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276 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
actinic keratosis
|
often precedes squamous cell carcinoma
|
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Addison's disease
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primary adrenocortical deficiency
|
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Albright's syndrome (McCune Albright syndrome)
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(aka "polyostotic fibrous dysplasia") precocious puberty, cafe au lait spots, short stature, young girls
|
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albuminocytologic dissociation
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Guillain-Barre (+ protein in CSF with only modest + in cell count)
|
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Alport's syndrome
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hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness
|
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anti-basement membrane
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Goodpasture's syndrome
|
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anticentromere antibodies
|
scleroderma (CREST)
anti-Centromere -> CREST |
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anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies (ANA antibodies)
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SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
|
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anti-epithelial cell
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pemphigus vulgaris
|
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antigliadin antibodies
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celiac disease
|
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antihistone antibodies
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drug-induced SLE
drug HIgh -> anti HIstones |
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anti IgG antibodies
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rheumatoid arthritis
|
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antimitochondrial antibodies
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primary biliary cirrhosis
the MIGHTYchondria -> MIGHTY liver |
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antineutrophil antibodies
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vasculitis
|
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antiplatelet antibodies
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idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
|
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arachnodactyly
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Marfan's syndrome
|
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Argyll Robertson pupil
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neurosyphilis
|
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Arnold-Chiari malformation
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cerebellar tonsilar herniation
|
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Aschoff bodies
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rheumatic fever
|
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atrophy of the mamillary bodies
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Wernicke's encephalopathy
|
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Auer rods
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acute myelogenous leukemia (esp. the promyelocytic type)
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autosplenectomy
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sickle cell anemia
|
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Babinski's sign
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UMN lesion
|
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Baker's cyst in popliteal fossa
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rheumatoid arthritis
|
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"bamboo spine" on x-ray
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ankylosing spondylitis
|
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Bartter's syndrome
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hyperreninemia
|
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basophilic stippling of RBCs
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lead poisoning
|
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Becker's muscular dystrophy
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defective dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne's
|
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Bell's palsy
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LMN CN VII palsy
|
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Bence Jones proteins
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multiple myeloma (kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine), Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
|
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Berger's disease
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IgA nephropathy not nUEphropathy!
|
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Bernard-Soulier disease
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defect in platelet adhesion
platelets won't Be Sticky |
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bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
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sarcoidosis
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Birbeck granules on EM
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histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma)
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bloody tap on LP
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subarachnoid hemorrhage
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"blue bloater"
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chronic bronchitis
|
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blue-domed cysts
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fibrocystic change of breast
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blue sclera
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osteogenesis imperfecta, or "brittle bone disease"
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boot-shaped heart on x-ray
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Tetrology of Fallot; RVH
|
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Bouchard's nodes
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osteoarthritis (PIP swelling secondary to osteophytes)
Bouchard in the Bones |
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Boutonniere's deformity
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rheumatoid arthritis
|
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branching rods in oral infection
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actinomyces israelii
|
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"brown tumor" of bone
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hemorrhage causes brown color of osteolytic cysts:
1. hyperparathyroidism 2. osteitis fibrosa cystica (von Recklinghausen's disease = bone "RECKER") |
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Brushfield's spots
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speckled iris: frequent in Down's syndrome
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Bruton's disease
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X-linked agammaglobulinemia
|
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Budd-Chiari syndrome
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posthepatic venous thrombosis
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Buerger's disease
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small/medium artery vasculitis
|
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Burkitt's lymphoma
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8:14 translocation; associated with EBV
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Burton's lines
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lead poisoning
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C-ANCA, P-ANCA
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Wegener's granulomatosis; polyartheritis nodosa
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cafe au lait spots on skin
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neurofibromatosis
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Caisson disease
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gas emboli
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calf pseudohypertrophy
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Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
|
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Call-Exner bodies
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granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary
|
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cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
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Chagas' disease
|
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cerebriform nuclei
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mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma)
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Chagas' disease
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trypanosome infection
|
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chancre
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primary syphilis (painless) "-oid" less is painless
|
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chancroid
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haemophilus ducreyi (painful)
|
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Charcot's triad
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multiple sclerosis (nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech) cholangitis (jaundice,RUQ pain,fever)
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Charcot-Leyden crystals
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bronchial asthma (eosinophil membranes) Crystals in Lung (Charcot-Leyden)
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Chediak-Higashi disease
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phagocyte deficiency
|
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cherry-red spot on the macula
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Tay Sachs, Niemann-Pick disease, central retinal artery occlusion
|
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Cheyne-Stokes respirations
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central apnea in CHF and + intracranial pressure Cheyne Stokes -> Cranial Stress
|
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"chocolate cysts"
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endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
|
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chronic atrophic gastritis
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predisposition to gastric carcinoma
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Chvostek's sign
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hypocalcemia (facial muscle spasm upon tapping)
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clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
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DES (diethylstilbestrol) exposure in utero; hormone-related drug which used to be prescribed to women in the 1950's and 1960's
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clue cells
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gardnerella vaginitis
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Codman's triangle on x-ray
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osteosarcoma
|
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cold agglutinins
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mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis
|
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cold intolerance
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hypothyroidism
|
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condylomata lata
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secondary syphilis happens "lata", after primary
|
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continuous machinery murmur
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patent ductus arteriosus
|
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Cori's disease
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debranching enzyme deficiency
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Cotton-wool spots
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chronic hypertension
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cough, conjuctivitis, coryza, fever
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measles
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councilman bodies
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toxic or viral hepatitis
|
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Cowdry type A bodies
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herpesvirus
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crescents in Bowman's capsule
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rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
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Crigler-Najjar syndrome
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congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
|
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Curling's ulcer
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acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
|
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currant-jelly sputum
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klebsiella
|
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Curschmann's spirals
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bronchial asthma (whorled mucous plugs) Curschmann -> muCous
|
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Cushing's ulcer
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acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury Cushing -> CNS related
|
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D dimers
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DIC
|
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depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
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Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder - rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
|
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dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
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pellagra (niacin, ie. vitamin B3, deficiency)
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diabetes insipidus + exophthalmos + lesions of skull
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Hand-Schuller-Christian disease
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bug from dog or cat bite
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pasteurella multocida
|
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Donovan bodies
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granuloma inguinale Donovan on your Dick
|
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Dressler's syndrome
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post-MI fibrinous pericarditis
|
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Dubin-Johnson syndrome
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congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
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Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
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deleted dystrophin gene (X-linked recessive)
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eburnation
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osteoarthritis (polished, ivory-like appearance of bone)
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Edward's syndrome
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trisomy 18 associated with rocker-bottom feet, low set ears, heart disease
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Eisenmenger's complex
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late cyanosis shunt (uncorrected, L to R shunt becomes R to L shunt)
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elastic skin
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Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
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Erb-Duchenne palsy
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superior trunk brachial plexus injury ("waiter's tip")
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erythema chronicum migrans
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Lyme disease
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Fanconi's syndrome
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proximal tubular reabsorption defect
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"fat, female, forty and fertile"
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acute cholecystitis
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fatty liver
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alcoholism
|
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ferruginous bodies
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asbestosis
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Gardner's syndrome
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colon polyps with osteomas and soft tissue tumors
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Gaucher's disease
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glucocerebrosidase deficiency, most common lysosomal storage disease
|
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Ghon focus
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primary TB
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Gilbert's syndrome
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benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
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Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
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defect in platelet aggregation
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Goodpasture's syndrome
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autoantibodies against alveolar and glomerular basement membrane proteins
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Gowers' maneuver
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Duchenne's (use of patient's arms to help legs pick self off floor)
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Guillan-Barre syndrome
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idiopathic polyneuritis
|
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"hair-on-end" appearance on x-ray
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beta-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (extramedullary hematopoeisis)
|
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Hand-Schuller-Christian disease
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chronic progressive histiocytosis (diabetes insipidus, exophthalmos, skull lesions)
|
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HbS
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sickle cell anemia
|
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hCG elevated
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choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo)
|
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Heberden's nodes
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osteoarthritis (DIP swelling secondary to osteophytes)
|
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Heinz bodies
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G6PD deficiency
|
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Henoch-Schonlein purpura
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hypersensitivity vasculitis associated with hemorrhagic urticaria and URIs
|
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heterophil antibodies
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aka. Monospot test infectious mononucleosus (EBV) test for antibody which causes agglutination of RBC's from other species
|
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increased HbF
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thalassemia major
|
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high-output cardiac failure (dilated cardiomyopathy)
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wet beriberi (thiamine, ie. vitamin B1, deficiency) "B1, B1" deficiency
|
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HLA B27
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Reiter's syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis
|
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HLA DR3 or -DR4
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diabetes mellitus type 1 (caused by autoimmune destruction of beta cells)
|
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Homer Wright rosettes
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neuroblastoma
|
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honeycomb lung on x-ray
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interstitial fibrosis
|
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Horner's syndrome
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ptosis, miosis and anhidrosis
|
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Howell-Jolly bodies
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splenectomy (or nonfunctional speen) hollow body
|
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Huntington's disease
|
caudate degeneration (autosomal dominant)
|
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hyperphagia + hypersexuality + hyperorality + hyperdocility
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Kluver-Bucy syndrome (amygdala)
|
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hyperpigmentation of the skin
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primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease)
|
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hypersegmented neutrophils
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macrocytic anemia
|
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hypertension + hypokalemia
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Conn's syndrome (hyperaldosteronism and alkalosis)
|
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hypochromic microcytosis
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iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning
|
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increased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid / maternal serum
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anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)
|
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increase uric acid levels (4)
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1. gout 2. Lesch-Nyhan sydrome 3. myeloproliferative disorders 4. loop and thiazide diuretics
|
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intussusception
|
adenovirus (causes hyperplasia of Peyer's patches)
|
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Janeway lesions
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endocarditis
|
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Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
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syphilis, brucellosis - aggressive antimicrobial treatment leads to release of bacterial products and consequent patient immune reaction
|
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Job's syndrome
|
neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality, increased serum IgE
|
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Karposi's sarcoma
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AIDS in MSM (men who have sex with men)
|
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molecular defect in Kartagener's syndrome
|
dynein defect
|
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Kayser-Fleischer rings
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Wilson's disease
|
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Keratin pearls
|
squamous cell carcinoma
|
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Kimmelstein Wilson nodules
|
diabetic nephropathy
|
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Kluver Bucy syndrome. lesion?
|
bilateral amygdala lesions
|
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koilocytes
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human papilloma virus (koilocyte: bi- or multinucleate, with nuclear membranes wrinkled like raisins)
|
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Koplik spots
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measles
|
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Krukenberg tumor
|
gastric adenocarcinoma with ovarian metastases
|
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Kussmaul hyperpnea
|
diabetic ketoacidosis
|
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lens dislocation + aortic dissection + joint hyperflexibility
|
Marfan's syndrome (fibrillin defect)
|
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Lesch Nyhan syndrome
|
HGPRT deficiency
|
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Lewy bodies
|
Parkinson's disease
|
|
Libman Sacks disease
|
endocarditis associated with SLE
|
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Lines of Zahn
|
arterial thrombus
|
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Lisch nodules
|
neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease) tan or brown tumors in the iris of the eye
|
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low serum ceruloplasmin
|
Wilson's disease
|
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lucid interval
|
epidural hematoma
|
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"lumpy bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
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poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
|
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lytic bone lesions on x-ray
|
multiple myeloma
|
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Mallory bodies
|
alcoholic liver disease
|
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Mallory-Weiss syndrome
|
esophagogastric lacerations remember "Mallory Weiss tears"
|
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McArdle's disease
|
muscle phosphorylase deficiency enzyme for glycogenolysis
|
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McBurney's sign
|
appendicitis
|
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MLF syndrome (INO)
|
multiple sclerosis
|
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monoclonal antibody spike (3 diseases)
|
multiple myeloma (called the M protein; usually IgG or IgA), MGUS, Waldenstrom's (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia
|
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myxedema
|
hypothyroidism
|
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necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
|
Wegener's and Goodpasture's (hemoptysis and glomerular disease)
|
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needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
|
gout
|
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Negri bodies
|
rabies
|
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nephritis + cataracts + hearing loss
|
Alport's syndrome
|
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neurofibrillary tangles
|
Alzheimer's disease
|
|
Niemann Pick disease (deficiency? what organs become enlarged?)
|
sphingomyelinase deficiency leads to enlargement of liver and spleen
|
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no lactation postpartum
|
Sheehan's syndrome (pituitary infarction)
|
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nutmeg liver
|
CHF
|
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occupational exposure to asbestos
|
malignant mesothelioma
|
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"Orphan Annie" nuclei
|
papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
|
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Osler's nodes
|
endocarditis
|
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owl's eye
|
cytomegalovirus OWL & CMV = 3 letters each
|
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painless jaundice
|
pancreatic cancer (head)
|
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palpable purpura on legs and buttocks
|
Henoch Schonlein purpura
|
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Pancoast's tumor
|
bronchogenic apical tumor associated with Horner's syndrome
|
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pannus
|
rheumatoid arthritis proliferation of synovial tissue
|
|
Parkinson's disease
|
nigrostriatal dopamine depletion
|
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periosteal elevation on x-ray
|
pyogenic osteomyelitis bone inflammation due to infection
|
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Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
|
benign polyposis
|
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Peyronie's disease
|
penile fibrosis
|
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Philadelphia chromosome (bcr-abl)
|
CML (may sometimes be associated with AML)
|
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Pick bodies
|
Pick's disease dementia with progressive loss of memory, social skills, intellect
|
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Pick's disease
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progressive dementia, similar to Alzheimer's
|
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"pink puffer"
|
emphysema (centroacinar [smoking], panacinar [alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency])
|
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Plummer-Vinson syndrome
|
esophageal webs with iron deficiency anemia
|
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podagra
|
gout (MP joint of hallux - big toe)
|
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podocyte fusion
|
minimal change disease
|
|
polyneuropathy, cardiac pathology and edema
|
dry beriberi (thiamine, ie. vitamin B1, deficiency)
|
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polyneuropathy preceded by GI or respiratory infection
|
Guillan Barre syndrome (GI or Bronchial infection )
|
|
Pompe's disease
|
lysosomal glucosidase deficiency associated with cardiomegaly
|
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port-wine stain
|
hemangioma
|
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positive anterior "drawer sign"
|
anterior cruciate ligament injury
|
|
Pott's disease
|
vertebral tuberculosis
|
|
pseudopalisade tumor cell arrangement
|
glioblastoma multiforme
|
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pseudorosettes
|
Ewing's sarcoma bone tumors in kids
|
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ptosis, miosis and anhidrosis
|
Horner's syndrome (Pancoast's tumor)
|
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rash on palms and soles
|
secondary syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever
|
|
Raynaud's syndrome
|
recurrent vasospasm in extremities
|
|
RBC casts in urine
|
acute glomerulonephritis
|
|
recurrent pulmonary Pseudomonas and S. aureus infections
|
cystic fibrosis
|
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red urine in the morning
|
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
|
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Reed-Sternberg cells
|
Hodgkin's lymphoma
|
|
Reid index (increased)
|
chronic bronchitis
|
|
Reinke crystals
|
Leydig cell tumor Leydig Reinke sounds like "Let it Rain"
|
|
Reiter's syndrome
|
conjunctivitis urethritis arthritis "Can't Pee Can't See Can't climb a Tree"
|
|
renal cell carcinoma + cavernous hemangiomas + adenomas
|
von Hippel-Lindau disease
|
|
renal epithelial casts in urine
|
acute toxic/viral nephrosis
|
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rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
|
pseudogout
|
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rib notching
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coarctation of the aorta
|
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Roth's spots in retina
|
endocarditis
|
|
Rotor's syndrome
|
congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
|
|
Rouleaux formations (RBCs)
|
multiple myeloma
|
|
Russell bodies
|
multiple myeloma
|
|
S3
|
L to R shunt (VSD, PDA, ASD), mitral regurgitation, LV failure (CHF)
|
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S4
|
aortic stenosis, hypertrophic subaortic stenosis
|
|
Schiller-Duval bodies
|
yolk sac tumor
|
|
senile plaques
|
Alzheimer's disease
|
|
Sezary syndrome
|
cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
|
|
Sheehan's syndrome
|
postpartum pituitary necrosis
|
|
Shwartzman reaction
|
Neisseria meningitidis
|
|
signet-ring cells
|
gastric carcinoma
|
|
Simian crease
|
Down's syndrome
|
|
Sipple's syndrome
|
MEN type IIa
|
|
Sjorgen's syndrome
|
dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
|
|
skip lesions
|
Crohn's
|
|
slapped cheek appearance
|
erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)
|
|
Smith antigen
|
SLE
|
|
"smudge cell"
|
CLL
|
|
soap bubble on the x-ray
|
giant cell tumor of bone
|
|
spike and dome on EM
|
membranous glomerulonephritis
|
|
Spitz nevus
|
benign juvenile melanoma
|
|
splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
|
endocarditis
|
|
starry-sky pattern
|
Burkitt's lymphoma
|
|
"strawberry tongue"
|
Scarlet fever "Scarlet likes Strawberries"
|
|
streaky ovaries
|
Turner's syndrome
|
|
string sign on x-ray
|
Crohn's disease
|
|
subepithelial humps on EM
|
poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
|
|
suboccipital lymphadenopathy
|
Rubella
|
|
sulfur granules
|
Actinomyces israelii
|
|
swollen gums, bruising, poor wound healing, anemia
|
scurvy (ascorbic acid, vitamin C deficiency) - vitamin C is necessary for hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen synthesis
|
|
systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)
|
aortic valve stenosis
|
|
t(8;14)
|
Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation)
|
|
t(9;22)
|
Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl) hybrid
|
|
t(14;18)
|
follicular lymphomas (bcl-2) activation
|
|
tabes dorsalis
|
tertiary syphilis
|
|
tendon xanthomas (classically Achilles)
|
familial hypercholesterolemia
|
|
thumb sign on lateral x-ray
|
epitglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)
|
|
thyroidization of kidney
|
chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
|
|
tophi
|
chalky accumulations of uric acid in gout
|
|
"tram-track" appearance on LM
|
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
|
|
Trousseau's sign
|
visceral cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma (migratory thrombophlebitis), hypocalcemia (carpal spasm)
|
|
Virchow's node
|
left supraclavicular node enlargement from metastatic carcinoma of the stomach
|
|
Virchow's triad
|
pulmonary embolism (triad: stasis, endothelial damage, hypercoagulation)
|
|
von Recklinghausen's disease
|
neurofibromatosis with cafe au lait spots
|
|
von Recklinghausen's disease of bone
|
osteitis fibrosa cystica ("brown tumor")
|
|
Wallenberg's syndrome
|
PICA thrombosis
|
|
Waterhouse-Friedrichsen syndrome
|
adrenal hemorrhage associated with meningococcemia
|
|
Waxy casts
|
chronic end-stage renal disease
|
|
WBC casts in urine
|
acute pyelonephritis
|
|
WBCs in urine
|
acute cystitis inflammation of the bladder
|
|
Wermer's syndrome
|
MEN type I
|
|
Whipple's disease
|
malabsorption syndrome caused by Tropheryma whippelii
|
|
Wilson's disease
|
hepatolenticular degeneration
|
|
"wire loop" appearance on LM
|
Lupus nephropathy
|
|
"worst headache of my life"
|
Berry aneuryism - associate with adult polycystic kidney disease
|
|
xanthochromia (CSF)
|
subarachnoid hemorrhage
|
|
xerostomia + arthritis + keratoconjunctivitis sicca
|
Sjorgen's syndrome
|
|
Zenker's diverticulum
|
upper GI diverticulum
|
|
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
|
gastrin-secreting tumor associated with ulcers
|