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135 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Actinic (solar) keratosis |
Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
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Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
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Cushing ulcer (increased intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric secretion)
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Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns |
Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in slouging of gastric mucosa)
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Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
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Skip lesions (Crohn's)
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Aortic dissection |
Hypertension
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Aortic aneurysm, abdominal
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Atherosclerosis
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Aortic aneurysm, arch or ascending |
3* syphilis (syhpilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction
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Aortic aneurysm, thoracic |
Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)
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Atrophy of the mammillary bodies
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Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, opthalmoplegia, and confusion)
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Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage) |
Sickle cell anemia (hemoglobing S)
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Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer |
H. pylori
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Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
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Streptococcus pneumonia
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Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)
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Group B streptococcus/E.coli (newborns), S. pnuemoniae/N.meningitidis (kids)
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Bilateral ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma |
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet ring cells) |
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Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency |
Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)
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Brain tumor (adults)
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Supratentorial: metastasis > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma
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Brain tumor (kids)
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Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma
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Breast cancer
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Infiltrating ductal carcinoma
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Breast mass
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Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)
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Breast tumor (benign)
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Fibroadenoma
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Cardiac 1* tumor (kids)
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Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
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Cardiac manifestation of lupus |
Libman-Sacks endocarditis (non-bacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)
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Cardiac tumor (adults)
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Metastasis, 1* myxoma (4:1 left:right atrium "ball and valve")
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Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
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Chiari II malformation
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Chronic arrhythmia
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Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)
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Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
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Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
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Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
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DES exposure in utero
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Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
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21-hydroxylase deficiency |
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Congenital cardiac anomaly
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VSD |
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Congenital conjugated hyperbulirubinemia (black liver)
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Dubin-Johnson syndrom (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
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Constrictive pericarditis
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TB (developing world); SLE (developed world)
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Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
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LAD> RCA> LCA
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Cretinism
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Iodine deficit/ hypothyroidism
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Cushing syndrome
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* Iatrogenic Cushing (from corticosteroid therapy), * Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol), * ACTH- secreting pituitary adenoma, * Paraneoplastic Cushing (due to ACTH secretion by tumors) |
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Cyanosis (early; less common)
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Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
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Cyanosis (late; more common)
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VSD, ASD, PDA
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Death in CML
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Blast crisis
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Death in SLE
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Lupus nephropathy |
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Dementia
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Alzheimer disease, multiple infarcts
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Demyelinating disease in young women
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Multiple sclerosis
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DIC
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Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery
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Dietary deficit
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Iron
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Diverticulum in pharynx
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Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
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Ejection click
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Aortic/pulmonic stenosis
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Esophageal cancer
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Squamous cell carcinoma (world wide); adenocarcinoma (U.S.)
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Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)
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S. aureus, B. cereus
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Glomerulonephritis (adults)
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Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)
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Gynecologic malignancy
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Endometrial carcinoma (most common in U.S.); cervical carcinoma (most common world wid)
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Heart murmur, congenital
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Mitral valve prolapse
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Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
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Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)
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Helminth infection (US)
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Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides
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Hematoma- epidural
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Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)
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Hematoma- subdural
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Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)
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Hemochromatosis
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Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, "bronze diabetes" and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma |
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Hepatocellular carcinoma
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Cirhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C and with alcoholism)
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Hereditary bleeding disorder
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von Willebrand disease
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HLA - B27
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Ankylosing spondylitis
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HLA - DR3 or DR4
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DR3- Diabetes mellitus type I, SLE, Graves disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis
DR4- Diabetes mellitus type 2, rheumatoid arthritis |
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Holosystolic murmur
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VSD, tricuspid regurg, mitral regurg
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Hypercoagulability, enothelial damage, blood stasis
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Virchow's triad (results in venous thrombosis
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Hypertension, secondary
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Renal disease
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Hypoparathyroidism
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Accidental excision during thyroidectomy
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Hypopituitarism
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Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)
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Infection secondary to blood transfusion
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Hepatitis C
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Infections in chronic granulomatous disease
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Staph aureus, E coli, Aspergillus (catalse positive)
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Kidney stones
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1. Calcium=radiopaque, 2. Struvite (ammonium)=radiopaque (formed by urease positive organisms such as Proteus vulgarus or Staphylococcus), 3. Uric acid=radiolucent
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Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected L-->R becomes R-->L)
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Eisenmnger's syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)
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Liver disease |
Alcoholic cirrhosis
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Lysosomal Storage Disease
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Gaucher's disease
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Male cancer
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Prostatic carcinoma
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Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
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Hodgkin's lymphoma
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Malignant skin tumor
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basal cell carcinoma (rarely metastasizes) |
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Malignancy (in kids) |
ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum) |
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Metastases to bone
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Breast, lung, thyroid, testes, prostate, kidney
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Metastases to brain
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Lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney (renal cell carcinoma), GI
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Metastases to liver
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Colon, gastric, pancreatic, breast and lung carcinomas
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Mitochondrial inheritance
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Disease occurs in both males and female, inherited through females only
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Mitral valve stenosis
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Rheumatic heart disease
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Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease
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ALS
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Myocarditis
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Coxsackie B
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Intellectual disability |
Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome |
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Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
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Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
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Nephrotic syndrome (kids) |
MInimal change disease (asociated with infections/vaccinations; treat with corticosteroids)
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Neuron migration failure
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Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hyogonadism and anosmia)
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Nosocomial pneumonia
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Klebsiella, E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Obstruction of male urinary tract
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BPH
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Opening snap
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Mitral stenosis
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Oppurtunistic infection in AIDS
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Pneumocystitis jirovecii pneumonia
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Osteomyelitis
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S. aureus
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Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
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Salmonella
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Osteomyelitis with IV drug use
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Pseudomonas, S. aureus
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Ovarian tumor (benign, b/l)
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Serous cystadenoma
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Ovarian tumor (malignant)
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Serous cystadenocarcinoma |
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Pancreatitis (acute)
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Gallstones, alcohol
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Pancreatitis (chronic)
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Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)
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Patients with ALL/CLL/AML/CML
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ALL: child, CLL: adult>60, AML: adult ~65, CML: adult 30-60 |
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Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
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Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae
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Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (bcr-abl fusion)
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CML (may be associated with ALL/AML) |
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Pituitary tumor
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Prolactinoma, somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma
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1* amenorrhea
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Turner syndrome (45,XO)
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1* bone tumor (adults)
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Multiple myeloma
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1* hyperaldosteronism
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Adenoma of adrenal cortex
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1* hyperparathyroidism
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Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
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1* liver cancer
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Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, a1-antitrypsin deficiency)
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Pulmonary hypertension
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COPD
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Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
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Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco) |
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Renal tumor
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Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)
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Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause
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Cor pulmonale
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S3 (protodiastolic gallop)
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increased ventricular filling (L-> R shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure {CHF})
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S4 (presystolic gallop)
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Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
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2* hyperparathyroidism
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Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease |
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Sexually transmitted disease
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Chlamydia (usually coinfection with gonorrhea)
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SIADH
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Small cell carcinoma of the lung
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Site of diverticula
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Sigmoid colon
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Sites of atherosclerosis
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Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery
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Stomach cancer
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Adenocarcinoma
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Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels
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Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
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t(14;18)
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Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)
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t(8;14)
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Burkitt lymphoma
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t(9;22)
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Philadelphia chromosome CML (bcr-abl fusion)
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Temporal arteritis
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Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of opthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica |
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Testicular tumor
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Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive) |
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Thyroid cancer
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Papillary carcinoma
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Tumor in women
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Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
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Tumor in infancy
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Hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood) |
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Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
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Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
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Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)
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Neuroblastomas (malignant)
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Type of Hodgkin
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Nodular sclerosis (vs mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
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Type of non-hodgkin
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Diffuse large cell
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UTI
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E.coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
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Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
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HSV-1
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Vitamin deficiency (US)
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Folate (pregnant women at high risk, body stores 3-4 month supply; prevents neural tube defects)
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Vertebral compression fracture |
Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman; type II: elderly man or woman) |
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Bilateral ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma |
Krukenberg tumor (mucin secreting signet ring cells) |
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Hereditary harmless jaundice |
Gilbet syndrome (beningn congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia) |
