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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What 2 things need to be accomplished during Reconstruction?
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1.The southern states need to be readmitted to the U.S.
2. The economy of the south needs to be rebuilt and reconstructed |
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According to President Lincoln's plan, what did a former confederate have to do in order to be pardoned and home much of a state's population had to do this before the state could form a new government and send representatives to congress?
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1. In order to be pardoned, a former confederate soldier had to swear an oath of allegiance to the U.S.
2. 10% of a state's population had to take the oath before the state could form a new government and send representatives to congress. |
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What 2 groups did Lincoln exclude from who could be pardoned and would have to stand trial?
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Lincoln excluded the high-ranking confederate officials and those accused of crimes against prisoners of war from being pardoned
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What state did reenter the Union on Lincoln's plan?
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Tennessee was readmitted to the Union on Lincoln's plan.
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Congress, led by the Radical Republicans, had their own plan for Reconstruction. What were the 2 additional goals of Congress' Reconstruction plan?
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1. They wanted to secure equality for the blacks
2. They also wanted to destroy the South's political power. |
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While Thaddeus Stevens was a leader of the Radical Republicans, who was another?
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Another leader of the Radical Republicans was Charles Sumner.
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How did the Wade-Davis Bill differ from Lincoln's plan?
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The Wade-Davis Bill stated that 50% of a state's population had to take the oath of allegiance before the state could be readmitted to the United States.
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What 2 actions did Lincoln take in response to the Wade-Davis Bill?
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Lincoln vetoed the Wade-Davis Bill but he did appoint his own governors for the military districts.
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When Andrew Johnson made his plan it was very similar to Lincoln's Plan. What was the major difference between these two plans regarding who would be pardoned?
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Johnson added the wealthy landowners to the list of people who couldn't be pardoned by simply pledging allegiance.
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According to Johnson's Plan, what two things would each state have to do before being fully readmitted back into the Union?
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Each state would have to declare secession illegal and they would have to ratify the 13th amendment.
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Other than outlawing black codes, what did the Cilvil Rights Act of 1866 do?
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The Civil Rights Act of 1866 granted citizenship to all free slaves.
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What were black codes?
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Black codes were southern laws that restricted the liberties of blacks.
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What did the Freedmen's Bureau Act do (give examples of what it provided) and for whom?
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The Freedmen's Bureau Act used tax money to provide aid (food, clothing, shelter, education, healthcare, and legal protection) to the freed slaves and poor whites.
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Why did President Johnson veto the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the Freedmen's Bureau Act?
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President Johnson vetoed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the Freedmen's Bureau Act because he was a democrat who was involved in a power struggle with the radical Republicans. He didn't want to give up any of his powers.
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What did Congress do in direct response to President Johnson vetoing the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the Freedmen's Bureau Act?
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Congress overturned both of his vetoes with a 2/3rds vote.
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What was the purpose of the 13th amendment?
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The purpose of the 13th amendment was to abolish slavery.
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What was the purpose of the 14th amendment?
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The purpose of the 14th amendment was to guarantee citizenship for all people born in the United States.
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What was the purpose of the 15th amendment?
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The purpose of the 15th amendment was to guarantee the right to vote for all males regardless of race or origin.
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When Andrew Johnson was impeached, what was he charged with?
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Andrew Johnson was charged with breaking the Tenure of Office Act of 1876.
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What verdict (guilty or not guilty) did the senate reach during Johnson's impeachment trial and by how many votes was this verdict reached?
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President Andrew Johnson was declared not guilty by a verdict of 35 guilty votes and 19 not guilty votes (he was declared innocent by 1 vote)
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Why did the Republicans nominate Ulysses S. Grant to become president?
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Republicans nominated Ulysses S. Grant to become president because he was popular enough to win and congress could control him.
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Be able to answer questions regarding Reconstruction and the Electoral College (Know how to find the true majority number regardless of how many electoral votes there were for that time period).
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There are currently 538 electoral votes. True majority is 270 or 2/3rds. If no candidate reaches true majority vote, the house of representatives decided who will be president.
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Be able to answer questions regarding Reconstruction and the Electoral College (Know how to find the true majority number regardless of how many electoral votes there were for that time period).
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There are currently 538 electoral votes. True majority is 270 or 2/3rds. If no candidate reaches true majority vote, the house of representatives decided who will be president.
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Explain how the economic structure for white southerners changed following the Civil War and explain why each change occurred. (short essay)
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Southern currency became worthless because no one used that money except southerners. Towns and farms were destroyed during the war which led to poverty and fewer jobs. Landowners had to sharecrop due to them not having slaves and not wanting to pay for labor.
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Explain what three groups began voting Republican in the south during the Reconstruction era and why. (short essay)
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The three groups that began voting Republican in the south during the reconstruction era were the scalawags, carpetbaggers, and the freed slaves. The first group began voting Republican because they wanted political power. The carpetbaggers were northern republicans who moved south for the business opportunity of reconstruction. The freed slaves started voting Republican because Lincoln was Republican and the Radical Republicans were the only people helping the freed slaves.
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The Ku Klux Klan was initially a social club but quickly developed into an organization that used violence in order to get what it wanted. Who were the original targets of the KKK?
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The original targets of the KKK were the Whites who were voting Republican.
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What were some positives for the freed slaves following the Civil War?
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Some positives for the freed slaves after the Civil War were citizenship, freedom, and sometimes escape of the south.
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What were some negatives for the freed slaves following the Civil War?
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Some negatives for the freed slaves after the Civil War were no jobs, no homes, violence from the KKK, and debt peonage.
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Following a constitutional amendment, white southerners were very concerned about being outvoted by the black population. Explain 3 different ways the white southerners used to prevent blacks from voting (and how each prevented blacks from voting while still protecting the whites' right to vote). (short essay)
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The first way the white southerners kept the blacks from voting was literacy tests. Most southern whites could read but most blacks could not. In order to vote, people would have to pass the literacy test. The second way the white southerners kept the blacks from voting was poll taxes. Not as many blacks could afford to vote as whites could. The third way the white southerners kept the blacks from voting was the grandfather clause. It basically stated that if your grandfather could vote, you could vote. Not many of the blacks grandfather's could vote (or were alive) so most of the blacks could not vote.
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Other than the 1876 election and Compromise of 1877, what four other events contributed to the end of Reconstruction AND how did each contribute to the end of Reconstruction?
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Congress did not renew the funding of the Freedmen's Bureau Act which hurt the blacks and caused them to be more dependent on the whites. The goal of racial equality began to die. Congress allowed all former confederate soldiers to vote again which shifted the power to the whites away from the blacks. The supreme court dismissed some of the laws that were punishing southern whites which again shifted the power away from the blacks and to the whites. Finally, the Financial Panic of 1873 hits the north and shifts the northerners and government's concern away from Reconstruction.
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Explain why neither Hayes not Tilden won the Electoral College true majority in the 1876 presidential election.
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Neither candidate had the true majority because four states, Oregon, Louisiana, Florida, and South Carolina, voted for both candidates.
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Since neither candidate had the true majority in 1876, the House of Representatives are responsible for determining the winner. What did the House of Representatives create in order to determine the outcome of the 1876 Presidential Election?
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The House of Representatives created a bipartisan committee of both parties to determine the outcome of the election.
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In the compromise of 1877, what did the Northern Republicans get?
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The Northern Republicans got the true majority of the vote, so Rutherford Hayes became president.
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What did the Southern Democrats get in the compromise of 1877?
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The Southern Democrats got all of the union soldiers out of the south.
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What did the Southern Democrats who agreed to the Compromise of 1877 become known as?
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The Southern Democrats who agreed to the Compromise of 1877 became known as "The Redeemers.
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What happened in the southern states after the Federal troops left?
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After the union soldiers left the south, Reconstruction and the goal of Racial equality officially ended.
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