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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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RT Paradigm
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warning - stimulus presented (premotor/motor response = reaction time) - response begins (movement time) - response ends
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What is Reaction Time?
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measures the time it takes for a subject to respond to a suddenly presented stimulus to the beginning of the response to it
- central component - peripheral component |
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Central Component
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- no muscle activity
- indicates command to move has not yet reached the muscle - termed as premotor period - represents central processes used in making the response |
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What Are the Central Processes Used in Making a Response?
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- stimulus identification
- decision processes - programmed response |
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Premotor Time
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- one suggestion was that during the premotor period, preparation of a motor program occurred
- significant increases/decreases in RT have been used to indicate either a longer or shorter time span for processing information & initiating the correct response |
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Peripheral Component
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- motor RT
- muscle is activated but movement doesn't occur until 40-80 ms later - conduction of AP over the muscle itself |
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Are RTs Faster for Visual or Auditory Stimuli?
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auditory react faster then visual
- average auditory RT: 140-160 msec - average visual RT: 180-200 msec - average touch RT: 155 msec |
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Reason Why Auditory is Faster?
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- auditory stimulus only takes 8-10 msec to reach CNS
- visual stimulus takes 20-40 msec * persist during simple and complex responses |
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Factors Affecting RT
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- age
- changes through lifespan - SRT decreases from infancy to late 20s - increases slowly until over 50 - increases more as pass 70 * more notable when doing complex responses |
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Potential Reasons for Increased RT
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- nerve conduction velocity changes as you get older
- elderly may be more careful and monitor their responses more throughly |
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Reaction Time in Relation to Diabetes Pts
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- reaction time is longer in diabetics compared to control
- both groups improved from pre-training to post-training |
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Results for Static Reaction Time
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Elderly exhibit increased RT compared to young among COP/trunk/head variables
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Results for Dynamic Reaction Time
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Elderly exhibited increased RT compared to young among COP/trunk/head variables
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Dynamic Response Strategy
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Recruitment Order
young - bottom up elderly - top down - also stiffen upper body and have shorter lags between head/trunk segments |
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Three Concepts the Elderly Demonstrate
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1. reduced ability to rapidly initiate and execute directional whole body movement - slower RTs
2. diminished lag between head and trunk segments 3. reversals of response strategy |
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Name the Different Strategy Among Two Groups
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young - bottom up sequence
elderly - bottom up for static reactions and top down for dynamic actions |
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Effects of Arousal on RT
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- U shaped
- RT is faster with an intermediate level of arousal - deteriorates if the subject is too relaxed or too tense (U shaped) |
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Effects of Exercise on RT
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physically fit subjects have faster RTs
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Effects of Practice on RT
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RTs are less consistent when un-practiced - practice makes perfect
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Effects of Fatigue on RT
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RT increases with fatigue - more profound in complex tasks
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Which has the Greatest Effect on RT: Physical Fatigue or Mental Fatigue?
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mental fatigue
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Effects of Fasting on RT
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3 days without food does not decrease RT but it does impair your capacity to do work
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Effects of Distraction on RT
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longer RT when given simultaneous auditory task
* driving studies while using the phone |
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Effects of Breathing Cycle on RT
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RT quicker when stimulus occurred during expiration when compared to inspiration
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Tremor
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the oscillatory movement of a limb going in a up-and-down motion
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Effects of Tremors on RT
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RT faster if the reaction occurs when the finger is on the "downswing" part of the tremor
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