails -parks were fashionable to be seen in -racing, gambling, carrige ridings -lower class soccer, cricket, wrestling |
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Development of Parks and Rec. Areas
France |
-upper class (arts and socialzing)
-working class (drinking on weekends) |
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Development of Parks and Rec. Areas
Colonial America |
-strict religious groups prevent many recreation activities
-New England either worked or prision no bums whipped or imprisoned for: gambling dancing enforcement of sabbath laws travel, recreation, and worked banned |
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Development of Parks and Rec. Areas
Southern Colonies |
very similar to new england
plantation life created lavish celebrations many activities were banned for the working and lower class |
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Development of Parks and Rec. Areas
Decline of Religious Controls |
-play slowly became tolerated
-lottery started (early 1700's) -sexual behavior - bundling:engaged couples slept together seperated by a board - sex followed by marriage, was a forgivable sin -drinking |
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Development of Parks and Rec. Areas
Parks & conservation in the colonies |
-1626 (plymouth colony) cutting trees with out official consent prohibited
-great ponds act of 1641: set aside 2000 ponds, 10 acres or more for fishing and hunting -pennsylvania law 1681: for every 5 acres of forest cut , 1 must be preserved |
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Leisure Defined
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-latin word "licer" meaning to "premit"
-as permission to do as one pleases at ones own pace, to participate in activity of ones chore, and to abandon the activity at will |
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Three essential elements
Leisure |
1. Preceived Freedom
- participates at will and leave at will 2. Autotelic Activity - activity engaged in for its own sake and not for external factor 3. Beneficial Outcome - activity will yield some benefit |
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Play
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-anglo saxon :plega
-game or sport, skirmish or battle -play is not serious -Greeks, play was important to children, developed them |
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20th century concepts of play
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1. self-expression theory
- need for self expression - find outlets for energy, ablitity - influence by factors, family and social background |
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Typologies of Play
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French Sociologist (Roger Caillois)
Classified type of play -agon-competitive games with equal chance of winning -alea- games that contestant has little control -mimicry- acceptance of illusion or imanginary universes -ilink- consists of games in pursuit or vertigo or dizziness |
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Psychoanalysis of Play
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Sigmund Freud (for Children)
- gain control and competence -resolve conflicts in life -play and dreams are therapeutic for kids |
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Play Defined
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form of human activity or behavioral style that is self motivated and carried on for intrinsic (personal) rather then external purposes.
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Meaning of Recreation
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-recreation is the fusion between play and leisure
-latin word "recreatio" meaning that which refreshes or restores |
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Traditional views of Recreation
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-activity-physical, mental, social
-art- crafts, creative, music -voluntary or free of obligation -internal motivation or desire for satisfaction |
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Is recreation voluntary
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no..little league
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Motives for Participation
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-Different behaviors suggest motives
socialization associative competitive exploratory vicarious sensory stimulation physical activity |
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Depth of Involvement
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degree to which individual is deeply committed (sports and entertainnemnt)
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Recreation Defined
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-consists of human activities or experiences during leisure time
-usually voluntary for intrinsic (personal) purposes -enjoyable but may include dree of discomfort |
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Relationships between play, recreation, and leisure
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-play is more then activity, it is a form of behavior
-recreation includes many forms of play but includes traveling, reading, music -leisure is doing what one pleases freely and can start and stop at will |
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Motivation, values, and constraints
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activity is influenced by many factors
-education background -physical and emotional health -money status -personality |
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Adult motivations
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physical exercise
social contact thrill seeking enrich ones life escape boredom |
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Children and sports
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to have fun
to improve skills stay in shape do something they are good at competition |
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older adults
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self-expression
companionship power service intellectual |
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Other Motivational Areas
Social and Affiliation Drives |
companionship
support intimacy |
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Other Motivational Areas
excitement and challenge |
need for excitement and challange
competition |
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Other Motivational Areas
hedonistic motivations |
gambling
drugs and alcohol abuse sexual behavior |
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Other Motivational Areas
nostalgia based motivations |
recapture past
-attending camps -rock concerts -war reenactor |
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Personal Values of Rec. Involvement
Physical Views |
healthy growth
fitness and endurance develop physical skills |
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Personal Values of Rec. Involvement
control of obesity |
activity helps control weight
no desks jobs 58 million wiegh more then 20% then they should is increasing |
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Personal Values of Rec. Involvement
cardiovascular health |
americans have more coronary attacks then any other nation
sedentary -smoking -high cholesterol -high blood pressure |
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Personal Values of Rec. Involvement
Emotional Values |
feeling of control
important to mental health |
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Personal Values of Rec. Involvement
relax and escape |
physical activity, reading, daydreaming
escape ones own problem |
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Personal Values of Rec. Involvement
overcoming loneliness |
social contact
friendship -problems, alcoholism, suicide |
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Personal Values of Rec. Involvement
stress mangement |
work off anger
work off frustration entire body benefits from physcial activity |
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Social Values of Recreation
sport and social development |
moral values
respect for authority academic success self reliance disapline and leadership |
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Intellectual Values of recreation
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play as learning
-postive mental growth games and mental growth -provide action based social relationships (role playing) |
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Spritual Value of Recreation
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exhibit higher human values..
more values compassion respect for others respect for environment -trip to wilderness contemption -nature can have a powerful impact on well-being of person |