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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Alkane > haloalkane |
Alkane + halogen Presence of UV light Free radical substitution |
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Alkane > dihaloalkane |
Alkane + halogen Presence of UV light Free radical substitution |
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Alkene > alkane |
Alkene + hydrogen Nickel catalyst with high temp & pressure Addition |
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Alkene > haloalkane |
Alkene + hydrogen halide Room temp Electrophilic addition |
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Alkene > dihaloalkane |
Alkene + halogen Room temp Electrophilic substitution |
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Alkene > alcohol |
Alkene + steam Phosphoric acid catalyst, high temp and pressure Electrophilic addition |
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Primary alcohol > aldehyde |
Primary alcohol and acidified potassium dichromate Heat and distil Oxidation |
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Primary alcohol > carboxylic acid |
Primary alcohol and acidified potassium dichromate Reflux Oxidation |
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Secondary alcohol > ketone |
Secondary alcohol and acidified potassium dichromate Reflux Oxidation |
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Alcohol > alkene |
Alcohol Reflux with sulfuric acid catalyst Dehydration |
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Alcohol > haloalkane |
Alcohol with sodium halide and sulfuric acid Reflux Nucleophilic substitution |
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Haloalkane > alcohol |
Haloalkane + NaOH Reflux Hydrolysis |
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Benzene > nitrobenzene |
Benzene + conc nitric acid
Conc sulfuric acid catalyst and 50oC
Electrophilic substitution |
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Benzene > halobenzene |
Benzene + halogen Halogen carrier Electrophilic substitution |
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Benzene > alkylbenzene |
Benzene + haloalkane Halogen carrier Electrophilic substitution |
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Benzene > acylbenzene |
Benzene + acyl chloride Halogen carrier Electrophilic substitution |
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Phenol > phenoxide |
Phenol + Base Room temp Acid-base |
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Phenol > halophenol |
Phenol + halogen Room temp Electrophilic substitution |
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Phenol > nitrophenol |
Phenol + nitric acid Room temp Electrophilic substitution |
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Aldehyde > carboxylic acid |
Aldehyde + acidified potassium dichromate (or tollens reagent) Reflux Oxidation |
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Aldehyde > primary alcohol |
Aldehyde + NaBH4 Warmed Reduction |
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Ketone > secondary alcohol |
Ketone + NaBH4 Warmed Reduction |
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Carbonyl > hydroxynitrile |
Carbonyl + HCN Sodium cyanide + sulfuric acid provide the HCN Nucleophilic addition |
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Carboxylic acid > carboxylate salt |
Carboxylic acid + Base Room temp Acid-base |
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Carboxylic acid + alcohol > ester |
Warmed with concentrated sulfuric acid catalyst Condensation |
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Acid anhydride + alcohol > ester |
Just acid anhydride + alcohol Condensation |
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Ester > alcohol + carboxylic acid |
Ester under Reflux with a dilute sulfuric acid catalyst Hydrolysis |
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Ester > alcohol + carboxylate salt |
Reflux with sodium hydroxide Hydrolysis |
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Carboxylic acid > acyl chloride |
React with SOCl2 (thionyl chloride) Condensation |
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Acyl chloride > carboxylic acid |
Acyl chloride + water Condensation |
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Acyl chloride > ester |
Acyl chloride + alcohol Condensation |
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Acyl chloride > primary amide |
Acyl chloride + ammonia Bubble ammonia through Condensation |
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Acyl chloride > secondary amide |
Acyl chloride + primary amine Condensation |
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Haloalkane > primary amine |
Haloalkane + ammonia + NaOH Ethanol used as solvent and ammonia in large excess Nucleophilic substitution |
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Nitroarene > arylamine |
Nitroarene Refluxed with HCl and tin catalyst Then react with excess NaOH to get rid of salt |
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Polyamide > amides |
Polyamide + water + protons Conc sulfuric acid gives the protons Hydrolysis |
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Polyamide > amide salt |
Polyamide + NaOH Hydrolysis |
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Haloalkane > nitrile |
Haloalkane + KCN Nucleophilic substitution |
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Nitrile > amine |
Nitrile + hydrogen gas Nickle catalyst Addition |
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Nitrile > carboxylic acid |
Nitrile + water + HCl Reflux Hydrolysis |
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Making an addition polymer |
Reflux |
