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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the definition of Jazz
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A musical art form originated from the African-American and European mixtures in beginning of the 20th century. West African Influence: blues notes, improvisation, poly rhythms, syncopation and the swung note
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What is the origin of the name jazz
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Unceratin. Earliest known refernces are in the sports pages of various sports teams on the West Coast. Especially following the Pacific Coast League. Ben Henderson, 1912: Called his curve ball a jazz ball. First musical reference: 1915 Daily Tribune
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What are the African-American roots of jazz?
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the slave trade brought slaves with many strong tribal traditions. Festivals with African dancing took place in Place Congo, or Congo Square, in New Orleans until 1843. Functional African music: single-line melody and call-and-response pattern, but with no harmony, Followed speech patterns, and had pentatonic scales, work songs and field hollers
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What were the three primary jazz styles between 1890 and 1910?
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Ragtime, Blues and New Orleans Dixieland
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What is Ragtime? (time period, main characteristics)
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1897-1918. Also called Ragged-Time. Main characteristic is "ragged rhythm" (syncopation)
began as a dance music in the "red-light" districts, in St. Louis and New Orleans. Fell out of favor when jazz became prevalent |
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Who was Scott Joplin?
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A African-American muscian. He wrote the Maple-Leaf Rag. He was dubbed the King of Ragtime. When he died when he was 48, he was mostly forgotten, even though he wrote 4 original ragtime pieces, a ragtime ballet and 2 ragtime operas. there was a ragtime revival in the early 1970s. In 1976 he was awarded the Pulitzer
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What is the Aeolin Piano?
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A self-playing piano that contained a pneumatic or electric controlled mechanism that played the music with pre-programmed notes via perforated paper rolls. Ragtime a favorite selection
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What is the Blues? (time period, major characteristics)
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BLUES IS BOTH A MUSICAL FORM AND A MUSICAL GENRE!!! Created within the African-American communities in the Deep South in the end of the 19th century, It was developed from spirituals, work songs, field hollers, shouts and rhymed simple narrative ballads.
the first appearance of the blues is dated after the Emancipation Act in 1863, between 1870 and 1900. This period corresponds to the transition from slavery to sharecropping, small-scale agricultural and the expansion of railroads in the southern United States Transition from group to individual performances CLOSELY RELATED TO SPIRITUALS Before it gained its formal definition in terms of chord expressions. Defined as the secular counterparts of spirituals. FORM: specific chord progressions (12-bar) Blue notes sung and played for expressive purposes by flatting third, fifth and seventh of the associated major scale LYRICS: the traditional blues verse was a single line repeated four lines. AAB PROPONENTS: Jelly Roll Morton, Robert Johnson, Blind Boy Fuller, Bessie Smith |
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What New Orleans Dixieland? (origins and style, time period, proponents)
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an early style of jazz that developed in New Orleans, and is the earliest recorded style of jazz music. The style contained brass band marches, French Quadrilles, ragtime and blues with collective, polyphonic improvisation.
the standard band consists of a "front line" of trumpet, trombone, and clarinet with "rhythm section" if at least two of the following instruments: guitar, banjo, string bass or tuba, piano and drums. One instrument plays the melody and the other instruments improv around the melody. Creates a polyphonic sound. the swing era ended dixieland musician's careers. PROPONENTS: Kind Oliver, Jelly Roll Morton, Original Dixieland Band, Louis Armstrong |
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Who was Louis Daniel Armstong?
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(1901-1971)
Nicknamed "Satchmo" or "Pop" American jazz trumpeter and singer Foundational influence on jazz was to shift music's focus from collective improvisation to solo performers |
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What were the two major music groups from 1920s to 1930s?
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-Swing
-European Jazz |
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What is swing? (Origins, time period, precursors and influences of big band swing, style and proponents)
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ORIGINS:
Prohibitions in the United States Jazz got a reputation for being immoral and many members of the older generations saw it threatening the old values |
