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126 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly |
Budd-Chiari syndorme (posthepatic venous thrombosis) |
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Abdominal pain, diarrhea, leukocytosis, recent antibiotic use |
Clostridium difficile infection |
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Achilles tendon xanthoma |
Familial hypercholesterolemia (decreased LDL receptor signalling) |
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Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC |
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia) |
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Anaphylaxis following blood transfusion |
IgA deficiency |
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Anterior "drawer sign" positive |
Anterior cruciate ligament injury |
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Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation (upward), aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints |
Marfan syndrome (fibrillin defect) |
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Athlete with polycythemia |
secondary to erythropoietin injection |
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Back pain, fever, night sweats |
Post disease (vertebral TB) |
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Bilateral acoustic schwannomas |
Neurofibromatosis type 2 |
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Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis |
Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas) |
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Black eschar on face of patient with diabetic ketoacidosis |
Mucor or Rhizopus fungal infection |
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Blue sclera |
Osteogenesis imperfecta (type I collagen defect) |
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Bluish line on gingiva |
Burton line (lead poisoning) |
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Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis |
Paget disease of bone (increased osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity) |
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Bounding pulses, wide pulse pressure, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing |
Aortic regurgitation |
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"butterfly" facial rash and Raynaud phenomenon in a young female |
Systemic lupus erythematosus |
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Café-Au-Lait spots, Lisch nodule (iris hamartoma), cutaneous neurofibromas, pheochromocytoma, optic gliomas |
Neurofibromatosis type I |
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Cafe-Au-Lair spots (unilateral), polyostic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities |
McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein singling mutation) |
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Calf pseudohypertrophy |
Muscular dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne, due to X-linked recessive frameshift mutation of dystrophin gene) |
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Cervical lymphadenopathy, desquamating rash, coronary aneurysms, red conjunctivae and tongue, hand-foot changes |
Kawasaki disease (treat with IVIG and aspirin) |
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"Cherry-red spots" on macula |
Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery occlusion |
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Chest pain on exertion |
Angina (stable: with moderate exertion; unstable: with minimal exertion or at rest) |
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Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI |
Dressler syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, 2 weeks to several months after acute episode) |
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Chest pain with ST depressions on EKG |
Unstable angina (negative troponin) or NSTEMI (positive troponin) |
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Child uses arms to stand up from squat |
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (Gowers sign) |
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Child with fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to body |
Erythema infectiosum/fifth disease ("slapped cheeks" appearance, caused by parvovirus B19) |
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Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration |
Huntington disease (autosomal dominant CAG repeat expansion) |
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Chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications |
Congenital toxoplasmosis |
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Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria |
McArdle disease (skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency) |
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Cold intolerance |
Hypothyroidism |
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Conjugate horizontal gaze palsy, horiztonal diplopia |
Internuclear opthamlmoplegia (damage to MLF; may be unilateral or bilateral) |
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Continuous "machine-like" heart murmur |
PDA (close with indomethacin; keep open with PGE analogs) |
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Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition |
Myxoedema (caused by hypothyroidism, Graves disease) |
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Cutaneous flushing, diarrhea, bronchospasm |
Carcinoid syndrome (right-sided cardiac valvular lesions, increased 5-HIAA |
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Dark purple skin/mouth nodules in a patient with AIDS |
Capos sarcoma, associated with HHV-8 |
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Deep, laboured breathing/hyperventilation |
Diabetic ketoacidosis (Kussmaul respirations) |
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Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea |
Pellagra (niacin [vitamin B3] deficiency) |
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Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition |
Wet beriberi (thiamine [vitamin B1] deficiency) |
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Dog or cat bite resulting in infection |
Pasteurella multocida (cellulitis at inoculation site) |
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Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis |
Sjorgen syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands) |
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Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia |
Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma) |
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Elastic skin, hyper mobility of joints, increased bleeding tendency |
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (type V collagen defect, type III collage defect seen in vascular subtype of ED) |
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Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node |
Virchow node (abdominal metastasis) |
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Episodic vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss |
Meniere disease |
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Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells |
Mycosis fungicides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) or Sezary syndrome (mycosis fungicides and malignant subtype of ED) |
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Facial muscle spasm upon tapping |
Chvostek sign (hypocalcemia) |
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Fat, female, forty and fertile |
Cholelithiasis (gallstones) |
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Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis |
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in endotoxin release) |
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Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash |
Measles |
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Fever, night sweats, weight loss |
B symptoms (staging) of lymphoma |
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Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis with abnormal curvature |
Peyronie disease (connective tissue disorder) |
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Golden brown rings around peripheral cornea |
Wilson disease (Kayser-Fleischer rings due to copper accumulation) |
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Gout, intellectual disability, self-mutilating behaviour in a boy |
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, X-linked recessive) |
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Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyper pigmentation of mouth/hands/feet/genitalia |
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (inherited, benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction; increase cancer risk, mainly GI) |
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Hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, osteoporosis, aseptic necrosis of femoral head, bone crises |
Gaucher disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency) |
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Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts |
Alport Syndrome (mutation in collagen IV) |
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Hyperphagia, hyper sexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility |
Kluver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion) |
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Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, Babinski sign present |
UMN damage |
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Hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasciculations |
LMN damage |
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Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia |
Chronic bronchitis (hyperplasia of mucous cells, "blue bloater") |
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Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion |
Non painful: chancre (primary syphilis, Treponema pallidum) Painful, with exudate: chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi) |
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Infant with cleft palate/lip, microcephaly or holoprosencephaly, polydactyly, cutis aplasia |
Patio syndrome (trisomy 13) |
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Infant with hypoglycaemia, hepatomegaly |
Cori disease (debranching enzyme deficiency) or Von GIerke disease (glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency, more severe) |
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Infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, structural heart defect |
Edwards Syndrome (trisomy 18) |
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Jaundice, palpable distended non-tender gallbladder |
Courvoisier sign (distal malignant obstruction of biliary tree) |
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Large rash with bull's-eye appearance |
Erythema chronicum migrant from Ixodes tick bite (Lyme disease: Borrelia) |
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Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury |
Epidural hematoma (middle meningeal artery rupture) |
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Male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells |
Bruton disease (X-linked agammaglobinemia) |
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Mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time |
Glanzmann thrombasthenia (defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa) |
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Muffled heart sounds, distended neck veins, hypotension |
Beck triad of cardiac tamponade |
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Multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumours, impacted/supernumerary teeth |
Gardner syndrome (Subtype of FAP) |
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Myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), exercise intolerance |
Pope disease (lysosomal a-1,4-glucosidase deficiency) |
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Neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth |
Erg-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk [C5-C6] brachial plexus injury: "waiter's tip") |
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No lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance |
Sheehan syndrome (pituitary infection) |
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Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear opthalmoplegia |
Multiple sclerosis |
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Painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia |
Cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumonia, infectious mononucleosis, CLL) |
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Painful fingers/toes changing colour from blue to white to red with cold or stress |
Raynaud phenomena (vasospasm in extremities)
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Painful, raised red lesions on pads of fingers/toes |
Osler nodes (infective endocarditis, immune complex deposition) |
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Painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles
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Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis, septic emboli/microabscesses) |
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Painless jaundice |
Cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing the bile duct |
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Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abdominal pain (child), hematuria) |
Hence-Schonlein purport (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys) |
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Pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumours |
MEN 1 (autosomal dominant) |
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Periorbital and/or peripheral edema, proteinuria (.3.5g/day), hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia |
Nephrotic syndrome |
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Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation |
Emphysema ("pink puffer", centriacinar [smoking] or panacinar [a1-antitrypsin deficiency] |
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Polyuria, enal tubular acidosis type II, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances, hypophosphatemic rickets |
Fanconi sundrome (multiple combined dysfunction of the proximal convoluted tubule) |
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Pruritic, purple, polygonal planar papules and plaques (6 Ps) |
Lichen planus |
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Ptosis, mitosis, anhidrosis |
Horner syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion) |
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Pupil accommodates but doesn't react |
Neurosyphilis (Argyll Robertson pupil) |
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Rapidly progressive limb weakness that ascends following GI/upper respiratory infection |
Guillain-Barre syndrome (acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy subtype) |
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Rash on palms and soles |
Coxsackie A, secondary syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever |
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Recurrent cold (non inflamed) abscesses, unusual eczema, high serum IgE |
Hyper-IgE syndrome (Job syndrome: neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality) |
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Red "currant jelly" sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patietns |
Klebsiella pneumoniae pnemuonia |
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Red "currant jelly" stools |
Acute mesenteric ischemia (adults) intussusception (children) |
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Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola |
Paget disease of the breast (sign of underlying neoplasm) |
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Red urine in the morning, fragile RBCs |
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria |
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Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral), hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma |
von Hippel-Lindau disease (dominant tumour suppressor gene mutation) |
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Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability, shuffling gait |
Parkinson disease (loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compact) |
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Retinal hemorrhage with pale centers |
Roth spots (bacterial endocarditis) |
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Severe jaundice in neonate |
Crippler-Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia) |
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Severe RLQ pain with palpation of LLQ |
Rovsing sign (acute appendicitis) |
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Severe RLQ pain with deep tenderness |
McBurney sign (acute appendicitis) |
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Short stature, cafe-au-alit spots, thumb/radial defects, increased incidence of tumours/leukemia, aplastic anemia |
Fanconi anemia (genetic loss of DNA crosslink repair; often progresses to AML) |
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Single palmar crease |
Down syndrome |
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Situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility |
Kartagener syndrome (dynein arm defect affecting cilia) |
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Skin hyper pigmentation, hypotension, fatigue |
primary adreonocortical insufficiency (eg Addison disease) causes increased ACTH and increased a-MSH production |
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Slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys |
Becker muscular dystrophy (X-linked missense mutation in dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne |
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Small, irregular red sats on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers |
Koplik spots (measles [rubeola] virus) |
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Smooth, moist, painless, wart-like white lesions on genitals |
Condylomata lata (secondary syphilis) |
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Splinter hemorrhage in fingernails |
Bacterial endocarditis |
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"Strawberry tongue" |
scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease |
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Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney, cystic hygroma at birth, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema |
Turner syndrome (45, XO) |
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Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi |
Gout/podagra (hyperuricemia) |
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Swollen gums, mucosal bleeding, poor wound healing, petechiae |
Scurvy (Vitamin C deficiency: can't hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis) |
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Swollen, hard, painful finger joitns |
Osteoarthritis (osteophyte on PIP [Bouchard nodes], DIP [Heberden nodes]) |
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Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo) |
aortic stenosis |
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Telangiectasia's, recurrent epistaxis, skin discolouration, arteriovenous malformations, GI bleeding, hematuria |
Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome |
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Thyroid and parathyroid tumours, pheochromocytoma |
MEN 2A (autosomal dominant RET mutation) |
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Thyroid tumours, pheochromocytmoa, gnaglioneuromatosis |
MEN 2B (autosomal dominant RET mutation) |
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Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape |
Babinski sign (UMN lesion) |
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Unilateral facial drooping involving forehead |
LMN facial nerve (CN VII) palsy; UMN lesions spare the forehead |
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Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male |
Reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27 |
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Vascular birthmark (port-wine stain) of the face |
Nevus flammeus (benign, but associated with Sturge-Wever syndrome) |
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Vomiting blood following gastroesophageal lacerations |
Mallory-Weiss syndrome (alcoholic and bulimic patients) |
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Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy |
Whipple disease (Tropheryma whipplei) |
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"worst headache of my life" |
subarachnoid hemorrhage |
