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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A major body fluid in the intravascular compartment is:
A) Plasma B) Serum C) Water D)Saline |
A) Plasma
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The major vessel that supplies blood to the kidney is the:
A) Aorta B) Inferior vena cava C) Renal Vein D) Renal Artery |
D) Renal Artery
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The volume of plasma filtered from the glomerular capillaries into Bowman's capsule each minute is the:
A) Tubular reabsorption B) Glomerular Filtration rate C) Tubular Secretion D) Clearance |
B) Glomerular Filtration rate
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What percent of the cardiac output each minute is received by the kidneys?
A) 25% B) 15% C) 99% D) 50% |
A) 25%
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The endocrine gland located on top of each kidney is the:
A) Pituitary B) Lymphatic C) Adrenal D) Medulla |
C) Adrenal
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The functional unit of the kidney is the:
A) Adrenal gland B) Cortex C) Medulla D) Nephron |
D) Nephron
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The main function of the glomerulus is:
A) Secretion B) Filtration C) Reabsorption D) Excretion |
B) Filtration
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Three steps in the formation of urine are:
A) Glomerular filtration, diffusion, ultrafiltration B) Filtration, reabsorption, ultrafiltration C) Filtration, reabsorption, secretion D) Clearance, glomerular filtration, ultrafiltration |
C) Filtration, reabsorption, secretion
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The normal adult gomerular filtration rate is approximately:
A) 99 mL/hr B) 2000 mL/day C) 80 mL/hour D) 125 mL/min |
D) 125 mL/min
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Which of the following substances is not filtered in Bowman's space?
A) Chloride B) Sodium C) Water D) Protiens |
D) Protiens
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One of the effects of the renin-angiotensin system is to:
A) Stimulate the release of aldosterone B) Decrease serum sodium C) Decrease extracellular fluid volume D) Dilate the arteries |
A) Stimulate the release of aldosterone
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Glomerular filtration begins as blood enters the glomerulus under high pressure called:
A) Capillary colloidal osmotic pressure B) Glomerular capillary hydostatic pressure C) Tubular hydrostatic pressure D) Ureteral pressure |
B) Glomerular capillary hydostatic pressure
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Which of the following is not a function of parathyroid hormone?
A) Decreases reabsorption of calcium from intestine B) Stimulates the activation of Vitamin D C) Increases reabsorption of calcium from the bone D) Decreases reabsorption of phosphate by tubules |
A) Decreases reabsorption of calcium from intestine
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The part of the nephron where most of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed is:
A) Bowman's capsule B) Distal tubule C) Loop of Henle D) Proximal convoluted tubule |
D) Proximal convoluted tubule
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The two components of the nephron are:
A) Vascular, tubular B) Vortex, medulla C) Vascular, collecting system D) Adrenal, tubular |
A) Vascular, tubular
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All of the following are excretory functions of the kidney EXCEPT:
A) Regulation of electrolytes B) Maintenance of fluid balance C) Elimination of metabolic waste D) Release of aldosterone |
D) Release of aldosterone
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Diffusion is the movement of:
A) Solute form an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equilibrium is reached B) Solute from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration until equilibrium is reached C) Solvent form an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equilibrium is reached D) Solvent from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration until equilibrium is reached |
A) Solute form an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equilibrium is reached
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ADH (antidiuretic hormone) regulates the:
A) Chloride content of the body B) Potassium content of the body C) Water content of the body D) Magnesium content of the body |
C) Water content of the body
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The hormone aldosterone stimulates:
A) The reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium B) Reabsorption of sodium and potassium C) Excretion of sodium and potassium D) Reabsorption of potassium and excretion of sodium |
A) The reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium
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The hydrogen ion concentration determines the acid-base balance of the body. Hydrogen ion concentration is affected by the ratio of:
A) Carbonic acid to bicarbonate B) Acid hemoglobin to basic hemoglobin C) Acid phosphate to alkaline phosphate D) Red corpuscles to white corpuscles |
A) Carbonic acid to bicarbonate
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The kidney's role in calcium/phosphate balance is the:
A) Activation of Vitamin D B) Excretion of phosphorus C) Reabsorption/excretion of calcium D) All of the above |
D) All of the above
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Calcium absorption occurs in the:
A) Stomach with phosphorus B) Small intestine with activated Vitamin D C) Large intestine with Vitamin D D) None of the above |
B) Small intestine with activated Vitamin D
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Parathormone hormone (PTH) regulates calcium/phosphorus levels by:
A) Stimulating the kidney to excrete phosphorus B) Stimulating the activation of Vitamin D C) Increasing bone resorption D) All of the above |
D) All of the above
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Clearance can be defined as:
A) A substance that is filtered at the glomerulus and secreted in the Loop of Henle B) Volume of plasma that is cleared of of a given substance per unit of time C) A substance that is filtered, secreted, and reabsorbed D) Volume of water that is cleared per unit of time |
B) Volume of plasma that is cleared of of a given substance per unit of time
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A factor(s) that affect the level of BUN is (are):
A) Protein intake B) Steroids C) Infection D) All of the above |
D) All of the above
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Normally, the lungs work to keep the Pco2 at approximately 20mmHg and the kidneys keep the HCO3 level between 24-26 mEq/L.
A) True B) False |
B) False
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When one HCO3 ion is lost from the kidney, three H ions stay behind.
A) True B) False |
A) True
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Bicarbonae is reclaimed by the proximal tubule while hydrogen ions are excreted by collecting tubules.
A) True B) False |
A) True
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The substance secreted by the kidney, which affects the blood pressure, is:
A) Potassium B) PTH C) Aldosterone D) Renin |
D) Renin
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Sodium is primarily an__________ ion.
A) Intracellular B) Extracellular |
B) Extracellular
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Potassium is primarily an__________ion.
A) Intracellular B) Extracellular |
A) Intracellular
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Normal carbon dioxide tension (Pc02) found in arterial blood is:
A) 20-30 mmHG B) 22-26 mmHG C) 35-45 mmHG D) 45-55 mmHG |
C) 35-45 mmHG
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Normal oxygen tension (Pc02) found in arterial blood is:
A) 20-30 mmHG B) 40-50 mmHG C) 75-85 mmHG D) 75-100 mmHG |
D) 75-100 mmHG
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Seventy percent (70%) of the total body water is contained in organs.
A) True B) False |
A) True
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Urea nitrogen is the by-product of:
A) Protein metabolism B) Phosphorus absorption C) Calcium metabolism D) Muscle metabolism |
A) Protein metabolism
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Under normal conditions, the plasma calcium/phonsphate product is maintained at about 40mg/dL. The patient with renal failure loses the ability to maintain a normal product because of:
A) Altered renal excretion of phosphate B) Increased GI absorption of calcium C) Altered deposition of phosphate in bone D) Increased thyrocalcitonin production |
A) Altered renal excretion of phosphate
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The changes related to uremia develop from:
A) The kidney's inability to maintain the basement membrane B) The effects of hemolytic anemia C) The kidney's inability to maintain the internal environment D) The effects of altered antidiuretic hormone function |
C) The kidney's inability to maintain the internal environment
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Decreased glomerular filtration rate of the kidney may be due to all of the following except:
A) Fluid overload B) Dehydration C) Shock D) Cardiac decompensation |
A) Fluid overload
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What is the normal range for glomerular filtration rate?
A) 120-130 mL/min B) 1-5 mL/min C) 500-600 mL/min D) 180-200 mL/min |
A) 120-130 mL/min
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Homeostasis can best be defined as:
A) The steady state of the internal environment B) A holistic approach to medicine C) A balance between nature and man D) The state of physical and psychological well-being |
A) The steady state of the internal environment
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The main function(s) of the nephron tubules is:
A) Reabsorption B) Secretion C) Filtration D) A & B |
D) A & B
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According to the National Kidney Foundation, anyone with a glomerular filtration rate less than ____ mL/min/1.73m2 for more than three months is defined as having chronic kidney disease.
A) 100 B) 90 C) 80 D) 70 |
D) 70
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The major components of a nephron unit are:
A) Papilla, hilum, peritubular capillary network B) Cortex, capsule, juxtaglomerular complex C) Glomerulus, peritubular capilary network, tubule D) Medulla, glomerulus, afferent arteriole |
C) Glomerulus, peritubular capilary network, tubule
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Under normal conditions, glomerular filtrate does not contain which of the following substances?
A) Amino acids B) Red blood cells C) Glucose D) Creatinine |
B) Red blood cells
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The presence of _____ in the urine is often indicative of glomerular capillary damage.
A) Excess sodium B) Glucose C) Protein (albumin) D) Casts |
C) Protein (albumin)
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The normal kidney plays a role in red blood cell production by:
A) Stimulating white blood cell maturation in bone marrow B) Serving as a reservoir for new red blood cells C) Secreting a hormone called erythropoietin D) Eliminating macrocytes |
C) Secreting a hormone called erythropoietin
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Toxic products that accumulate in the body as a result of decreased kidney function are:
A) Urea, creatinine, bile, and salt B) Urea, creatinine, potassium, and phosphorus C) Potassium, urea, amylase, and water D) Sodium, urea, potassium, and alkali |
B) Urea, creatinine, potassium, and phosphorus
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In the presence of active Vitamin D, this substance can be properly absorbed and deposited in the skeletal system:
A) Phosphorus B) PTH C) Calcium D) Sodium |
C) Calcium
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The hormone erythropoietin causes:
A) Loss of kidney function B) Blood pressure control C) Regulation of body fluids D) Bone marrow to produce red blood cells |
D) Bone marrow to produce red blood cells
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