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134 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Disease/Finding:
Actinic (solar) keratosis
Important Associations:
Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
Disease/Finding:
Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
Important Associations:
Cushing's ulcer (increased ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion)
Disease/Finding:
Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
Important Associations:
Cushing's ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
Disease/Finding:
Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
Important Associations:
Skip lesions (Crohn's disease)
Disease/Finding:
Aneurysm, dissecting
Important Associations:
Hypertension
Disease/Finding:
Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta
Important Associations:
Atherosclerosis
Disease/Finding:
Aortic aneurysm, ascending
Important Associations:
Marfan's syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)
Disease/Finding:
Atrophy of the mammillary bodies
Important Associations:
Wernick'es encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)
Disease/Finding:
Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
Important Associations:
Sickle cell anemia (HbS)
Disease/Finding:
Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer
Important Associations:
H. pylori
Disease/Finding:
Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
Important Associations:
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Disease/Finding:
Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)
Important Associations:
Group B strep (newborns), S. pneumoniae/Neisseria meningitidis (kids)
Disease/Finding:
Benign melanocytic nevus
Important Associations:
Spitz nevus (most common in the first two decades)
Disease/Finding:
Bleeding disorder with Gplb deficiency
Important Associations:
Bernard-soulier disease(defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand's factor)
Disease/Finding:
Brain tumor (kids)
Important Associations:
Infratentorial: meduloblastoma (cerebellum)
Supratentorial: craniopharyngioma (cerebrum)
Disease/Finding:
Brain tumor (adults)
Important Associations:
Supratentorial: mets . astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma
Disease/Finding:
Breast cancer
Important Associations:
Infiltrading ductal carcinoma
Disease/Finding:
Breast mass
Important Associations:
1. Fibrocystic change
2. Garcinoma (in postmenopausal women)
Disease/Finding:
Breast tumor (benign)
Important Associations:
Fibroadenoma
Disease/Finding:
Primary Cardiac tumor (kids)
Important Associations:
Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
Disease/Finding:
Cardiac manifestation of lupus
Important Associations:
Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)
Disease/Finding:
Cardiac tumor (adults)
Important Associations:
1. Metastasis
2. Primary myxoma (4:1 L to R atrium; "ball and valve")
Disease/Finding:
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
Important Associations:
Chiari malformation (often presents with progressive hydrocephalus or syringomyelia)
Disease/Finding:
Chronic arrhythmia
Important Associations:
Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk emboli)
Disease/Finding:
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
Important Associations:
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
Disease/Finding:
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
Important Associations:
DES exposure in utero
Disease/Finding:
Compression fracture
Important Associations:
Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal women; type II: elderly man or woman)
Disease/Finding:
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
Important Associations:
21-hydroxylase deficiency
Disease/Finding:
Congenital cardiac anomaly
Important Associations:
VSD
Disease/Finding:
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Important Associations:
Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
Disease/Finding:
Constrictive pericarditis
Important Associations:
Tuberculosis (developing world); systemic lupus erythematosus (developed world)
Disease/Finding:
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
Important Associations:
LAD>RCA>LCA
Disease/Finding:
Cretinism
Important Associations:
Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
Disease/Finding:
Cushing's syndrome
Important Associations:
1. Corticosteroid therapy
2. Excess ACTH secretion by pituitary
3. Small cell lung carcinoma
Disease/Finding:
Cyanosis (early; less common)
Important Associations:
Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, trucus arteriosus
Disease/Finding:
Cyanosis (late; more common)
Important Associations:
VSD, ASD, PDA
Disease/Finding:
Death in CML
Important Associations:
Blast crisis
Disease/Finding:
Death in SLE
Important Associations:
Lupus nephropathy
Disease/Finding:
Dementia
Important Associations:
1. Alzheimer's disease
2. Multiple infarcts
Disease/Finding:
Demyelinating disease in young women
Important Associations:
Multiple sclerosis
Disease/Finding:
DIC
Important Associations:
Gram-negative sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burn trauma
Disease/Finding:
Dietary deficit
Important Associations:
Iron
Disease/Finding:
Diverticulum in pharynx
Important Associations:
Zenker's diverticulum (Ds by barium swallow)
Disease/Finding:
Ejection click
Important Associations:
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis
Disease/Finding:
Esophageal cancer
Important Associations:
Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (US)
Disease/Finding:
Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)
Important associations:
S. aureus, B. cereus
Disease/Finding:
Glomerulonephritis (adults)
Important associations:
Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy)
Disease/Finding:
Gynecologic malignancy
Important associations:
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)
Disease/Finding:
Heart murmur, congenital
Important associations:
Mitral valve prolapse
Disease/Finding:
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
Important associations:
Mitral (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse), aortic (2nd affected in rheumatic fever)
Disease/Finding:
Helminth infection (US)
Important associations:
1. Enterobius vermicularis
2. Ascaris lumbricoides
Disease/Finding:
Hematoma-epidural
Important associations:
Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; letiform shaped)
Disease/Finding:
Hematoma-subdural
Important associations:
Rupture of bridging veins (chresent shaped)
Disease/Finding:
Hemochromatosis
Important associations:
Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, "bronze diabetes," and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
Disease/Finding:
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Important associations:
Cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C)
Disease/Finding:
Hereditary bleeding disorder
Important associations:
von Willebrand's disease
Disease/Finding:
Hereditary harmless jaundice
Important associations:
Gilbert's syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
Disease/Finding:
HLA-B27
Important associations:
Ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis
Disease/Finding:
HLA-DR3 or DR4
Important associations:
Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE
Disease/Finding:
Holosystolic murmur
Important associations:
VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
Disease/Finding:
Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
Important associations:
Virchow's triad (results in venous thrombosis)
Disease/Finding:
Secondary Hypertension
Important associations:
Renal Disease
Disease/Finding:
Hypoparathyroidism
Important associations:
Accidental excision during thyroidectomy
Disease/Finding:
Hypopituitarism
Important associations:
Pituitary ademoa (usually benign tumor)
Disease/Finding:
Infection secondary to blood transfusion
Important associations:
Hepatitis C
Disease/Finding:
Infections in chronic granulomatous disease
Important Associations:
Staph. aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase positive organisms)
Disease/Finding:
Kidney stones
Important Associations:
1. Calcium=radiopaque
2. Struvite (ammonium=radiopaque (ormed by urease-positive organisms such as Proteus vulgaris or Staph)
3. Uric acid=radiolucent
Disease/Finding:
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected L to R becomes R to L)
Important Associations:
Eisenmenger's syndrome (caused by ASD, VSC, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)
Disease/Finding:
Liver disease
Important Associations:
Alcoholic cirrhosis
Disease/Finding:
Lysosomal storage disease
Important Associations:
Gaucher's disease
Disease/Finding:
Male cancer
Important Associations:
Prostatic carcinoma
Disease/Finding:
Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
Important Associations:
Hodgkin's lymphoma
Disease/Finding:
Malignant skin tumor
Important Associations:
Basal cell carcinoma (rarely metastasizes)
Disease/Finding:
Mental retardation
Important Associations:
1. Down syndrome
2. Fragile X syndrome
Disease/Finding:
Metastases to bone
Important Associations:
Breast, lung, thyroid, testes, prostate, kidney
Disease/Finding:
Metastases to brain
Important Associations:
Lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney (renal cell carcinoma), GI
Disease/Finding:
Metastases to liver
Important Associations:
Colon, gastric, pancreatic breast and lung carcinomas
Disease/Finding:
mitochondrial inheritance
Important Associations:
Disease occurs in moth males and females (inherited through females only)
Disease/Finding:
Mitral valve stenosis
Important Associations:
Rheumatic heart disease
Disease/Finding:
Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease
Important Associations:
ALS
Disease/Finding:
Myocarditis
Important Associations:
Coxsackie B
Disease/Finding:
Neoplasm (kids)
Important Associations:
1. ALL
2. Cerebellar medulloblastoma
Disease/Finding:
Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
Important Associations:
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Disease/Finding:
Nephrotic syndrome (kids)
Important Associations:
Minimal change disease (associated with infections/vaccinations; treat with corticosteroids)
Disease/Finding:
Neuron migration failure
Important Associations:
Kallmann syndrome
Disease/Finding:
Nosocomial pneumonia
Important Associations:
Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Disease/Finding:
Obstruction of male urinary tract
Important Associations:
BPH
Disease/Finding:
Opening snap
Important Associations:
Mitral stenosis
Disease/Finding:
Opportunistic infection in AIDS
Important Associations:
Pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly carinii) pneumonia
Disease/Finding:
Osteomyelitis
Important Associations:
S. aureus
Disease/Finding:
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
Important Associations:
Salmonella
Disease/Finding:
Osteomyelitis with IV drug use
Important Associations:
Pseudomonas, S. aureus
Disease/Finding:
Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer
Important Associations:
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)
Disease/Finding:
Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)
Important Associations:
Serous cystadenoma
Disease/Finding:
Ovarian tumor (malignant)
Important Associations:
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
Disease/Finding:
Pancreatitis (acute)
Important Associations:
Gallstones, alcohol
Disease/Finding:
Pancreatitis (chronic)
Important Associations:
Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)
Disease/Finding:
Patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML
Important Associations:
ALL: child
CLL: adult >60
AML: adult ~60
CML: adult 30-60
Disease/Finding:
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Important Associations:
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (monoarticular arthritis)
Disease/Finding:
Philidephia chromosome t(9;22) (bcr-abl)
Important Associations:
CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)
Disease/Finding:
Pituitary tumor
Important Associations:
1. Prolactinoma
2. Somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma
Disease/Finding:
Primary ameorrhea
Important Associations:
Turner syndrome (45XO)
Disease/Finding:
Primary bone tumor (adults)
Important Associations:
Multiple myeloma
Disease/Finding:
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Important Associations:
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
Disease/Finding:
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Important Associations:
1. Adenomas
2. Hyperplasia
3. Carcinoma
Disease/Finding:
Primary liver cancer
Important Associations:
Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha-1 antitrypsin)
Disease/Finding:
Pulmonary hypertension
Important Associations:
COPD
Disease/Finding:
Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels
Important Associations:
Buerger's disease (strongly associated with tobacco)
Disease/Finding:
Renal tumor
Important Associations:
Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and adult polycystic kidney disease; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)
Disease/Finding:
Right heart failure due to pulmonary cause
Important Associations:
Cor pulmonale
Disease/Finding:
S3 (protodiastolic gallop)
Important Associations:
increased ventricular filling (L to R shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure [CHF])
Disease/Finding:
S4 (presystolic gallop)
Important Associations:
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
Disease/Finding:
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Important Associations:
Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
Disease/Finding:
Sexually transmitted disease
Important Associations:
Chlamydia (usually coinfected with gonorrhea)
Disease/Finding:
SIADH
Important Associations:
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
Disease/Finding:
Site of diverticula
Important Associations:
Sigmoid colon
Disease/Finding:
Sites of atherosclerosis
Important Associations:
Abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid
Disease/Finding:
Stomach cancer
Important Associations:
Adenocarcinoma
Disease/Finding:
Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels
Important Associations:
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
Disease/Finding:
t(14;18)
Important Associations:
Follicular lumphomas (bcl-2 activation)
Disease/Finding:
t(8;14)
Important Associations:
Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation)
Disease/Finding:
t(9;22)
Important Associations:
Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)
Disease/Finding:
Temporal arteritis
Important Associations:
Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica
Disease/Finding:
Testicular tumor
Important Associations:
Seminoma
Disease/Finding:
Thyroid cancer
Important Associations:
Papillary carcinoma
Disease/Finding:
Tumor in women
Important Associations:
Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
Disease/Finding:
Tumor of infancy
Important Associations:
Hemangioma (usualy regresses spontaneously by childhood)
Disease/Finding:
Tumor of adrenal medulla (adults)
Important Associations:
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
Disease/Finding:
Tumor of adrenal medulla (kids)
Important Associations:
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
Disease/Finding:
Type of Hodgkin's
Important Associations:
Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
Disease/Finding:
Type of non-Hodgkin's
Important Associations:
Diffuse large cell
Disease/Finding:
UTI
Important Associations:
E. coli, Staph saphrophyticus (young women)
Disease/Finding:
Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
Important Associations:
HSV-1
Disease/Finding:
Vitamin defeciency (US)
Important Associations:
Folic acid (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3 to 4 months; prevents neural tube defects)