• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/13

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

13 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Microcytic anemia
means
Microcytic anemia
means a low mean corpuscular volume (MCV), less than 80.
what anemia is a result
of iron deficiency, thalassemia, sideroblastosis, and lead poisoning
Microcytic anemia
Anemia of chronic disease
can be
Anemia of chronic disease
can be either microcytic or normocytic.
Macrocytic anemia
Macrocytic anemia is characterized by an elevated
MCV >100.This is most commonly from vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency but can also result
from the toxic effects of alcohol, liver disease, or chemotherapeutic agents such as methotrexate
or medications such as zidovudine (AZT) or phenytoin
Normocytic anemia is characterized
by a
Normocytic anemia is characterized
by a normal MCV:These can be from early forms of all the conditions described above as well
as most forms of hemolysis.
Clinical Presentation. The predominant symptoms of anemia
Clinical Presentation. The predominant symptoms of anemia are based on the severity of the
disease rather than the specific etiology. Early symptoms include fatigue, tiredness, and poor
exercise tolerance. As the anemia worsens, the patient develops dyspnea on exertion and lightheadedness.
Eventually, confusion and altered mental status may develop as oxygen delivery to
the brain decreases. Death from anemia is most often from decreased oxygen delivery to the
heart, resulting in the development of myocardial ischemia. The severity of symptoms is profoundly
related to the underlying condition of the patient. A healthy young patient may have
no symptoms at all with a hematocrit of 27-290/0,whereas an older patient with heart disease
may develop dyspnea or anginal symptoms with the same hematocrit.
Diagnosis.
1 Once a diagnosis of anemia is determined based on....

2the first step is
Diagnosis. Once a diagnosis of anemia is determined based on a low hematocrit or hemoglobin,
the first step is to determine the MCV: Iron studies, reticulocyte count, peripheral
smear, red cell distribution of width (RDW), Coombs test, vitamin B12, folate levels, and even
occasionally a bone marrow biopsy may be necessary to determine a specific etiology. The tests
ordered depend on the specifics of the case presented.
Treatment. anemia
Treatment. Besides blood transfusion, treatment cannot be generalized.
Packed red blood cells
are used to maintain a hematocrit greater than
Packed red blood cells
are used to maintain a hematocrit greater than 25-30% This is based on the underlying condition
of the patient. A healthy young patient can have transfusion withheld until the hematocrit
is in the low 20% An older patient with coronary artery disease will need to be maintained
above a hematocrit of 30%. . Whole blood is rarely, if ever, used.
The hematocrit should rise..... every
unit of packed red blood cells given
The hematocrit should rise approximately three points for every
unit of packed red blood cells given
If the question describes
a craving for ice or dirt
If the question describes
a craving for ice or dirt
Ii.e., forms of pica.think
anemia. Step3 loves to use
pica as a lead in to anemia
All forms of anemia lead to
All forms of anemia lead to fatigue and a subjective sense of loss of energy. .. such as tired.fatigue, malaise, or loss of energy. You will be
able to recognize more severe anemia when the question says short (~r breath,
tightheadedness. or Confusion. Other diseases may also present with fatigue or
shortnes.. of breath, similar to anemia
Diseases with presentations similar to
those of anemia are the following
Diseases with presentations similar to
those of anemia are the following:
• Hypoxia
• Carbon monoxide poisoning
Methemoglobinemia
• Ischemic heart disease