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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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alveol
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a cavity; alveolus
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bronch
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wind pipe; bronchus
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emphys
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inflate; emphysema
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nari
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nostril; nares
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pleur
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side/rib; pleura
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pne
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breath; pnemonia
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pulmo
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lung; pulmonary
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respir
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breath; respiration
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trach
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rough; trachea
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ventus
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wind; ventilation
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The conversion of carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid is catalyzed by the enzyme
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CAH
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When carbon dioxide combines with hemoglobin, the resulting compound is called
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carminaohemoglobin
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The greatest percentage of carbon dioxide is transported in plasma as
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bicarb
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Central chemoreceptors are located in the BLANK; peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the BLANK and BLANK.
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medulla; corrated sinuses; aortic arch
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In a person who is hyperventilating, the concentration of hydrogen ions BLANK causing extracellular pH to BLANK
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increases; decrease
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The anatomical term for the Adam's apple is the BLANK, which is part of the BLANK
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laryngeal prominence; thyroid cartilage
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When the pleural cavity fills with air, the condition is known as
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pneumothorax
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The section of the lung supplied by a tertiary bronchus is called a
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segment
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The process by which gases are exchanged between the atmosphere and the lung alveoli is called
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ventilation
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Boyle's law states that at a constant temperature, the pressure of a gas BLANK as the volume of the container increases
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decreases
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The detergent-like substance that reduces the surface tension of alveolar fluid is called
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surfectant
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The ease with which the lungs and thoracic wall can be expanded is called
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compliance
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Greater sympathetic stimulation to bronchioles causes BLANK which causes airway resistance to BLANK
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bronchodialation; decrease
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The volume of air that moves in and out of the airways with each inspiration and expiration during normal quiet breathing is called the
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tidal volume
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The air that remains in the lungs even after the expiratory reserve volume is expelled is called the
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residual volume
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BLANK states that each gas in a mixture exerts its own pressure as if all the other gases were not present
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Dalton
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Henry's law states that at a constant temperature, the quantity of a gas that will dissolve in a liquid is proportional to the BLANK of the gas and its BLANK
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pressure; solubility
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As the partial pressure of oxygen in blood increases, the percent saturation of hemolglobin
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increases
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As extracellular pH decreases, the percent saturation of hemoglobin
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decreases
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As temperature of blood increases, the percent saturation of blood
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decreases
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What three factors will decrease the percent saturation of hemoglobin in the tissues?
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Temperature, lower pH, increase CO2, or increase BPG
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How would a left shift in the Oxygen-hemolglobin dissociation curve effect the arterial saturation of hemoglobin?
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increase
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How would a right shift in the curve effect the arterial saturation of hemoglobin?
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decrease
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Vital capacity
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TV + IRV + ERV
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Inspiratory Capacity
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TV + IRV
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Functional Residual Capacity
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ERV + RV
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Total Lung Capacity
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TV + IRV + ERV + RV
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A patient with congestive heart failure has cyanosis coupled with liver and kidney failure. What type of hypoxia is this?
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Ischemia (stagnant) hypoxia
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While diapering his one-year-old son, Mr. Gregoire failed to find one o the small safety pins previously used. Two days later, his son developed a cough and became feverish. what probably happened to the safety pin and where (anatomically) would you expect to find it?
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Right primary bronchus, larger in diameter and more vertical
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A mother brings her infant who is feverish, hyperventilating, and cyanotic to the clinic. The infant is quickly diagnosed with pneumonia. What aspect of pneumonia has caused the cyanosis?
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Inflammation in the alveoli causes fluid to accumulate in the air spaces, which increases thickness of membrane and decreases the ability to oxygenate blood
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An elderly woman has severe kyphosis of her spine. She is complaining of being breathless and her vital capacity is below normal. Would this be an obstructive or a restrictive disorder?
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Restrictive because it reduces the ability to inflate the lungs fully
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A young man visiting his father in the hospital hears the clinical staff refer to the patient in the next bed as a "pink puffer". He notes the patient's barrel shaped chest and wonders what the man's problem is. What is the patient's diagnosis and why is he called a pink puffer?
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Emphysema, ventilation is difficult, but sufficient, but as the disease progresses cyanosis will occur
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The genetic defect in cystic fibrosis affects the chloride channels in secretory cells. Explain, in terms of salt and water secretion, why this results in thick mucus in the respiratory tract.
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Chlorine can't get out of the cells, so Na+ attracted in and can't go into secretions - water doesn't come in, secretions get thick
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