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397 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Rectangular, crystal-like inclusions in Leydig cells
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Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
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Renal epithelial casts in urine
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atucte toxic/viral nephrosis
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rhomboid crystal, postively birefringent
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pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate)
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rib notching
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coarctation of aorta
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sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells ("starry sky")
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Burkitt's lymphoma (t[8;14], c-myc, EBV assoc.)
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silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
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Pick bodies (Pick's disease: progressive dementia)
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small granulomatous lesions in lungs (can calcify)
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Ghon focus
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soap bubble in femur or tibia
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giant cell tumor of bone - generally benign
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spikes on basement membrane, dome like endothelial deposits
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membranous glomerulonephritis
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small, round RBC inclusions
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Heinz bodies (G6PD, alpha-thalassemia, chronic liver disease)
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stacks of RBC
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rouleux (high ESR: multiple myeloma)
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stippled vaginal epithelial cells
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"Clue cells" - gardnerella vaginalis
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"Tennis-racket" shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
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Birbeck granules - histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granulomas
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thrombi made of red/white layers
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lines of Zahn - arterial thrombus, layers of platelets and RBCs
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"thumb sign" on lateral x-ray
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epiglottitis (H. influenzae)
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thyroid-like appearance of kidney
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chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
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"tram-track" appearance of LM
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membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
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triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
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fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
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WBC that appear smudged
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CLL (almost always B cells, elderly)
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"wire loop" glomerular appearance
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lupus nephropathy
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yellow CSF
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xanthochromia (subarachnoid hemorrhage)
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actinic (solar) keratosis
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SCC
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acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
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Cushing's ulcer (increase ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion)
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acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
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Curling's ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results of sloughing of gastric mucosa)
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alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
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skip lesion (Crohn's disease: autoimmune)
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aneurysm, dissecting
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HTN
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aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta
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atherosclerosis
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ascending aortic aneurysm
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tertiary syphilis, Marfan's syndrome
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atrophy of mammillary bodies
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Wernicke's encephalopathy (thiamine decifiency causing ataxia, opthalmoplegia, and confusion)
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autosplectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
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Sickle cell anemia (HbS)
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bacteremia/pneumonia (IV drug user)
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S. aureus
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bacteria assoc with stomach cancer
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H. pylori
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bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
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strep pneu
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bacterial meningitis (newborns & kinds)
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Group B streptococcus (newborns), S. pneu or Neisseria meningitidis (kids)
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benign melanocytic nevus
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spitz nevus (MC in first two decades)
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bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency
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Bernard-Soulier disease (defect in plt adhesion)
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brain tumors (adults)
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supratentorial: mets > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma
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brain tumors (kid)
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infratentorial: astrocytoma > medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma (cerebrum)
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breast cancer
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infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in the US 1 in 9 women will develop breast CA)
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breast mass
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1. fibrocystic change
2. carcinoma in postmenopausal women |
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breast tumor (benign)
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fibroadenoma
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Bug in debilitated, hospitalized pneumonia patient
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Klebsiella
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Cadiac primary tumor in kids
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rhabdomyoma
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cardiac manifestation of lupus
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Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting mitral valve)
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cardiac tumor of adults
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1. metastasis
2. primary myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium, "ball and chain") |
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cardiomyopathy
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dilated cardiomyopathy (40% are familial)
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cerebellar tonsillar herniation
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Arnold-Chiari malformation (often causes hydrocephalus & syringomyelia)
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chronic arrhythmia
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atrial fib (high risk of emboli)
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chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
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predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
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clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
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DES exposure in utero
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congenital adrenal hyperplasia
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21-hydroxylase deficiency
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congenital cardiac anomaly
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MC is VSD
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congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
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Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin
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patient with ALL/CLL.AML.CML
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ALL: child; CLL: adult > 60; AML: adult > 60; CML: adult 35-50
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Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney
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Turner's syndrome (XO, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema)
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Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi
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Gout/podagra (hyperuricemia)
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swollen gums, mucous bleeding, poor wounding healing, spots on skin
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Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency: can't hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis)
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swollen, hard, painful finger joints
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osteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP [Bouchard's nodes], DIP [Heberden's nodes])
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systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)
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aortic valve stenosis
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thyroid, parthyroid, adrenal tumors
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Sipple's syndrome (MEN 2A)
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ulcerated genital lesion with exudate - painful
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Chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)
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unilateral facial drooping
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Bell's palsy (LMN CN VII palsy)
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urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male
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Reiter's syndrome (reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27)
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Vascular birthmark (Port wine stain)
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hemangioma (benign, but assoc with Sturge-Weber syndrome)
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Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney
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Turner's syndrome (XO, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema)
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Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi
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Gout/podagra (hyperuricemia)
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swollen gums, mucous bleeding, poor wounding healing, spots on skin
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Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency: can't hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis)
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swollen, hard, painful finger joints
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osteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP [Bouchard's nodes], DIP [Heberden's nodes])
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systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)
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aortic valve stenosis
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thyroid, parthyroid, adrenal tumors
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Sipple's syndrome (MEN 2A)
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ulcerated genital lesion with exudate - painful
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Chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)
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unilateral facial drooping
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Bell's palsy (LMN CN VII palsy)
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urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male
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Reiter's syndrome (reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27)
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Vascular birthmark (Port wine stain)
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hemangioma (benign, but assoc with Sturge-Weber syndrome)
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Vasculitis from exposure to endotoxin causing glomerular thrombosis
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Scwartzman reactoin (following second exposure to endotoxin)
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Vomiting blood following esophagogastric lacerations
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Mallory-Weiss syndrome (alcoholics and eating disorders)
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"waxy" casts with very low urine flow
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chronic end-stage renal disease
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WBC casts in urine
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acute pyelonephritis
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weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy
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Whipple's disease (Tropheryma whippelii)
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"worst headache of my life"
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with Berry aneurysm (associated with APCKD)
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animal urine in water, jaundice, photophobia w/conjunctivitis
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Leptospira interrogans
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rash on palms and soles
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seconday syphyllis, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Coxsackie virus
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anti-transglutaminase/antigliadin antibodies
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celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)
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azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts
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auer rods (AML: esp t15;17)
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"bamboo spine" on xray
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ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis; HLA-B27)
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basophilic nuclear remnants in RBC
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Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
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basophilic stippling of RBCs
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lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
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bloody tap on LP
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subarachnoid hemorrhage
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anti-transglutaminase/antigliadin antibodies
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celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)
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"boot shaped" heart on xray
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TOF
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branching gram positive rods with sulfur granule
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Actinomyces israelii
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azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts
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auer rods (AML: esp t15;17)
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bronchogenic apical lung tumor
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pancoast tumors (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner's syndrome)
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"bamboo spine" on xray
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ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis; HLA-B27)
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basophilic nuclear remnants in RBC
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Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
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"brown" tumor of bone
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hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts due to:
1. hyperparathyroidism 2. osteitis fibrosa cystica |
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basophilic stippling of RBCs
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lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
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bloody tap on LP
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subarachnoid hemorrhage
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"boot shaped" heart on xray
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TOF
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branching gram positive rods with sulfur granule
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Actinomyces israelii
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bronchogenic apical lung tumor
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pancoast tumors (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner's syndrome)
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"brown" tumor of bone
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hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts due to:
1. hyperparathyroidism 2. osteitis fibrosa cystica |
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anti-transglutaminase/antigliadin antibodies
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celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)
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azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts
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auer rods (AML: esp t15;17)
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"bamboo spine" on xray
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ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis; HLA-B27)
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basophilic nuclear remnants in RBC
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Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
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basophilic stippling of RBCs
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lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
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bloody tap on LP
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subarachnoid hemorrhage
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"boot shaped" heart on xray
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TOF
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branching gram positive rods with sulfur granule
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Actinomyces israelii
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bronchogenic apical lung tumor
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pancoast tumors (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner's syndrome)
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"brown" tumor of bone
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hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts due to:
1. hyperparathyroidism 2. osteitis fibrosa cystica |
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cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
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Chagas disease (trypansoma cruzi)
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cellular crescents in Bowman's capsule
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rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
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"chocolate cysts" of ovaries
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endometriosis
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circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
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Homer-Wright rosettes (adrenal neurofibroma, medulloblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma)
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Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
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CF (CFTR mutation in Caucasians resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
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hypochromic, microcytic anemia
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iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (HbF sometimes present), anemia of chronic disease
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increased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
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neural tube defects or abdominal wall defects (anencephaly, spina bifida, omphalocele, gastroschisis)
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increased uric acid levels
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gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, myeloproliferative disorders, loop and thiazide diuretics
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intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
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Cowdy type A bodies (HSV)
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iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
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ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increased chance of mesothelioma)
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large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunocompromised
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Chediak - Higashi disease (failure of phagolysosome formation)
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low serum ceruloplasm
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Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
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"lumpy bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
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poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
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lytic ('hole punched" bone lesions on x-ray
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multiple myeloma
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mammary gland (blue domed cyst)
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fibrocystic change of the breast
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monoclonal antibody spike
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1. multiple myeloma (called the M protein; usually IgG or IgA)
2. monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) 3. Waldenstrom's (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia |
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Monoglonal globulin protein in blood/urine
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Bence Jones proteins (multiple myeloma [kappa or lambda Ig light chaing in urine]), Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (IgM)
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mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
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signet ring (gastric carcinoma)
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narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph
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"string sign" Crohn's disease
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needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
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gout (hyperuricemia)
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nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
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Kimmelstiel - Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
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"nutmeg" appearance of liver
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chronic passive of congestion of liver due to right heart failure
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"onion skin" periosteal reaction
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Ewing's sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)
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periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
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Codmann's triangle on x-ray: Ewing's sarcoma, osteosarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis
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Podocyte fusion on EM
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minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
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polished, "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
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Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
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protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau
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neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's disease and CJD)
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pseudopalisade tumor cell arrangement
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Glioblastoma multiforme
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RBC casts in urine
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acute glomerulonephritis
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MCC clear cell adenocarcinoma of vagina
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DES exposure in utero
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MCC congenital adrenal hyperplasia
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21-hydroxylase deficiency
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MCC congenital cardiac anomaly
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VSD
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MC congenital conugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
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Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
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MCC constrictive pericarditis in developing world
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Tuberculosis
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MC coronary artery involved in thrombosis
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LAD > RC > LCA
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Cretinism
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iodine deficient/hypothyroidism
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Cushing's syndrome
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1. corticosteroid therapy
2. excess ACTH secretion by pituitary |
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Cyanosis - early
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tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
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Cyanosis - late
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VAS, ASD, PDA, Eisenmeinger's syndrome
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MCC death in CML
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blast crisis
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MCC death in SLE
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lupus nephropathy assoc with anti-dsDNA
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MCC dementia
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1. Alzheimer's disease
2. multi infarcts |
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MC demyelinating disease
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multiple sclerosis
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MC DIC
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Sepsis, obstetric emergency, malignancy, nephrotic syndrome, transfusion
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MC dietary deficit
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iron
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MC diverticulum in pharynx
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Zenker's diverticulum (dx by barium swallow)
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MCC ejection click
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aortic/pulmonary stenosis
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MCC food poisoning
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exotoxin of S. aureus or Bacillus cereus
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MC esophageal cancer
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squamous cell carcinoma
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MC gene involved in cancer
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p53
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MCC glomerulonephritis in adults
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Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy)
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MC gynecological malignancy
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endometrial carcinoma
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MC heart murmur
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mitral valve prolapse
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MC heart valve involved in bacterial endocarditis
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mitral > tricuspid > aortic
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MC helminth infection in US
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1. Enterobius vermicularis
2. ascaris lumbricoides |
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MC vitamin deficit
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folate
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Epidural hematoma
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rupture of middle meningeal artery leading to fast arterial bleeding and lens shape lesion
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subdural hematoma
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rupture of bridging vessels leading to slow bleeding and crescent shaped lesion
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hemochromatosis caused by
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multi blood transfusions (can result and CHF and increase risk of HCC) or genetic
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MCC hepatocellular carcinoma
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cirrhotic liver (often assoc with Hep B and Hep C)
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MC hereditary bleeding disVSD, tricusorder
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von Willebrand's disease
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MC hereditary harmless jaundice
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Gilbert's syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
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HLA-B27
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ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, ulcerative colitis
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HLA-DR3 or DR4
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diabetes meillitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE
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holosystolic murmur
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VSD, tricuspid regurg, mitral regurg
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Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
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Virchow's triad (results in venous thrombosis)
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secondary HTN
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renal disease
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hypoparathyroidism
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thryoidectomy
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hypopituitarism
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adenoma
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infection in blood transfusion
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hepatitis C
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kidney stones
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1. calcium = radiopaque
2. struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque 3. uric acid = radiolucent |
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late cyanotic shunt
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eisenmenger's syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)
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liver disease
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alcoholic liver disease
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lysosomal storage disease - MC
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Gaucher's disease
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MC male cancer
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prostatic carcinoma
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MC malignancy assoc with noninfectious fever
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Hodgkin's lymphoma
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MC malignant skin tumor
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basal cell carcinoma
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MCC mental retardation
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1. Down syndrome
2. fragile X |
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MC mets to bone
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breast, lung, thyroid, testes, prostate, kidney
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MC mets to brain
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lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney (RCC) and GI
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MC mets to liver
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colon, gastric, pancreatic, breast and lung carcinomas
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MCC mitral valve stenosis
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rheumatic heart disease
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MC motor neuron disease
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ALS
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MCC myocarditis
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coxsackie B virus
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MC neoplasm in kids
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1. ALL
2. cerebellar medulloblastoma |
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MC nephrotic syndrome in adults
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membranous glomerulonephritis
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abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly
|
Budd Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis)
* assoc BCP & polycythemia vera |
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achilles tendon xanthoma
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familial hypercholesterolemia
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adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC
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waterhouse-friedrichsen syndrome due to N. meningitidis
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arachnodactyly, lens discoloration, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints
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Marfan's syndrome due to fibrillin gene defect
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back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss
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pott's disease (vertebral TB)
|
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big toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape
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Babinski's sign (UMN defect) - normal in babies
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bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
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sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)
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blue sclera
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osteogenesis imperfecta (Type I collagen defect)
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bluish line on gingiva
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Burton's line (lead poisoning)
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bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis
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Paget's disease of bone (increase OB & OC activity)
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cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartomas)
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NF1 (+bilateral acoustic neuromas = NF2)
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calf pseudohypertrophy
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Muscular dystrophy (MC Duchenne's)
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"Cherry red spot" on macula
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Neiman Picks, central retinal artery occlusion, Tay sachs
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chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI
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Dressler's syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post MI fibrinous percarditis)
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child uses arms to stand from squat
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Gower's sign (muscular dystrophy = XR deleted dystrophin gene)
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child with fever develops red rash on face that spreads to body
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"slapped cheek", Erythema infectiosum aka Fifth disease - parvovirus B19 (ss DNA, nonenveloped virus, hammerhead)
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chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration
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Huntington's disease (AD CAG repeat expansion)
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chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps
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McArdle's disease (muscle phosphorylase deficiency)
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cold intolerance
|
hypothyroidism
|
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conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia
|
internuclear opthalmoplegia due to damage to MLF - if bilateral then it's multiple sclerosis but if it's unilateral then it's stroke
|
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continuous "machinery" heart murmur
|
PDA - assoc with congenital rubella
Open: PGE2 close: indomethacin |
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cutaneous/dermal edema due to CT deposition
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myxedema (hypothyroidism, Grave's disease)
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Dark purple skin/ mouth nodules
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Kaposi's sarcoma (usually AIDS patients esp gay men; assoc with HHV-8)
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deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation
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Kussmal breathing in DKA to blow out the acid
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dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
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Pellagra (vitamin B3 deficiency)
|
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dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, polyneuropathy
|
wet beri beri
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dog or cat bite resulting in infection
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pasturella multicocida
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dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
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Sjogren syndrome
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dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia
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Plummer Vinson syndrome
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elastic skin, hypermobility joints
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Ehlers Danlos syndrome (Type II collagen defect(
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enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node
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virchow nodule
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erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells
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Sezary syndrome (cutaneous T cell lymphoma) or mycosis fungoides
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facial muscle spasm upon tapping
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Chovstek sign (hypocalcemia)
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fat, female, forty, and fertile
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cholelithiasis
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fever, chills, HA, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis
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Jarisch-herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release)
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fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash
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measles (morbillivirus)
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fever, night sweats, weight loss
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B symptoms (lymphoma) or TB
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fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis
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peyronie's disease (connective tissue disorder)
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gout, mental retardation, self-mutilating behavior in boy
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Lesch-Nyhan disease (HGPRT deficiency)
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green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea and damage to putamen
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Wilson's disease (Kaiser-Flescher rings)
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hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands
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peutz-jeugher's syndrome
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hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurological symptoms
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Gaucher's disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency)
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hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts
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Alport's syndrome (type IV collagen deficiency)
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hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)
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Trousseau's sign (adenocarcinoma of pancrea or lung)
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hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility
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kluver-bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion)
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HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis
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Conn syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism)
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hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnea
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Blue bloater - chronic bronchitis: hyperplasia of mucous cells
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indurated, ulcerated genital lesion (non painful)
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chancre - 1st syph or gumma - 3rd syph
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infant with failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, neurdegeneration
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niemann pick disease (genetic spingomyelinase deficiency)
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infant with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive and hepatomegaly
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cori's disease (branching enzyme deficiency)
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infant with microcephaly, rocker bottom feet, and structural heart defect
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Edward's syndrome (trisomy 18)
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jaundice, RUQ pain, fever
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Charcot's triad (ascending cholangitis)
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keratin pearls on skin lesion
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squamous cell carcinoma
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large rash with bull's eye appearance
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erythema chronicum migrans frmo tick bite (Lyme - borrelia0
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lucid interval after traumatic brain injury
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epidural hematoma - damage middle meningeal artery
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male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells
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Bruton's agammaglobulinemia (XL)
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mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time
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Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (defect in plt aggregation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa)
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multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumerary teeth
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Gardner's syndrome
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necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
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Wegner's (also involved upper airways) and Goodpasteur's syndromes
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neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth
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Erb-Duchenne palsy - superior trunk C5-C6 damage --> waiters tip
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no lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance
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Sheehan's syndrome (pituitary infarction)
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nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech
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multiple sclerosis
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oscillating slow/fast breathing
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Cheyne stokes respirations (central apnea in CHF or increase ICP)
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painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia
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Cold agglutination disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia cause by mycoplasma pneu, infectious mononucleosis)
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painful, pale, cold fingers and toes
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Raynaud's syndrome (vasospasm in extremities)
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painful, raised red lesions on palms and soles
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osler's nodes (infectious endocarditis)
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painless jaundice
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cancer of the pancreatic head obstructin bile duct
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palpable purpura, joint pain, abdominal pain (child)
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henonch schein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys)
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pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors
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MEN I
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pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation
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Pink puffer - emphysema: centroacinar assoc smoking, panacinar assoc with alpha 1 deficiency
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polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, cafe au lait, short stature in young girl
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McCune Albright syndrome (mosaic G protein signaling mutation)
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polyuria, acidosis, growth failure, electrolyte imbalance
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Fanconi's syndrome (proximal tubular reabsorption defect)
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positive anterior "drawer sign"
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anterior cruciate ligament injury
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ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
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horner's syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion)
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pupil accommodates but doesn't react
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argyl robertson pupil (neurosyphilis)
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rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends (following GI/URI)
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guillain-barre syndrome (autoimmune acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy)
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rash on palms and soles
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secondary syphyilis, Rocky Mtn spotted fever
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recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE
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Job's syndrome (hyper IgE syndrome: neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality)
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red "currant jelly" sputum
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klebsiella pneumoniae
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red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola
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Paget's dsiease of the breast (represents underlying neoplasm)
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red urine in the morning
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paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
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renal cell carcinoma, hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, phenchromocytoma
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von Hipple Lindau disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation)
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resting tremor, rigiditiy, akinesia, postural instability
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Parkinson's disease (nigrostriatal dopamine depletion)
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restrictive cardiomyopathy (juvenile form: cardiomegaly), exercise intolerance
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Pompe's disease (lysosomal glucosidase depletion)
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retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
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Roth's spots (bacterial endocarditis)
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severe jaundice in neonate
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Crigler Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
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severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness
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McBurney's sign (appendicitis)
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short stature, increase incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia
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Fanconi's anemia (genetically inherited; often progresses to AML)
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single palm crease
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simian crease (Down syndrome)
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situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis
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kartagener's syndrome (dynein defect affecting cilia)
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skin hyperpigmentation
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Addison's disease (primary adrenocortical insufficiency of autoimmune or infectious etiology)
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slow, progressive muscle weakness in boy
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Becker's muscular dystrophy (X-linked, defective dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne's)
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small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers
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koplik spots (measles)
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small, nontender, erythematous lesions on palms/soles
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Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis)
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smooth, flat moist white lesions on genitals
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condylomata lata (secondary syphillis)
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splinter hemorrhages in fingernail
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bacterial endocarditis
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"strawberry tongue"
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scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome
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anticentromere antibodies
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scleroderma (CREST)
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antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies
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pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
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anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
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Goodpasteur syndrome (glomerulonephritis and lung hemorrhage)
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antihistone antibodies
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Drug induced SLE
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anti-IgG antibodies
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rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation,joint pannus, boutonneire deformity) IgM vs IgG
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antimitochondrial antibodies
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primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)
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antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
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Wegner's - C, microscopic polyangitis - P, glomerulonephritis - Pauci immune
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antinuclear antibodies (anti Smith and anti-dsDNA)
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SLE (Type III hypersensitivity)
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antiplatelet antibodies
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idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) - bleeding diathesis
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anti-topoisomerase antibodies
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diffuse systemic scleroderma
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opening snap heard best in left lateral decubitus position
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mitral stenosis
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opportunistic infection in AIDS
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PCP treat with TMP-SMX
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organ receiving mets
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adrenal glands
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organ sending mets
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lung > breast, stomach
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osteomyelitis
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S. aureus
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MCC osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
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salmonella
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MCC osteomyelitis with IV drug abuse
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pseudomonas
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MCC ovarian mets from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer
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Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet cells)
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MC benign ovarian tumor
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serous cystadenoma
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MC malignant ovarian tumor
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serous cystadenocarcinoma
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pancreatic tumor
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adenocarcinoma (head of pancreas)
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pancreatic tumor
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adenocarcinoma (head of pancreas)
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pancreatitis (acute)
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EtOH and gallstones
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pancreatitis (acute)
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EtOH and gallstones
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pancreatitis chronic
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EtOH adults and Cf in kids
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pancreatitis chronic
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EtOH adults and Cf in kids
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patients with ALL/CLL/AML/CML
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ALL - child, CLL adult > 60, AML adult > 60, CML adult 33-50
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patients with ALL/CLL/AML/CML
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ALL - child, CLL adult > 60, AML adult > 60, CML adult 33-50
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patients with hodgkins disease
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young male except nodular sclerosing is young female
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patients with hodgkins disease
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young male except nodular sclerosing is young female
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pelvic inflammatory disease
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Neisseria gonorrheae
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opening snap heard best in left lateral decubitus position
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mitral stenosis
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pelvic inflammatory disease
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Neisseria gonorrheae
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philadelphia chromosome (BCR-abl)
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CML
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opportunistic infection in AIDS
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PCP treat with TMP-SMX
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philadelphia chromosome (BCR-abl)
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CML
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organ receiving mets
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adrenal glands
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pituitary tumor
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1. prolactinoma 2. somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma
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pituitary tumor
|
1. prolactinoma 2. somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma
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organ sending mets
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lung > breast, stomach
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pneumonia, hospital acquired
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klebsiella
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pneumonia, hospital acquired
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klebsiella
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primary amenorrhea
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Turner's syndrome XO
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osteomyelitis
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S. aureus
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opening snap heard best in left lateral decubitus position
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mitral stenosis
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primary amenorrhea
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Turner's syndrome XO
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MCC osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
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salmonella
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opportunistic infection in AIDS
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PCP treat with TMP-SMX
|
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organ receiving mets
|
adrenal glands
|
|
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MCC osteomyelitis with IV drug abuse
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pseudomonas
|
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organ sending mets
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lung > breast, stomach
|
|
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MCC ovarian mets from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer
|
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet cells)
|
|
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osteomyelitis
|
S. aureus
|
|
|
MC benign ovarian tumor
|
serous cystadenoma
|
|
|
MCC osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
|
salmonella
|
|
|
MC malignant ovarian tumor
|
serous cystadenocarcinoma
|
|
|
MCC osteomyelitis with IV drug abuse
|
pseudomonas
|
|
|
MCC ovarian mets from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer
|
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet cells)
|
|
|
MC benign ovarian tumor
|
serous cystadenoma
|
|
|
MC malignant ovarian tumor
|
serous cystadenocarcinoma
|
|
|
pancreatic tumor
|
adenocarcinoma
|
|
|
acute pancreatitis
|
alcohol and gallstone
|
|
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chronic pancreatitis
|
alcohol in adults, Cf in children
|
|
|
patients with ALL/CLL/AML/CML
|
ALL - kids, CLL > 60, AML > 60, CML 33-50
|
|
|
patient with hodgkin disease
|
young man except nodular sclerosing type is young woman
|
|
|
pelvic inflammatory disease
|
neisseria gonorrhoeae
|
|
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philadelphia chromosome
|
CML
|
|
|
pituitary tumor
|
1. prolactinoma, 2. somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma
|
|
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pneumonia, hospital acquired
|
klebsiella
|
|
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MCC primary amenorrhea
|
turner's syndrome (XO)
|
|
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MC primary bone tumor
|
multiple myeloma
|
|
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MC pirmary hyperaldosteronism
|
adenoma of adrenal cortex
|
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primary hyperparathyroidism
|
1. adenomas, 2. hyperplasia, 3. carcinoma
|
|
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primary liver cancer
|
hepatocellular carcinoma (increased AFP)
|
|
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recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
|
Buerger's disease - assoc with tobacco
|
|
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renal tumor
|
RCC: assoc with von Hipple lindau and ADPKD, paraneoplastic syndromes
|
|
|
right hear failure due to pulmonary cause
|
cor pulmonale
|
|
|
S3 (protodiastolic gallop)
|
increased ventricular filling (L -> R shunt, mitral regurg, LV failure) - dilated ventricle
|
|
|
S4 (presystolic gallop)
|
stiff/hypertrophic ventricles (AS, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
|
|
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sexually transmitted disease
|
chlamydia
|
|
|
SIADH
|
small cell carcinoma of the lung
|
|
|
site of diverticula
|
sigmoid colon
|
|
|
site of mets
|
1. regional lymph nodes
2. liver |
|
|
sites of atherosclerosis
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abd aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid
|
|
|
stomach cancer
|
adenocarcinoma
|
|
|
stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels
|
zollinger ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
|
|
|
t(14;18)
|
follicular lymphoma (bcl-2 activation)
|
|
|
t(8;14)
|
Burkitt's lymphoma (C-myc)
|
|
|
t(9;22)
|
CML (bcr-abl)
|
|
|
t(11;22)
|
Ewing's sarcoma
|
|
|
temporal arteritis
|
risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; giant cell arteritis; increased ESR
|
|
|
MC testicular tumor
|
seminoma
|
|
|
MC thyroid tumor
|
papillary carcinoma assoc irradiation and psammoma bodies
|
|
|
tumor in women
|
leiomyoma (estrogen dependent)
|
|
|
tumor of infancy
|
hemangioma
|
|
|
tumor of adrenal medulla (adults)
|
pheochoromoctyoma (usually bening)
|
|
|
tumor of adrenal medulla (kids)
|
neuroblastoma (malignant) with Homer wright rosettes
|
|
|
MC type of hodgkins
|
nodular sclerosis
|
|
|
MC type of non-hodgkins
|
diffuse large cell
|
|
|
UTI causes
|
80% is E.coli, s. saprophyticus in young women
|
|
|
MC viral encephalitis
|
HSV
|
|
|
MC vitamin deficiency
|
folic acid (pregnant women are at high risk, body stores only 3-4 month supply)
|
