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134 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Disease/Finding:
Actinic (solar) keratosis |
Important Associations:
Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma |
|
Disease/Finding:
Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury |
Important Associations:
Cushing's ulcer (increased ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns |
Important Associations:
Cushing's ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon |
Important Associations:
Skip lesions (Crohn's disease) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Aneurysm, dissecting |
Important Associations:
Hypertension |
|
Disease/Finding:
Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta |
Important Associations:
Atherosclerosis |
|
Disease/Finding:
Aortic aneurysm, ascending |
Important Associations:
Marfan's syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Atrophy of the mammillary bodies |
Important Associations:
Wernick'es encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage) |
Important Associations:
Sickle cell anemia (HbS) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer |
Important Associations:
H. pylori |
|
Disease/Finding:
Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly) |
Important Associations:
Streptococcus pneumoniae |
|
Disease/Finding:
Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids) |
Important Associations:
Group B strep (newborns), S. pneumoniae/Neisseria meningitidis (kids) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Benign melanocytic nevus |
Important Associations:
Spitz nevus (most common in the first two decades) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Bleeding disorder with Gplb deficiency |
Important Associations:
Bernard-soulier disease(defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand's factor) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Brain tumor (kids) |
Important Associations:
Infratentorial: meduloblastoma (cerebellum) Supratentorial: craniopharyngioma (cerebrum) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Brain tumor (adults) |
Important Associations:
Supratentorial: mets . astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma |
|
Disease/Finding:
Breast cancer |
Important Associations:
Infiltrading ductal carcinoma |
|
Disease/Finding:
Breast mass |
Important Associations:
1. Fibrocystic change 2. Garcinoma (in postmenopausal women) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Breast tumor (benign) |
Important Associations:
Fibroadenoma |
|
Disease/Finding:
Primary Cardiac tumor (kids) |
Important Associations:
Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis |
|
Disease/Finding:
Cardiac manifestation of lupus |
Important Associations:
Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Cardiac tumor (adults) |
Important Associations:
1. Metastasis 2. Primary myxoma (4:1 L to R atrium; "ball and valve") |
|
Disease/Finding:
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation |
Important Associations:
Chiari malformation (often presents with progressive hydrocephalus or syringomyelia) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Chronic arrhythmia |
Important Associations:
Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk emboli) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune) |
Important Associations:
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina |
Important Associations:
DES exposure in utero |
|
Disease/Finding:
Compression fracture |
Important Associations:
Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal women; type II: elderly man or woman) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension |
Important Associations:
21-hydroxylase deficiency |
|
Disease/Finding:
Congenital cardiac anomaly |
Important Associations:
VSD |
|
Disease/Finding:
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver) |
Important Associations:
Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Constrictive pericarditis |
Important Associations:
Tuberculosis (developing world); systemic lupus erythematosus (developed world) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis |
Important Associations:
LAD>RCA>LCA |
|
Disease/Finding:
Cretinism |
Important Associations:
Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism |
|
Disease/Finding:
Cushing's syndrome |
Important Associations:
1. Corticosteroid therapy 2. Excess ACTH secretion by pituitary 3. Small cell lung carcinoma |
|
Disease/Finding:
Cyanosis (early; less common) |
Important Associations:
Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, trucus arteriosus |
|
Disease/Finding:
Cyanosis (late; more common) |
Important Associations:
VSD, ASD, PDA |
|
Disease/Finding:
Death in CML |
Important Associations:
Blast crisis |
|
Disease/Finding:
Death in SLE |
Important Associations:
Lupus nephropathy |
|
Disease/Finding:
Dementia |
Important Associations:
1. Alzheimer's disease 2. Multiple infarcts |
|
Disease/Finding:
Demyelinating disease in young women |
Important Associations:
Multiple sclerosis |
|
Disease/Finding:
DIC |
Important Associations:
Gram-negative sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burn trauma |
|
Disease/Finding:
Dietary deficit |
Important Associations:
Iron |
|
Disease/Finding:
Diverticulum in pharynx |
Important Associations:
Zenker's diverticulum (Ds by barium swallow) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Ejection click |
Important Associations:
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis |
|
Disease/Finding:
Esophageal cancer |
Important Associations:
Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (US) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated) |
Important associations:
S. aureus, B. cereus |
|
Disease/Finding:
Glomerulonephritis (adults) |
Important associations:
Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Gynecologic malignancy |
Important associations:
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Heart murmur, congenital |
Important associations:
Mitral valve prolapse |
|
Disease/Finding:
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis |
Important associations:
Mitral (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse), aortic (2nd affected in rheumatic fever) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Helminth infection (US) |
Important associations:
1. Enterobius vermicularis 2. Ascaris lumbricoides |
|
Disease/Finding:
Hematoma-epidural |
Important associations:
Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; letiform shaped) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Hematoma-subdural |
Important associations:
Rupture of bridging veins (chresent shaped) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Hemochromatosis |
Important associations:
Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, "bronze diabetes," and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Hepatocellular carcinoma |
Important associations:
Cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Hereditary bleeding disorder |
Important associations:
von Willebrand's disease |
|
Disease/Finding:
Hereditary harmless jaundice |
Important associations:
Gilbert's syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia) |
|
Disease/Finding:
HLA-B27 |
Important associations:
Ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis |
|
Disease/Finding:
HLA-DR3 or DR4 |
Important associations:
Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE |
|
Disease/Finding:
Holosystolic murmur |
Important associations:
VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation |
|
Disease/Finding:
Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis |
Important associations:
Virchow's triad (results in venous thrombosis) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Secondary Hypertension |
Important associations:
Renal Disease |
|
Disease/Finding:
Hypoparathyroidism |
Important associations:
Accidental excision during thyroidectomy |
|
Disease/Finding:
Hypopituitarism |
Important associations:
Pituitary ademoa (usually benign tumor) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Infection secondary to blood transfusion |
Important associations:
Hepatitis C |
|
Disease/Finding:
Infections in chronic granulomatous disease |
Important Associations:
Staph. aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase positive organisms) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Kidney stones |
Important Associations:
1. Calcium=radiopaque 2. Struvite (ammonium=radiopaque (ormed by urease-positive organisms such as Proteus vulgaris or Staph) 3. Uric acid=radiolucent |
|
Disease/Finding:
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected L to R becomes R to L) |
Important Associations:
Eisenmenger's syndrome (caused by ASD, VSC, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Liver disease |
Important Associations:
Alcoholic cirrhosis |
|
Disease/Finding:
Lysosomal storage disease |
Important Associations:
Gaucher's disease |
|
Disease/Finding:
Male cancer |
Important Associations:
Prostatic carcinoma |
|
Disease/Finding:
Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever |
Important Associations:
Hodgkin's lymphoma |
|
Disease/Finding:
Malignant skin tumor |
Important Associations:
Basal cell carcinoma (rarely metastasizes) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Mental retardation |
Important Associations:
1. Down syndrome 2. Fragile X syndrome |
|
Disease/Finding:
Metastases to bone |
Important Associations:
Breast, lung, thyroid, testes, prostate, kidney |
|
Disease/Finding:
Metastases to brain |
Important Associations:
Lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney (renal cell carcinoma), GI |
|
Disease/Finding:
Metastases to liver |
Important Associations:
Colon, gastric, pancreatic breast and lung carcinomas |
|
Disease/Finding:
mitochondrial inheritance |
Important Associations:
Disease occurs in moth males and females (inherited through females only) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Mitral valve stenosis |
Important Associations:
Rheumatic heart disease |
|
Disease/Finding:
Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease |
Important Associations:
ALS |
|
Disease/Finding:
Myocarditis |
Important Associations:
Coxsackie B |
|
Disease/Finding:
Neoplasm (kids) |
Important Associations:
1. ALL 2. Cerebellar medulloblastoma |
|
Disease/Finding:
Nephrotic syndrome (adults) |
Important Associations:
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis |
|
Disease/Finding:
Nephrotic syndrome (kids) |
Important Associations:
Minimal change disease (associated with infections/vaccinations; treat with corticosteroids) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Neuron migration failure |
Important Associations:
Kallmann syndrome |
|
Disease/Finding:
Nosocomial pneumonia |
Important Associations:
Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
|
Disease/Finding:
Obstruction of male urinary tract |
Important Associations:
BPH |
|
Disease/Finding:
Opening snap |
Important Associations:
Mitral stenosis |
|
Disease/Finding:
Opportunistic infection in AIDS |
Important Associations:
Pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly carinii) pneumonia |
|
Disease/Finding:
Osteomyelitis |
Important Associations:
S. aureus |
|
Disease/Finding:
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease |
Important Associations:
Salmonella |
|
Disease/Finding:
Osteomyelitis with IV drug use |
Important Associations:
Pseudomonas, S. aureus |
|
Disease/Finding:
Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer |
Important Associations:
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral) |
Important Associations:
Serous cystadenoma |
|
Disease/Finding:
Ovarian tumor (malignant) |
Important Associations:
Serous cystadenocarcinoma |
|
Disease/Finding:
Pancreatitis (acute) |
Important Associations:
Gallstones, alcohol |
|
Disease/Finding:
Pancreatitis (chronic) |
Important Associations:
Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML |
Important Associations:
ALL: child CLL: adult >60 AML: adult ~60 CML: adult 30-60 |
|
Disease/Finding:
Pelvic inflammatory disease |
Important Associations:
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (monoarticular arthritis) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Philidephia chromosome t(9;22) (bcr-abl) |
Important Associations:
CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Pituitary tumor |
Important Associations:
1. Prolactinoma 2. Somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma |
|
Disease/Finding:
Primary ameorrhea |
Important Associations:
Turner syndrome (45XO) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Primary bone tumor (adults) |
Important Associations:
Multiple myeloma |
|
Disease/Finding:
Primary hyperaldosteronism |
Important Associations:
Adenoma of adrenal cortex |
|
Disease/Finding:
Primary hyperparathyroidism |
Important Associations:
1. Adenomas 2. Hyperplasia 3. Carcinoma |
|
Disease/Finding:
Primary liver cancer |
Important Associations:
Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha-1 antitrypsin) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Pulmonary hypertension |
Important Associations:
COPD |
|
Disease/Finding:
Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels |
Important Associations:
Buerger's disease (strongly associated with tobacco) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Renal tumor |
Important Associations:
Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and adult polycystic kidney disease; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Right heart failure due to pulmonary cause |
Important Associations:
Cor pulmonale |
|
Disease/Finding:
S3 (protodiastolic gallop) |
Important Associations:
increased ventricular filling (L to R shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure [CHF]) |
|
Disease/Finding:
S4 (presystolic gallop) |
Important Associations:
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Secondary hyperparathyroidism |
Important Associations:
Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease |
|
Disease/Finding:
Sexually transmitted disease |
Important Associations:
Chlamydia (usually coinfected with gonorrhea) |
|
Disease/Finding:
SIADH |
Important Associations:
Small cell carcinoma of the lung |
|
Disease/Finding:
Site of diverticula |
Important Associations:
Sigmoid colon |
|
Disease/Finding:
Sites of atherosclerosis |
Important Associations:
Abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid |
|
Disease/Finding:
Stomach cancer |
Important Associations:
Adenocarcinoma |
|
Disease/Finding:
Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels |
Important Associations:
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas) |
|
Disease/Finding:
t(14;18) |
Important Associations:
Follicular lumphomas (bcl-2 activation) |
|
Disease/Finding:
t(8;14) |
Important Associations:
Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation) |
|
Disease/Finding:
t(9;22) |
Important Associations:
Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Temporal arteritis |
Important Associations:
Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica |
|
Disease/Finding:
Testicular tumor |
Important Associations:
Seminoma |
|
Disease/Finding:
Thyroid cancer |
Important Associations:
Papillary carcinoma |
|
Disease/Finding:
Tumor in women |
Important Associations:
Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Tumor of infancy |
Important Associations:
Hemangioma (usualy regresses spontaneously by childhood) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Tumor of adrenal medulla (adults) |
Important Associations:
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Tumor of adrenal medulla (kids) |
Important Associations:
Neuroblastoma (malignant) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Type of Hodgkin's |
Important Associations:
Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Type of non-Hodgkin's |
Important Associations:
Diffuse large cell |
|
Disease/Finding:
UTI |
Important Associations:
E. coli, Staph saphrophyticus (young women) |
|
Disease/Finding:
Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe |
Important Associations:
HSV-1 |
|
Disease/Finding:
Vitamin defeciency (US) |
Important Associations:
Folic acid (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3 to 4 months; prevents neural tube defects) |