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653 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who is responsible for positioning and employing all assigned or attached crew-served weapons and employment of supporting weapons? |
Platoon Leader |
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Who positions herself where she can influcence the most critical tasks, usually with the main effort? |
Platoon Leader |
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Who conducts rehearsals? |
Platoon Leader |
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Who prepares and issues Paragraph 4 of the OPORD? |
Platoon Sergeant |
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Who works with company first sergeant or XO to request resupply of rations, water or ammo and directs the routing of mail and supplies? |
Platoon Sergeant |
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Who organizes the patrol CP? |
Platoon Sergeant |
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Who maintains patrol status of personnel, weapons and equipment? |
Platoon Sergeant |
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Who is in charge of morale, discipline and health of patrol members? |
Platoon Sergeant |
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Who supervises the medica and aid-litter teams? |
Platoon Sergeant |
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Who supervises task-organized elements of patrol like: -Quartering parties -Security forces during withdrawals -Support elements during raids or attacks -Security patrols during night attacks |
Platoon Sergeant |
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Who ensures that ammo, supplies and loads are evenly distributed? |
Platoon Sergeant |
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Who ensures the CASEVAC plan is complete and executed properly? |
Platoon Sergeant |
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Who keeps the patrol on time? |
Platoon Sergeant |
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Who supervises rear security of the patrol during movement? |
Platoon Sergeant |
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Who establishes security during halts? |
Platoon Sergeant |
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Who directs near-side security at Danger Areas? |
Platoon Sergeant |
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Who establishes, marks and supervises the planned Casualty Collection Point? |
Platoon Sergeant |
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Who enforces noise and light discipline and camouflage? |
Platoon Sergeant |
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Who assigns sectors of fire? |
Platoon Sergeant |
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Who ensures range cards and sector sketches are complete? |
Platoon Sergeant |
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What plans are needed in patrol base? |
Security Plan Alert Plan Evacuation Plan Withdrawal Plan Alternate Patrol Base Maintenance Plan Hygiene Plan Messing Plan Water Plan Rest Plan |
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Who completes casualty feeder reports? |
Squad Leader |
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Who directs maintenance of squad weapons and equipment? |
Squad Leader |
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Who submits ACE reports and to whom? |
Squad Leader to PSG |
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Who ensures that heavy equipment is rotated among squad members? |
Squad Leader |
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Who is responsible for maintaining proper movement techniques while monitoring route, pace and azimuth? |
Squad Leader |
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Who is responsible for preventing breaks in contact? |
Squad Leader |
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Who positions key weapons systems during and after assault on the objective? |
Squad leader |
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Who sends out listening post (LP) or osOPs in front of assigned sectors? |
Squad Leader |
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Who ensures personnel know alert and evac plans and locations of key leaders, OPs and the alternate patrol base? |
Squad Leader |
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Who gives commands to achieve maximum effectiveness of firepower? -shifts fires -corrects windage or elevation to increase accuracy -alternates firing guns -controls rates of fire and fire distribution |
Weapons Squad Leader |
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Who is responsible for knowing locations of assault and security elements and preventing fratricide? |
Weapons Squad Leader |
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Who posts changes to the schedule? |
Team Leader |
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Who submits ammo and supply requests and picks up ammo and supplies? |
Team Leader |
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Who reorganizes the perimeter of the ORP after the reconnaissance party departs? |
Team Leader |
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Who disseminates PIR to lowest level? |
Team Leader |
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Who prepares team sector sketches? |
Team Leader |
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Who requests Class VIII supplies through PSG? |
Medic |
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Who supervises Combat Lifesavers? |
Medic |
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Who ensures that all frequencies, COMSEC fills and net IDS are present in squad/platoon radios? |
RTO |
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Who weatherproofs all of the comms equipment? |
RTO |
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Who serves as the en route recorder during the mission? |
RTO |
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Who tracks time after the initation of an assault? |
RTO |
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Who records enemy contact and reports it to higher in SALUTE format? |
RTO |
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Who consolidates and records all PIR? |
RTO |
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Who reports all operational scheduless (OPSKEDS) to higher? |
RTO |
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Who is responsible for locating targets and for calling and adjusing indirect fire support? |
FO |
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Who selects targets? |
FO |
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Who prepares and uses situation maps, overlays and terrain sketches? |
FO |
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Who calls for and adjusts fire? |
FO |
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Who selects OPs? |
FO |
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Who maintains the current 8-digit coordinate of his location at all times? |
FO |
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What are the tasks for Assumption of Command |
-Informs the unit's subordinate leaders and notifies higher -Checks security -Checks crew-served weapons -Pinpoints location -Coordinates and Checks equipment -Checks personnel status -Issues FRAGO (if required) -Reorganizes as needed, maintaining unit integrity -Maintains noise and light discipline -Continues patrol base activities -Reconnoiters or conducts map recon -Finalizes the plan -Executes the mission |
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What are the Troop Leading Procedures |
-Receive the mission -Issue a warning order -Make a tentative plan -Initiate movement -Reconnoiter -Complete the plan -Issue the complete order -Supervise the plan |
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What is the most essential element of combat power and gives purpose, direction and motivation in combat? |
Leadership |
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How much time should a leader use to plan once she receives the mission? |
1/3 for her own planning and issuing the OPORD; 2/3 for her subordinates |
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What might a WARNO include? |
-Mission statement -Tand place for issuance of OPORD(coordinating instructions) -Who is participating (coord. instructions) -Time of the operation (timeline) |
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What are the 5 steps of making a tentative plan (MDMP)? |
-Mission Analysis -COA Development -COA Analysis -COA Comparison -COA Selection |
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What is determined in mission analysis? |
-Concept and intent (two levels up) -Unit tasks given in OPORD (specified and implied) -Unit constraints (requirements or prohibition) -METL -Restated missio |
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When analyzing COAS what must each COA be? |
-Feasible: It accomplishes the mission and supports the commander's concept -Reasonable: the unit remains an effective force after completing the mission -Distinguishable: It's not just a variation of another COA |
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When will the unit leader assign C2 hq and complete generic task organization for organica and attached elements? |
During COA development |
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What does METT-TC stand for? |
-Mission -Enemy -Terrain and Weather -Troops -Time -Civilian Considerations |
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How should the leader evaluate the enemy? |
Composition: Forces and weapons Disposition: How he is arrayed on the terrain (in defensive positions, in an assembly area, or moving) Strength: percentage strength and number Recent activities: Recent and significant Reinforcement Capabilities: positions for reserves and estimated time to counterattack or reinforce Possible COAs: Most likely, most dangerous |
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What does OACOK stand for? |
-Observation and Fields of Fire -Avenues of Approach -Cover and Concealment -Obstacles -Key terrain |
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How should a leader evaluate avenues of approach? |
Offensive Considerations (friendly): How can these avenues support my movement, what are the advantages/disadvantages of each? What are likely enemy counterattack routes? Offensive Considerations (enemy): How can the enemy use these approaches? Which avenue is most/least dangerous? Which avenue would support a counterattack? |
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If possible, leaders should issue the order with one or both of the following aids: |
-within sight of the objective -on the defensive terrain -on a terrain model or sketch |
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What should leaders do to ensure their Rangers understand the order? |
Quiz them |
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What is the purpose of rehearsals? |
-Practice essential tasks (improve performance) -Reveal weaknesses or problems in the plan -Coordinate the actions of subordinate elements -Improve Ranger understanding of the concept of operation (foster confidence) |
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What should you rehearse? |
-Actions on the objective -Assaulting a trench, bunker or building -Actions at the assault position -Breaching obstacles (mine and wire) -Using special weapons or demolitions -Actions on unexpected enemy contact |
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What are 3 types of rehearsals? |
-Backbrief -Reduced force -Full force |
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What is a backbrief? |
Key leaders sequentially breif the actions required during operation Conducted twice: right after FRAGO and again after subordinates develop their own plan |
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What is reduced force rehearsal? |
Conducted when time is a key constraint Conducted when security must be maintained Key leaders normally attend Mock ups, sand tables and small replicas |
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What is a full force rehearsal? |
Most effective type First executed in daylight and open terrain Secondly conducted in same conditions as op All Rangers participate May use force on force |
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What are 5 rehearsal techniques? |
-Force on force -Map(limited value and limited attendees) -Radio (cannot mass leaders; confirms comms) -Sand table or terrain model (key leaders; includes all control measures) -Rehearsal of concepts (ROC) drill (similar to sand table but subordinates move themselves) |
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What should Squad Leaders inspect after a WARNO? |
Weapons and ammo Uniforms and equipment Mission essential equipment Soldiers' understandings of the mission Communications Rations and water Camouflage Deficiencies noted during earlier inspections |
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What does SALUTE stand for? |
Size Activity Location Unit/Uniform Time Equipment |
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What should be included with every intel report? |
Field sketch: include only aspects of military importance such as targets, objectives, obstacles, sector limits, troop dispersion and location. Explain the drawing with notes. Leave off personnel, weapons, and equipment |
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What should be done with capture documents? |
Leader collects them and turns them in with his report |
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What should be done with POWs? 5S&T |
-Search -Silence -Segregate -Safeguard -Speed to rear -Tag |
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What should be done by intel personnel immediately upon returning from a mission? |
Debrief |
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How should Area of Interest be briefed for WARNO? |
-Orient relative to each cardinal directions -Box in entire AO with grid lines |
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How should Area of Operations be briefed in WARNO? |
-Trace your Zone using boundaries -Familiarize by identifying terrain features in the zone |
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How should Enemy Forces be briefed in WARNO? |
Identify significant changes in enemy composition, dispositions, and course of action. |
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How should friendly forces be briefed in WARNO? |
-Only include if essential to WARNO -Give higher commander's mission -State higher's intent. (task and purpose) -Point out friendly locations on map |
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How should Attachments and Detachments be addressed in WARNO? |
Give initial task org and show on map. Only address major unit changes |
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How should the mission be briefed in WARNO? |
State mission twice |
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How should concept of operations be briefed in WARNO? |
-Provide as much info as available -Describe employment of maneuver elements -Give direction, distance, time of travel, mode of travel, and major tasks to be conducted -Use grids and terrain features -Specifiy points where the ground tactical plan starts and stops |
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How should Tasks to Subordinate Units be briefed? |
-Provide specified tasks to subordinate units -Focus on non-tactical instructions for planning and prepping the OPORD -Also include tactical instructions: control, movement, AOO for each element |
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What should be included in Coordinating Instructions for the WARNO? |
-Everything available: -Uniform and equipment common to all/packing list -Consider METT-TC to tailor loads to Rangers -Timeline (5ws) -Give specific priorities in order of completion -Time of OPORD -Rehearsals/inspectsions by priority -Earliest movement time |
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What should be included in Par 4 of WARNO? |
a. Logistics b. Personnel Services Support c. Army Health System Support |
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What should be included in Logistics for WARNO? |
-Maintenance: incl. weapons and equipment DX time and location -Transpo: method and mode for infil/exfil. identify any external coordination needed. Task subordinate leader to generate load plan, number of lifts/serials and bump plan -Supply: only incl. classes of supply that require coordination or special instructions (rations, fuel, ammo, etc.) |
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What should be included in Par 3 of WARNO? |
a. Concept of Operation b. Tasks to Subordinate Units c. Coordinating Instructions |
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What should be included in Par 1 of WARNO? |
a. Area of Interest b. Area of Operations c. Enemy Forces d. Friendly Forces e. Attachments and Detachments |
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What should be included in Par 5 of WARNO? |
a. Command. Succession of Command. b. Control--1. Command Posts (location of each CP and time of opening/closing); 2. Reports (list reports not confered in SOP) c. Signal. incl. current SOI edition or refer to higher OPORD., Known freqs/call signs |
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What should be done at the end of a WARNO? |
Give suboridinates guidance on tasks to complete for prep of the OPORD and mission. Give time, place and uniform for OPORD. Give time hack and ask for questions. |
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What should Rangers have when briefing/listening to an OPORD? |
Pencil, pen, paper, RHB, map, protractor |
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What does a leader say to start an OPORD? |
-Roll call -"please hold all questions til the end" |
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What does Datum refer to? |
The mathematical model of the earth that applies to the coordinates on a particular map. Different nations use different datum. |
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What is included in References in OPORD? |
-Maps (by series number) , charts, data or other documents needed to understand the plan -SOP does not need to be referenced |
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What is in an OPORD before the first Paragraph? |
References Time zone used throughout the order Task Organization (can also be found in annex) |
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How should map orientation bein in OPORD? |
-Apply the Orient, Box, Trace, and Familiarize technique to areas the unit is moving through -Determine the effects of seasonal vegetation within AO |
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How should Area of Interest be briefed in OPORD? |
Describe the area of interest or areas outside your AO that can influence your area of operations |
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How should Area of Operations be briefed in OPORD? |
Describe the AO: -Terrain: Using OACOK -Weather (V,W,T,C,P) |
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What should be included in weather for OPORD? 5 military aspects and key data? |
5 military aspects: -Visibility -Winds -Temperature/humidity -Cloud cover -Precipitation
Include: temp high, temp low, wind speed, wind direction, sunrise, sunset, BMNT, EENT, moonrise, moonset, moonphase, percent illum |
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What should be briefed for Enemy in OPORD? |
-point on map the location of known enemy activity -State enemy's composition, disposition and strength -Describe recent activities (with map) -Describe his known or suspected locations and capabilities (with map) -Describe most likely and most dangerous COAs |
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What should be briefed for Friendly Forces in OPROD? |
(1) Higher HQ's mission and Intent--2 levels up (2) Mission of Adjacent Units-- a. locations of units to left, right, front and rear and task/purpose; how they will influence mission |
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What should be briefed in Attachments and Detachments? |
Include only information not in task org. State when attachment or detachment will be in effect |
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What should be briefed for Par 2 in OPORD? |
Mission stated twice. Point to location of the OBJ and unit present location on map. |
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What is included in Par 1 in OPORD? |
a. Area of Interest b. Area of Operations c. Enemy Forces d. Friendly Forces e. Attachments and Detachments |
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What is included in Par 3 for OPORD? |
a. Commander's Intent b. Concept of Operation c. Scheme of Movement and Maneuver d. Scheme of Fires e. Casualty Evacuation f. Tasks to Subordinate Units h. Coordinating Instructions |
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What should be briefed in Commander's Intent for OPORD? |
What the force must do and the conditions the force must established with respect to the enemy, terrain, and civil considerations that represent the desired end state |
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What should be briefed in COncept of Operations for OPORD? |
Describe how unit will accomplish the mission from start to finish. Ensure that you state the purpose of the war fighting functions with the Concept of Operations. |
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What are the 6 Warfighting Functions? |
1. Fire Support 2. Movement and Maneuver 3. Protection 4. Command and Control 5. Intelligence 6. Sustainment (formerly CSS) |
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What should be briefed in Scheme of Movement and Maneuver for an OPORD? |
Describe employment of maneuver units; address subordinate units and attachments by name. State each one's mission as a task/purpose; ensure that each supports the main effort. Include detailed plan for engagement/disengagement. Brief sequentially. |
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What types of things should be covered in the Scheme of Maneuver brief? |
-brief from start to finish -Cover all routes, primary and alternate, from insertion, through AOO, to link-up, until mission complete -Brief your plan for crossing known danger areas -Brief your plan for reacting to enemy contact -Brief any approved targets/CCPs as you brief your routes |
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How should Scheme of Fires be briefed in OPORD? |
State scheme of fires to support overall concept and state who has priority of fire. Use PLOT-CR format to plan fires. Discuss specific targets and point them out on terrain model. |
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What is PLOT-CR |
Purpose: Planned indirect fires Location: plan targets with an 8 digit grid Observer: See the impact of the rounds and adjust Trigger: method of initiating fires Communication: method of comms b/w observer and the supporting unit Resources: planned allocated resources for ea. target |
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How should CASEVAC be briefed in OPORD? |
Provide a CASEVAC plan for each phase; include CCP locations, tentative extraction points and methods of extraction |
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How should Tasks to Subordinate Units be briefed in OPORD? |
State only tasks needed for comprehension, clarity and emphasis; For Platoon orders task squads to provide special teams (recon and security, assault support, aid and litter, EPW and search, clearing and demolitions). You may also include detailed instructions for PSG, RTO, compass-man and pace-man |
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What should be included in Coordinating Instructions in OPORD? |
Anything that applies to more than one unit -Time Schedule -Commander's Critical information Requirements -Essential elements of friendly information -Risk-Reduction Control Measures -Rules of Engagement -Environmental Considerations -Force Protection |
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What should be included in CCIR in OPORD? |
Priority intelligence requirements: all intel that the cdr must have for planning and decision-making Friendly force information reqs: what the cdr needs to know about friendly forces available for the op. Can include personnel status, ammo status and leadership capabilities |
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What are Essential Elements of Friendly InformationE |
EFI are critical aspects of friendly operations that, if known by the enemy, would compromise, lead to failure, or limit success of the operation |
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What are Risk-Reduction Control Measures: |
measures unique to the operation; they supplement the unit SOP and can include mission-oriented protective posture, operational exposure guidance, vehicle recognition signals, and frat prevention measures |
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What should be included in Par 4 of OPORD? |
a. Logistics b. Personnel Services Support c. Army Health System Support |
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What should be included in Personnel Services Support? |
1. Method of marking and handling EPWs 2. Religious services |
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What does Logistics include in the OPORD? |
1. Sustainment overlay. current and proposed company trains locations, CCPs (include marking method), equipment collection points, HLZs, AXPs and any friendly sustainment locations (FOBs, COPs) 2. Maintenance. weapons/equip DX loc. time 3. Transpo. method and mode for infil/exfil, load plan, number of lifts/serials, bump plan, recover assets, recovery plan 4. Supply (Class I, III, V, VII, VIII, IX, Distro methods) 5. Field Services (laundry, showers, etc.) |
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What should be included in Army Health System Support? |
1. Medical Command and control. location of medics, med leadership, personnel controlling medics, method of marking pts 2. Medical treatment. (self aid, buddy aid, CLS, EMT, etc.) 3. Med Evac. How pts will be evacuated and identify aid and litter teams. incl. special equip. needed 4. PrevMed. Identify prevmed things needed for Mission (sun block, chapstick, insect repellent) |
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What should be included in Command and Control for OPORD? |
Command Control Signal |
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What should be included in Command subparagraph of OPORD? |
Location of Commander/PL. State where they will be by phase Succession of CommandWhat shoul |
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What should be included in Control subparagraph of OPORD? |
Command Posts. Describe employment of CPs, including location and time of opening and closing. (Company CPs) Reports not covered in SOP |
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What should be included in Signal subparagraph of OPORD? |
1. Identify SOI index 2. Method of communication by priority 3. Pyrotechnics and signals to include hand/arm 4. Code words such as OPSKEDs 5. Challenge/password (use behind friendly lines) 6. Number combinations (fwd of friendly lines) 7. Running password 8. Recognition signals (near/far and day/night) |
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What should be done at the end of an OPORD brief?- |
-Issue annexes -Highlight next hard time -Give time hack -ASK for questions |
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What should be written in a FRAGO if there are no updates? |
"No Change" |
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What is Field FRAGO guidance? |
1. Should take no more than 40 min. to issue, with 30 min for the target 2. Focus on actions on the objective. PL may use subordinates to prepare 1, 4, 5, and routes and fires 3. Use sketches and terrain model 4. Rehearsals |
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What is good timeline for FRAGOs: |
Par 1 and 2; 5 min Par 3: 20-30 min Par 4 and 5: 5 min. |
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What types of annexes might be used? |
-Air Movement Annex -Patrol Base Annex -Small Boat Annex -Stream Crossing Annex -Truck Annex |
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What should be included in Coordinating Instructions for Air Movement Annex |
1. Pickup Zone 2. Landing Zone 3. Laager Site 4. Flight Routes and Alternatives 5. Abort Criteria 6. Down Aircraft/Crew (Designated Area of Recovery) 7. Special Instructions 8. Cross-FLOT Considerations 9. Aircraft Speed 10. Aircraft Altitude 11. Aircraft Crank Time. 12. Rehearsal Schedule/Plan |
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What should be included in Terrain for Stream Crossing Annex? |
-River width -River depth and water temp -Current -Vegetation -Obstacles |
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What Coordination Checklists might be used in an OPORD? |
-Intelligence Coordination Checklist -Operations Coordination Checklist -Fire Support Coordination Checklist -Coordination with Forward Unit Checklist -Adjacent Unit Coordination Checklist -Rehearsal Area Coordination Checklist -Army Aviation Coordination Checklist -Vehicular Movement Coordination Checklist |
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What are two types of tasks? |
-Actions by Friendly Force -Effect on Enemy Force |
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What are the 22 Actions by Friendly Force? |
Assault, Attack by Fire, Breach, Bypass, Clear, Combat Search and Rescue, Consolidation and Reorganization, Control, Counterreconnaissance, Disengagement, Exfiltration, Follow and Assume, Follow and Support, Linkup, Occupy, Reconstitute, Reduce, Retain, Secure, Seize, Support by Fire, Suppress |
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What are the 11 Effect on Enemy Force? |
Block, Canalize, Contain, Defeat, Destroy, Disrupt, Fix/Interdict, Isolate, Neutralize, Penetrate, Turn |
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What are the 14 Purposes? |
Allow, Cause, Create, Deceive, Deny, Divert, Enable, Envelop, Influence, Open, Prevent, Protect, Support, Surprise |
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What things should be included in a terrain model? |
-North seeking arrow -Scale -Grid lines -Objective location -Exaggerated terrain relief and water obstacles -Friendly patrol locations -Targets (indirect fires, incl. grid and type of round) -Routes, primary, and alternate -Planned RPs (ORP, L/URP, RP) -Danger areas (roads, trails, open areas) -Legend -Blowup of objective area
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When should leaders consider using indirect fire support? |
Every offensive and defensive operation |
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What are the four basic tasks of Fire Support? |
-Support forces in contact -Support the battle plan -Synchronize the fire support system -Sustain the fire support system |
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What are the two steps of the targeting process? |
Decide: set priorities for collecting intelligence and planning the attack; targeting priorities for each phase based on mission analysis, current and projected battle situations, and anticipated opportunities Detect: G-2/S-2 detects HPTs from Decide step; Identifies who, what, when and how of target acquisition |
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What is Interdiction? |
An action to divert, disrupt, delay, intercept, board, detain, or destroy the enemy's military surface capabilities, such as vessels, vehicles aircraft, people and cargo before they can be used effectively against friendly forces, or to otherwise achieve friendly objectives |
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what are 6 types of interdiction? |
-Limit -Disrupt -Delay -Divert -Destroy -Damage |
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What is the Max Range of a 105 mm Howizer M119, Towed? |
14,000m |
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What is the Max Rate of a 105mm Howitzer M119, Towed? |
6 rds for 2 min |
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What is the Burst Radius of 105mm Howitzer M119, Towed? |
35m |
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What is the Sustained Rate of a 105mm Howitzer M119, Towed? |
3rds for 30 min then 1rd/min |
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What is the Max Range of a 155mm Howitzer, M198, Towed? |
18,100m 30,000m(RAP) |
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What is the Max Rate of a 155mm Howitzer M198, Towed? |
4rds for 3 min, 2rds for 30 min |
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What is the Burst Radius of a 155mm Howitzer M198, Towed? |
50m |
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What is the Sustained Rate of a 155mm Howitzer M198, Towed? |
1rd/min temp dependent |
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What is the Max Range of a 155mm Howitzer M109A6 SP? |
18,100m 30,000m (RAP) |
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What is the max rate of a 155mm Howitzer M109A6 SP? |
4rds for 3 minWhat is the |
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Burst Radius of a 155mm Howitzer M109A6 SP? |
50m |
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What is the Sustained Rate of a 155mm Howitzer M109A6 SP? |
1rd for 60 min 0.5 |
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What munitions can be used for 60mm mortar? |
High Explosive, White Phosphorus, Illum |
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What is the max Range of a 60mm mortar? |
3,500m (HE) |
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What is the MIN Range of 60mm mortar? |
70m (HE) |
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What is the Max Rate of a 60mm mortar? |
30rds for 4 min |
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What is the Burst Radius of 60mm mortar? |
30m |
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What is the Sustained Rate of 60mm mortar? |
20rds/min |
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What Munitions can be used for 81mm mortar? |
HE, WP, Illum |
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What is the Max Range of a 81mm Mortar? |
5,600m (HE) |
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What is the MIN range for an 81mm mortar? |
70m (HE) |
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What is the Max Rate for 81mm mortar? |
25rds for 2 min |
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What is the Burst Radius for 81mm mortar? |
38m |
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What is the Sustained Rate for an 81mm mortar? |
8rds/min |
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What munitions are available for 120mm mortar? |
HE, Smoke, Illum |
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What is the Max Range of 120mm mortar? |
7,200m |
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What is the MIN Range of 120mm mortar? |
180m (HE)? |
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What is the Max Rate of a 120mm mortar? |
15rds for 1 min |
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What is the Burst Radius of a 120mm mortar? |
60m |
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What is the Sustained Rate of a 120mm mortar? |
5rds/min |
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What is considered Danger Close? |
When target is within 600m of friendly troops for mortars or field artillery |
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What method should be used during danger close missions to avoid fratricide? |
Creeping method, NOT bracketing method |
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What are Risk Estimate Distances? |
REDs apply to combat only. it is the min. distance friendly troops can approach the effects of friendly fires without suffering appreciatable casualties of 0.1 percent Probability of Incapacitation or higher. They take into account the bursting radius of particular munitions and the characteristics of the delivery system. it associates this combo with the likelihood of becoming a casualty, that is, the percentage of risk. |
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What are the Call for Fire steps? |
Observer identification (call signs) Warning Order Method of Target Location Location of Target Description of Target Method of Engagement Method of Fire and Control Correction of Errors Message to Observer Authentication |
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What are the characteristics of an A-10? |
30mm gun, subsonic, typical load: 6,000lbs; max load 16,000lbs |
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Characteristics of an AF F-18 |
supersonic, most accurate ground delivery, typical load 6,000lbs; max load 10,600lbs |
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Characteristics of Navy/MC F-18 |
20mm gun; typical load 7,000lbs, max load 17,000lbs |
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Close Combat Aviation Call for Fire Format |
1. IP/BP/ABF or friendly location (grid) 2. known point (terrain feature) 3. HDG to TGT (specify from friendly location) 4. DST to TGT (specify from friendly location) 5. TGT elevation 6. TGT description 7. TGT location (Grid, known point, terrain feat) 8. Type TGT mark (day/night) 9. Location of friendly 10. Egress direction (cardinal to overflying threats) |
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What is Long Range LOS? |
Capable of round-the-world communication due to longer physical wavelengths, which cause HF transmissions to "bounce" off terrain and be reflected by the Earth's ionosphere instead of absorbed like VHF and UHF transmissions. This keeps the transmission bouncing, essentially trapped, between the ground and the Earth's atmoshphere. For this volatile capability to offer effective communications, several factors must be ideal. |
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What is Line of Sight Frequency? |
The range of radios is limited to direct line of sight for maximum effectiveness. Curvature of the earth, mountainous terrain, and dense vegetation will degrade LOS radio maximum range capabilities. |
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What is TACSAT? |
Dedicated Tactical Satellite Communication |
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What is an omni directional antenna? |
An antenna that transmits and receives equally well in all directions. Vertical antennas are omni-directional. |
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What is the formula used for calculating antenna length? |
X=234/Freq |
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What are low explosives? |
Explosives with a detonating velocity up to 1,300 feet per second, which produces a pushing or shoving effect |
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What are high explosives? |
Explosives with a detonating velocity of 3,280 to 27,888 feet per second, which produces a shattering effect |
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What is the application, detonation velocity, RE factor, fume toxicity and Water Resistance of Ammonium Nitrate? |
Application: Cratering charge Det velocity: 8.800 ft/sec RE Factor: 0.42 Fume Toxicity: Dangerous Water Resist: Poor |
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What is the application, detonation velocity, RE factor, fume toxicity and Water Resistance of TNT? |
Application: Demo charge, composition explosive Det velocity: 22,600 ft/sec RE Factor: 1.00 Fume Toxicity: Dangerous Water Resistance: Excellent |
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What is the application, detonation velocity, RE factor, fume toxicity and Water Resistance of Nitroglycerin? |
Application: Commercial dynamite Det velocity: 25,200 RE Factor: 1.50 Fume Toxicity: Dangerous Water Resist: Good |
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What are shock tubes? |
Thin, plastic tubes of extruded polymer with a layer of explosive material on the interior surface; Explosive material propagates a detonation wave that moves along the shock tube to a factory crimped and sealed blasting cap; |
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What is the advantage of shock tube? |
Extremely reliable; instant electric initiation, and it also prevents radio transmitters, static electricity, and such from accidentally causing an initiation; it may be extended using leftover sections from previous operations |
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What do high altitudes and colder temperatures do to burn time? |
Increase it |
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What are two types of priming systems? |
Shock tubes, blasting caps |
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What are the two types of Detonation (Firing) Systems? |
Modernized Demolition Initator (MDI) Alone or MDI plus detonating cord |
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What is an MDI firing system? |
One in which the initation set, transmission and branch lines are constructed using MDI components and the explosive charges are primed with MDI blasting caps. |
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What is an improvised shape charge? |
A charge that concentrates the energy of the explosion released on a small area, making a tubular or linear fracture in the target |
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What is the formula for safe distance (meters) for charges over 500 lbs? |
Safe distance=100 * cubic root of the pounds of explosive |
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What is the min. safe distance for explosives of 27lbs or less? |
300 m |
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What is min. safe distance for explosive 125lbs. |
500m |
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What is min. safe distance for 500lbs explosive |
800m |
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When squads operate in wedges or echelons, what does the formation look like with teams? |
Fire teams use the formations and arrange themselves in a column with one team behind the other. |
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What squad formations look like team formations? |
File, line and sometimes the Vee, where each team fors the lines of the vee with the squad leader at the front of the vee |
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How do you select a movement technique? |
Likelhood of enemy contact and the relative need for speed; control, speed , dispersion and security |
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Who needs to always maintain visual contact in movement techniques? |
All Rangers must see their fire team leaders; Platoon leaders must see their squad leaders |
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How should leaders control movement? |
hand and arm signals; only radios when needed |
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What does Traveling movement technique offer in terms of speed, control, dispersion and security? |
Medium control Max. dispersion Max. speed Min. security |
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What distances should be observed for Traveling movement technique? |
10m between Rangers, 20m between squads |
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What distances should be observed for Traveling Overwatch? |
20m between Rangers; 50m between teams |
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When should Traveling be used? |
When enemy contact is not likely, but speed is necessary |
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What is the most used movement technique? |
Traveling Overwatch |
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When should traveling overwatch be used? |
Enemy contact is possible |
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What does traveling overwatch offer in terms of control, security, speed and dispersion? |
Good control, dispersion, speed and security forward |
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how far ahead should the lead squad be? |
between 50m and 100m ahead of the platoon so they can detect/engage the enemy before the enemy observes or fires on main body but they can still be supported by the rest of the platoon |
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When should bounding overwatch be used? |
Enemy contact is likely or when crossing a danger area |
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Who has bounding and overwatch elements within a platoon? |
Both platoon and squad |
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What does bounding overwatch offer in terms of speed, dispersion, control and security? |
Maximum control, dispersion and security with Minimum speed |
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What are the two types of bounds and what are they? |
Successive bounds: one element moves to a position, then the overwatching element moves to a position generally on line with first element Alternating bounds: one element moves into position, then the overwatching element moves to a position in front of the first element |
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What instructions should be given before a bound? |
-Direction of the enemy if known -Position of overwatch elements -Next overwatch position -Route of the bounding element -What to do after the bounding element reaches the next position -How the elements receive follow on orders |
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For squad bounding overwatch, how much space should be between Rangers? |
20m; distance between teams and squads varies |
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How do Platoons bound? |
one squad bounds, a second squad overwatches and a third awaits orders. FOs stay with the overwatching squad to call for fire. PLs normally stay with the overwatching squad, which uses machine guns and attached weapons to support the bounding squad. |
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Should should be considered during bounds |
-Enemy's likely location -The mission -The routes to the next overwatch position -The weapons ranges of the overwatching unit -The responsiveness of the rest of the unit -The fields of fire at the next overwatch position |
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What are the 6 standards of movement? |
-Use the formation and technique ordered by the leader -Leader remains oriented (w/in 200m) on route -Maintain 100% 360 degree security for movement -Maintain >75% 360 degree security during halt -Make contact with smallest element possible -Use control measures (head counts, rally points or phase lines) |
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What should the point man be doing? |
ONLY responsibility is forward security for the element; should NOT be the compass or pace person |
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What should compass and pace people have? |
Alternates |
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What are some of the fundamentals of movement? |
-Stealth: cover and concealment; limited visibility -Security: active and passive measures -Fire Support -Choice of technique -Three demensional battlefield |
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What should be the task organization of a tactical march? |
Security: advance and trail teams Main body: two remaining line squads and wpns squad Headquarters Control Measures |
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What should be dispersion for tactical march? |
3m-5m b/w rangers in day, 1m-3m b/w rangers for night |
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What should be considered for tactical march? |
METT-TC, Task Organization, Start and Release Points (check points to report to higher, rally points, locations of leaders, comms plan, dispersion), March Order (formations and order, route of march, assembly areas, SP, RP, rally point, rate of march, march intervals, actions on enemy contact, actions at halts, fires, water supply, MEDEVAC), Duties and Responsibilities |
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What should be done when visibility is poor? |
Leaders move closer to front Platoon reduces speed Use luminescent tape on equipment Reduce intervals Head count often |
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What are the two techniques for actions at rally points? |
-Minimum force: assemble at the rally point and the senior leader assumes command. When the min. force is assembled the patrol will continue the mission -Time available: The senior leader determines if the patrol has enough time remaining to accomplish the mission |
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What is a short halt and what actions should be taken? |
Typically 1-2 min long. Rangers seek immediate cover and concealment and take a knee. Leaders assign sectors of fire |
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What is a long halt and what actions should be taken? |
More than 2 minutes; Rangers assume prone position behind cover and concealment. Leaders ensure Rangers have clear fields of fire and assign sectors of fire. |
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What are danger areas/ |
Any place on a unit's route where the leader determines his unit may be exposed to enemy observation or fire (open areas, roads and trails, urban terrain, enemy positions and natural/manmade obstacles); SOULD BE bypassed if possible |
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What are the fundamentals of crossing a danger area? |
-Designate near and far side rally points -Secure near aside, left and right flank, and rear security -Recon and secure the far side -Cross the danger area -Plan for fires on all known danger areas |
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What does a squad cross a linear danger area? |
1. ATL (alpha TL) observes the danger area and sends hand signal to SL who determines bounder 2. SL directs the ATL to move his team across the LDA far enough to fit squad on far side; BTL moves to the LDA to right or left to provide overwatch position prior to A team crossing 3. SL receives the hand signal that it is safe to move the rest of the squad across (except Bteam) 4. SL moves himself, RTO and B team across LDA 5. A team assumes original azimuth |
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What does SLLS stand for? |
Stop Look Listen and Smell--should be done on far side of danger area |
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What hand/arm signal is given for all clear from far side of LDA |
Day time: thumbs up Night time: infrared or red lens |
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What does it mean to sterilize a crossing site? |
Pick up trash, ensure no tracks |
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How does a platoon cross a small open danger area? |
a. lead squads halts and signals b. PL moves forward to the lead squad to confirm c. PL confirms and est. near and far side rally pts d. PL designates squad to bypass using detour method (90 degree turns) e. Paceman suspends pace f. After moving N meters, lead squad assumes original azimuth g. Resume patrol
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What are the 5 principles of patrolling? |
Planning Reconnaissance Security Control Common Sense |
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What is a patrol? |
A detachment sent out by a larger unit to conduct a specific mission. A patrol's organization is temporary and specifically matched to the immediate task. Because a patrol is an organization, not a mission, it is not correct to speak of giving a unit a mission to "patrol". |
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What is patrolling or conducting a patrol? |
The semi-independent operation conducted to accomplish the patrol's mission. A patrol requires a specific task and purpose. |
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What is employment of a patrol? |
A commander sends a patrol out from the main body to conduct a specific tactical task with an associated purpose. Upon completion of that task the patrol leader returns to the main body, reports to the commander and describes the events that took place, the status of the patrol's members and equipment, and any observations. |
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What is Patrol Leadership? |
if a patrol is made up of an organic unit, such as a rifle squad, the squad leader is responsible. If a patrol is made up of a mixed elements from several units, and officer or NCO is designated as the patrol leader. |
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What is a patrol's size? |
A patrol can be a unit as small as a fire team. Squad and platoon-sized patrols are normal. |
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What are the common elements of a patrol? |
-Hq element -Aid and litter team -EPW team -Surveillance Team -En Route Recorder -Compass man -Point/pace man |
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What are common elements of combat patrols? |
-Assault element: siezes and secures obj. -Security element: provides security at danger areas, ORP, isolates the obj. and supports withdrawal -Support element: provides direct and indirect fire support. Includes machine guns, antiarmor weapons, small rifles, mortars, arty, CAS and M203 -Demo team: prepares and detonates charges -EPW and Search teams: provided by assault element (2-4 Rangers) to search buildings, tunnels or bunkers on obj for PIR. -Breach element |
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Common elements of recon patrols |
-Reconnaissance team: reconnoiter the obj. (2 Rangers) -Reconnaissance and security teams: used in zone recon or any sit. where recon and security should not be separated -Security element: provides security at danger areas, ORP, isolates obj. and supports withdrawal |
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What should be the averge movement for a patrol in daylight hours in woodland terrain? |
1kmph |
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What should be the average movement for a patrol in limited visibility in woodland terrain? |
1/2 kmph |
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How long should be allotted for leader's recon? |
1.5 hours |
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How long should be allotted for establishment of securiyt and surveillance? |
30 min |
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What should be considered for patrol route selection? |
Primary and alterate routes shoul dbe selected; return routes should differ from routes to the objective. |
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What are the items the leader considers when completing the patrol plan? |
a. Specified and implied tasks b. Key travel and execution times c. Primary and alternate routes d. Signals e. Challenge and password forward of friendly lines f. Location of leaders g. Actions on enemy contact h. Contingency plans i. Rally points j. Objective rally points k. Leader's recon on the objective l. Actions on the objective |
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What is the odd number password system? |
Leader specifies an odd number; and the challenge+password=that number |
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Running password |
Password that Rangers use + # of returning Rangers that indicate they are approaching in a disorganized measure and possibly under pressure |
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What does GOTWA stand for? |
G-Where the leader is going O-Others he is taking with him T-Time he plans to be gone W-What to do if the leader does not return in time A-Actions by unit in the event contact is made while the leader is gone |
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What should be included in Actions on Enemy Contact? |
Must address actions on chance contact at each phase, handling of seriously wounded Rangers and KIAs, handling of prisoners who are captured |
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What is a rally point |
A point where a unit reassembles and reorganizes if they become dispersed |
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What are the criteria for a rally point? |
-Easily identifiable in daylight and limited visibility -Show no signs of recent enemy activity -Covered and concealed -Away from natural lines of drift and high speed avenues of approach -Defendable for short periods of time |
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What are the different types of rally points? |
-Initial -En Route -Objective -Near and far side |
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What is an ORP? |
Objective Rally Point. Typically lies 200m to 400m from the obj. or one major terrain feature away |
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What are actions on the ORP? |
-Conduct SLLS and pinpoint location -Conduct a leaders recon of the objective -Issue a FRAGO, if needed -Make final preparations before continyuing ops (i.e. recamo, prepare demos, line up rucksacks, prepare EPW bindings, first aid kits and litters, inspect wpns) -Account for Rangers and equipment after actions on the obj. -Reestablish the chain of command after actions on obj. -Disseminate info from recon, if no contact was made |
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What is accomplished during a leader's recon? |
Leader pinpoints the objective, selects reconnaissance, security, support and assault positions for his elements, adjusts his plan based on his observation on the objective. During a recon for Raid or Ambush the PL will leave surveillance on the objective. |
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What are the two most common types of recon? |
area and zone |
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What are the Fundamentals of Reconnaissance? |
Obtain required information Avoid detection by the enemy Employ security measures Task organize |
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What should be the actions on objective for Area Recon? |
-Secure and Occupy ORP -Conduct leader's recon a. estimate release point b. pinpoint objective c. emplace surveillance teams d. establish LOA -Establish security teams if used -Conduct long range O&S (series of OPs) -Conduct short range O&S (move to OP near) |
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How should reconnaissance and security teams move to successive OPs and why? |
cloverleaf method; they can avoid paralleling the obj. site, maintain stealth, do not cross LOA and maximize cover/concealment |
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When should an R&S team return? |
-They gathered all their PIR -They have reached the LOA -The allocated time has elapsed -Contact has been made |
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What are the three types of zone recon methods? |
-Fan method -Converging routes method -Box method |
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What is the fan method? |
Patrol establishes security at first ORP Ea. recon element moves from ORP along a different fan-shaped route. Route interlaps with that of other recon elements Leader maintains reserve at ORP When all recon elements return, the unit moves to next ORP |
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What is converging routes method? |
PL selects routes from ORP thru zone to a rendezvous point at the far side of the zone from the ORP Each recon element follows a path and converge on one time and place |
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Box method |
Pl sends recon elements from the first ORP along routes that form a box. He sends other elements along routes throughout that box. All teams link up at the far side of the box from the ORP. |
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are the different types of combat patrols? |
Raids, ambushes, and security |
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What is an ambush? |
A surprise attack from a concealed position on a moving or temporarily halted target. |
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What key factors should be considered for ambush plan? |
-Coverage by fire (ideally whole kill zone) -METT-TC -Existing or reinforcing obstacles, including claymores, to keep enemy in kill zone -Security teams, who typically have AT4s, LAWs, clay,mores and comms -Security elements or teams to isolate the kill zone -Protection of the assualt and support elements with claymores or explosives -Assault through the kill zone to the LOA -Timin gof all actions to preclude loss of surprise -Time ambush must be maintained |
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What are the categories of ambushes? |
Hasty: when a unit makes visual contact with an enemy force and has time to establish an ambush without being detected. must be well rehearsed Deliberate: conducted at a predetermined location against any enemy element that meets engagement criteria (i.e. size, composition, and wpns/equip) |
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What are the two types of ambushes? |
-Point: Rangers deploy to attack at single kill zone -Area: Deployt in two or more related point ambushes |
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What are the two ambush formations? |
-Linear: assault and support elements deploy parallel to the enemy's route. Can be used in close terrain that restrics the enemy's ability to maneuver against the plaoon. -L-shaped: Assault element forms the long leg parallel to the enemy and support element forms short leg; can be used at sharp bend in enemy's route |
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What are the steps of a hasty ambush? |
a. Using visual signs, any Ranger alerts the unit that enemy force is in sight. b. Platoon halts and remains motionless; PL gives sign for hasty ambush and directs unit to concealed position c. Leader designates location and extent of kill zone d. Unit moves into cover/concealed positions, ensuring good observation and fields of fire e. Security elements move out to cover flank and rear and provide fire to kill zone f. Pl assigns sectors of fire and control measures g. PL initatiates ambush when largest % of enemy is in kill zone (controls rate and distro of fires, employes indirect fires, orders cease fire, orders assault thru if needed) h. PL designates pppl to conduct search of EPW i. PL orders plt to withdraw j. PL takes accountability, reorganizes, cont. mission
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What are steps for deliberate ambush? |
a. Pl prepares patrol for ambush in the ORP b. Prep leader recon (PL, SLs, surv. tm, FO, sec.) c. Leaders recon (conf. obj., select kill zone, post surv. team, confirm aslt and spt positions and routes, select position of wpns, ident. controls) d. PL adjusts plan from recon (positions,withdrawal) e. PL confirms ambush formation f. Sec. tms occupy/secure flanks, a sec. tm remains at ORP if the patrol will return g. Spt element ldr assigns sectors of fire/limit stakes, places claymores, overwatches aslt elem. h. Aslt elem. moves into position, battle formation, sectors of fire, claymores, camouflages i. Secur. spots enemy, notifies PL (sz, dir, wpns) j. Pl determines whtr to ambush, notifies elements k. PL initiates ambush l. PL ensures heavy, accurate volume of fire m. PL gives signal to lift or shift fire n. Aslt element aslts b4 enemy can react, kills or captures enemy, halts at LOA and est. secur. o. PL directs special teams p. If enemy reinforce. attempt to penetrate kill zone, flank secur. engages q. PL directs unit's withdrawal r. PL/PSG direct actions at ORP (accountability) s. PL disseminates info, moves to safe loc. t. PL/FO execute indirect fires to cover withdraw. |
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How is fratricide prevented in ambush? |
Metal to metal contact for bipods for assault element or AIMING stakes |
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What weapon system should be used at the iniatiation of ambush? |
Highest casualty producing device. Command detonated claymore as primary, backup as individual weapon. |
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How should the PL define targets in kill zone in limited visibility? |
Infrared lasers |
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What should EPW and demo teams do once the aslt element has established its LOA? |
-Once kill zone is clear, collect and secure all EPWs and move them out of kill zone before searching bodies. Coordinate for EPW exchange point to link up with higher to extract EPWs and conduct 5S&T -Search from one side to the other and mark bodies that have been searched to ensure the area is covered. Use "clear out, search in" -Identify, collect, and prepare equip. |
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What is the clear out, search in technique? |
Clear from the center of the objective out, ensureing the area is clear of all enemy combatants; then search all enemy personnel twowardsthe center of the objective. |
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What is the two-Ranger search technique? |
-As they approach a dead Soldier, one Ranger guards while one Ranger kicks wpn out of way and searches -Rolls body over by lying on top and rolls body onto him when guard gives go (guard has wpn pointed at head) -Searches then search from head to toe removing papers and anything new (note if enemy has fresh or shaby haircut and condition of boots and uniforms, radio frequency), secure docs, maps.. -Move on to next dead enemy Soldier |
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What should medic do on the objective after assault has reached LOA? |
Treat all friendly wounded then enemy wounded |
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What should demolitions team do on the objective after assault has reached LOA? |
Prepare dual primed explosives or incendiary greandes and await signal to initiate. This is the last action performed before the unit departs, and may signal security element to return to ORP |
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How are the actions on objective different if there is a stationary assault line? |
Actions are the same, except the search teams operate in threes to provide far side security. Rangers move all KIAs to the near side of kill zone. |
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How does the unit withdraw from the ambush site? |
-Reverse order from how they established positions -Element may return to RP or directly to ORP, depending on distance between elements -Security element of the ORP must be alert to assist platoon's return to ORP -All elements should return to the location at which they separated from the main body, usually RP |
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What is a raid? |
A form of attack, usually small scale, involving a swift entry into hostile territory to secure info, confuse the enemy, or destroy installations followed by a planned withdrawal. Squads do not conduct raids. Sequence of platoon raid is similar to ambush. Assault element may have to conduct breach and demolish fixed facilities at obj. |
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What are the fundamentals of a raid? |
-Suprise and speed -Coordinated fires -Violence of action -Planned withdrawal |
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What are the actions on objective for a raid? |
1. patrol moves to and occupies ORP 2. PL conducts recon, cont. plan, est. RP, pinpoits obj., emplace surv. team, updates intel, etc. 3. PL confirms, denies or modifies plan (routes, control measures, etc.) 4. Security elements occupy positions that provide early warning and can seal off obj. from reinforce. 5. Support elem. moves to obj. with clear FoF 6. PL moves with aslt elem. to aslt position 7. Element ldrs inform PL when they are set 8. PL direct support element to fire 9. After fire superiority, PL directs aslt elem. to move towards obj. (aslt elem. holds fire until engaged or ready to penetrate, Pl signals spt elem. to lift/shift fires) 10. Aslt element attacks and secures obj. 11. Aslt elem. withdraws from obj. 12. Sqds withdraw from obj. 13. PL reports mission to higher |
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What should be done by assault position for raid as it moves into position? |
-Makes contact with surveillance team to confirm enemy activity on obj. -Ensures aslt position is close enough for immediate assault -Moves into position undetected and establish local security and fire-control measures |
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What should the assault element of a raid do as it moves toward obj. |
-May have to breach obstacle -Increase volume and accuracy of fires -SLs assign specifc targets or obj. for fire teams -Focus more on suppression and less on maneuver as they get closer -Ultimately, all but one fire team may be suppressing to allow that one team to break into the enemy position -Use proper indiv. movement techniques; fire teams maintain shallow wedge; there is no getting "on line" -Assaults until LOA -Establish security at LOA, ACE reports, provide aid, redistribute ammo/supplies, relocate wpns to surprise |
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How does the assault element withdraw from the objective after a raid? |
-Demo team activates devices -Assault line begins an organized withdrawal from obj site, maintaining control and secrurity -Bound back near assault line and begin single file withdrawal through APLs choke point. All Rangers must move through the choke point for an accurate count. -Once aslt elem. is safe distance, spt elem. can withdraw -Once both are withdrawn, notify PL and security element withdraws |
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What is a linkup? |
A meeting of friendly ground forces; they depend on control, detailed planning, communications and stealth |
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What should be considered for linkup site selection? |
-Ease of recognition -Cover and concealment -No tactical value to the enemy -Location away from natural lines of drift -Defendable for short period of time -Multiple access and escape routes |
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What are the steps of the linkup? |
1. Stationary unit occupies linkup rally point (LRP) NLT time in order, establishes all-round security and comms, preps for moving unit, clears immediate area around linkup point, marks linkup point wiht coordianted signal, security team moves to a position to observe LRP and immediate area 2. Moving unit reports its location using phase lines, checkpoints or other contorl measures, halts at safe distance 3. PL and a contact team prepare to make physical contact, give contingency plan, maintain comms with plt, exhcange far and near recognition signals with linkup unit 4. Stationary unit guides patrol from LRP to stationary unit LRP; main body is alerted before the patrol comes in to LRP 5. Continue mission |
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What should be coordinated for linkup? |
-Exchange freqs, call signs, codes and comms info -Verify near and far recognition signals -Exchange fire coordiantion measures -Determine command relationship with linkup unit -Plan actions following linkup -Echange control measures such as contact points, phase lines as appropriate |
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What should be included in written Debrief to higher after a patrol is conducted? |
-Size and composition of the unit on patrol -Mission of the platoon (type of patrol, loc. purpose) -Depature and return times -Routes, checkpoints, grid coordiantes -Detailed description of terrain and enemy positions -Results of any contact with enemy -Unit status at the conclusion of patrol -Conclusions or recommendations |
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How does a platoon occupy an ORP? |
-Patrol halts beyond sight and sound of tentative ORP (200m to 400m in good visibility, 100-200m in limited visibility) -Patrol establishes security halt -5 point contingency plan, PL recons with recon element -For squad patrol PL moves forward with compass man and one member of each fire team to confirm ORP (after clearing, leaves two Rangers at 6o'clock facing opposite, issues a contingency plan and returns to patrol) |
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How should ORP be oriented with squad sized element? |
One team occupies 3o'clock to 9o'clock; other occupies 9o'clock to 3o'clock |
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How should ORP be oriented with platoon sized element? |
-PL, RTO, WSL, three ammo bearers, a TL, a SAW gunner and riflemen go on recon and position at 10, 2, and 6 -1st squad in order of march occupies 10-2 -trail squads occupy from 2-6 and 6-10 -patrol hq elements occupies center of the triangle |
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What should be actions in ORP? |
-Unit prepares for mission -Once leader's recon pinpoits objective, PSG lines up rucksacks in the center of ORP |
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How long should a patrol base be occupied? |
Not longer than 24 hour period and never twice |
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What are patrol bases used for? |
-Avoid detection by eliminating movement -Hide a unit during a long detailed recon -Perform maintenance on wpns, equip and rest -Plan and issue orders -Reorganize after infiltrating an enemy area -Establish a base from which to execute ops |
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What are some planning considerations for a patrol base? |
-Observation posts and comms with OPs -Patrol or platoon fire plan -Alert plan -Withdrawal plan from PB to include routes and RPs, rendezvous point, or alternate patrol base -Security system to make sure Rangers stay awake -Enforcement of camo, nosie and light discipline -Conduct of required activities w/ min. noise/movement -Priorities of work |
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What are some security measures that should be taken for selecting patrol base? |
-Select terrain of no tactical value to enemy -Not on main lines of drift -Terrain that would impede foot movement (dense vegetation) -Terrain near water -Terrain tha can be defended and has good C&C -Avoid known or suspected enemy positions -Avoid built up areas -Avoid ridges and hilltops, except as needed for comms -Avoid small valleys -Avoid roads and trails |
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How is a patrol base occupied? |
Same as ORP, except that the platoon will enter at a 90 degree turn and PL leaves two Rangers at the turn; patrol covers tracks from turn to PB |
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What shape will a squad sized PB be? |
Cigar shape |
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What shape will a platoon sized PB be? |
Triangle |
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How is recon conducted once ORP is occupied? |
-Each squad sends one R&S team to PL -PL gives contingency plan, recon method and guidance on what to look for (enemy water, built up areas or human habitats, roads/trails, poss. RPs) -Squad sized PB does not send out recons at night -R&S prepare a sketch of area -Patrol remains 100% alert during recon -Can wait in silence to send out recon if PL thinks they were tracked -R&S use "I" the "Box" or "T" method to recon. -Upon recon completion, PL confirms or denies location |
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How is a passive patrol base (squad) established? |
-Purpose is to rest squad or smaller element -Unit moves as a whole and occupies in force -Enters at 90 degree angle -Claymore is emplaced on route entering patrol base -A and B teams sit back to back facing out, ensuring at least one individual per team is alert and providing security |
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What are the priorities of work for PB? |
-Security -Withdrawal Plan -Communications -Mission prep and planning -Weapons and equipment maintenance -Water resupply -Mess plan |
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How should priorities of work be communicated? |
Task, given time and measurable performance standard; whether task will be controlled in centralized or decentralized standard |
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How should security be established in PB? |
-Use active and passive measures to cover entire perimeter at all times, regardless of percentage -Readjust after recon teams return or based on work being done -Employ all elements, wpns and personnel to meet conditions of terrain, enemy or situation -Assigns sectors of fire to all personnel and wpns -Confirm location of fighting positions for C&C, O&FoF -Only use on point of entry and exit -Hasty fighting positions are 18"deep and sloping gently from front to rear |
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How should comms be maintained in pB? |
Must be maintained with HHQ, OPs and within unit; may be rotated b/w RTOs |
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What is the maximum number of weapons that may be disassembled at one time for mainteance |
-33% -None at night -If one machine gun is down, security for all remaining systems is raised |
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What should be considered for Mess Plan at PB? |
-At a minimum security and wpns maintenance is conducted first -Normally no more than half of plt eats at once -Eat 1-3m behind fighting positions |
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When is stand to typically conducted? |
30 min before and after BMNT and EENT |
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What are the two techniques of movement to contact a nd when are they used? |
-Search and Attack: used when enemy is dispersed, is expected to avoid contact, disengage or withdraw, or you have to deny his movement to an area. Involves multiple plts, sqds or tms; combine patrolling techniques with hasty or deliberate ambushes. -Approach march: Make contact with the smallest element, allowing the commander the flexibility of destroying or bypassing the enemy |
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What should be considered for search and attack? |
-METT-TC -Requirement for decentralized execution -Requirement for mutual support -Length of op -Minimze Soldier load to improve speed/stealth -Resupply and MEDEVAC -Position of key leaders -Employment of key wpns -Requirement for patrol bases -Concept for entering zone of action -Concept for linkups while in contact -Critical performance measures -How to not be detected -How to maneuver against the enemy when fixed -How to maintain security to avoid being flanked |
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What are fundamentals of all movements to contact? |
-Make enemy contact with smallest element possible -Rapidly develop combat power upon enemy contact -Provide all round security for the unit -Support higher unit's concept -Reports all info rapidly -Requires decentralized execution |
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What are the conditions (cues) for React to Contact Battle Drill (visual)? |
Unit makes visual contact with the enemy |
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What are the conditions (cues) for React to Contact Battle Drill (IED)? |
Unit identifies, confirms or detonates an IED |
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What are the conditions (cues) for React to Contact Battle Drill (Direct Fire)? |
Enemy initiates contact with a direct-fire weapon |
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What are the standards for React to Contact Battle Drill (Visual)? |
(Dismounted)-Unit destroys the enemy with a hasty ambush or an immediate assault through the enemy position (Mounted)-Based on the composition, the unit either suppresses and reports the enemy position and then continues mission, or the patrol suppresses to fix the enemy psoition for a follow-on assault to destroy the enemy |
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What are the standards for React to Contact Battle Drill (IED)? |
Unit takes immediate action by using the 5 C's procedure (Confirm, Clear, Call, Cordon, and Control) |
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What are the standards for React to Contact Battle Drill (Direct Fire)? |
Unit immediately returns well aimed fire and seeks cover. Unit leadcer reports contact to hhq |
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What are the performance measures for React to Contact Battle Drill (Visual-Dismounted) when using a hasty ambush? |
1. Unit leader determines that the enemy has not seen the unit 2. Unit leader signals Rangers to occupy firing positions 3. Leader initates the ambush with the most casualty producing weapon available, immediately followed by sustained, well aimed volume of fires 4. If prematurely detected, Ranger(s) aware of the detection initiate the ambush 5. Unit destroys the enemy or forces him to withdraw 6. Unit leader reports the contact to hhq |
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What are the performance measures for React to Contact Battle Drill (Visual-Dismounted) when using an immediate assault? |
1. Unit and the enemy simultaneously detect each other at close range 2. All Rangers who see the enmy should engage and shout "CONTACT" with a clock direction and distance to enemy 3. Elements in contact immediately assault the enemy using fire and movement 4. Unit destroys the enemy or forces him to withdraw 5. Unit leader reports the contact to hhq |
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What are the performance measures for React to Contact Battle Drill (Visual-Mounted)? |
1. Ranger who spots the enemy announces the contact 2. Element in contact immediately suppresses 3. Vehicle Commander in contact sends contact report over the radio 4. Unit maneuvers on the enemy or continues to move along route 5. Vehicle gunners fix and suppress the enemy position 6. Unit leader reports contact to hhq |
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What are the performance measures for React to Contact Battle Drill (IED)? |
1. Unit reacts to a suspected or known IED prior to detonation using 5 Cs 2. While maintain a safe distance and 360 degree security, unit confirms IED presence and surveils 3. Unit clears all personnel from the area at safe deistance to protect from secondary IED 4. Unit calls hhq to report the IED 5. Unit cordons off the area (300m min. danger area, creates incident control point (ICP) 6. Unit "controls" the area inside the cordon 7. Unit scans the area for suspicious activity |
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What are the performance measures for React to Contact Battl Drill (Direct Fire-Dismounted)? |
1. Rangers under fire return fire and seek cover and call out distance and direction 2. Leaders locate and engage with well aimed fire and report to unit leader 3. Element leader control Rangers' fire by marking with lasers or marking intended targets with tracers/M203 rounds 4. Rangers maintain contact with Ranger on L/R 5. RNGRs maintain contact with TL and relay info 6. Element leader checks on Rangers' status 7. Elem. leader remains in contact with unit ldr 8. Unit leader reports contact to hh |
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What are the Performance measures for React to Contact Battle Drill (Direct Fire-Mounted)? |
1. If moving as part of logistics patrol, vehicle gunners immediately suppress enemy position and continue to move 2. Vehicel commanders direct drivers to accelerate safely through engagement area 3. If combat patrol,gunners suppress and fix the enemy allowing others to maneuver/destroy 4. Leaders check status of Rangers and vix 5. Unit leader reports contact to hhq |
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What products can be referenced for React to Contact Battle Drill? |
Infantry Rifle Platoon and Squad (FM 3-21.8) SBCT Infantry Rifle Platoon and Squad (FM 3-21.9) Warrior Ethos and Soldier Combat Skills (FM 3-21.75) |
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What are the conditions (cues) for Break Contact Battle Drill? |
All or part of the unit is receiving enemy direct fire. Unit leader initiates drill by giving the order to BREAK CONTACT. |
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What are the standards for break contact battle drill? |
Unit returns fire. Leader identifies the enemy as a superior force and makes the decision to break contact. Unit breaks contact using fire and movement. Unit continues to move until the enemy cannot observe or place effective fire on them. Unit leader reports to hhq |
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What are the performance measures for Break Contact Battle Drill (dismounted)? |
1. Unit leader designates elem. to suppress enemy with direct fire as the base of fire element 2. Unit leader orders distance, direction, a terrain feature or last RP for movement of first element 3. Unit leader calls for and adjusts indirect fire to suppress the enemy position 4. Base of fire element continues to suppress 5. Biounding squad/team uses terrain and smoke to conceal movement and bounds to overwatch 6. Bounding element occupies overwatch and suppresses enemy 7. Base of fire element moves to its next position 8. Unit continues to suppress enemy and bound 9. Unit leader reports contact to higher |
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What are the performance measures for Break Contact Battle Drill (mounted)? |
1. Unit leader directs the vehicle to suppress 2. Unit leader orders distance, direction, a terrain feature or last ORP over radio for movement of first section 3. Unit leadaer calls for and adjust indirect fire to suppress enemy 4. Gunners in the base of fire continue to engage 5. Bounding section moves to assume overwatch position using terrain/smoke continuing to suppress 6. Unit continues to suppress and bounds until no longer under contact 7. Unit leader reports contact to hhq |
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What are the Conditions (cues) for React to Ambush (FAR) Battle Drill? |
Enemy initiates contact with DIRECT and INDIRECT fire |
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What are the Standards for React to Ambush (FAR) Battle Drill? |
(Dismounted)-Unit immediately returns fire and occupies covered and concealed positions. Unit moves out of kill zone, locates enemy position and conducts fire and maneuver to destroy enemy (Mounted)-Gunners immediately return fire as the unit continues to move out of the kill zone. Unit leader reports to hhq |
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what are the Performance Measures for a A React to Ambush (FAR) Battle Drill (Dismounted)? |
1. Rangers receiving fire immediately return fire, seek cover, est. a SPF position and suppress enemy 2. Rangers not receiving fire move along a covered and concealed route to the enemy's flank in order to assault his position 3. Unit leader or FO calls for and adjusts indirect fire and CAS. On order, lifts or shifts fire to isolate the enmy position or to attack with indiret fire as enemy retreats 4. Rangers in the kill zone shift suppressive fire as the assaulting Rangers fight thorugh and destroy enemy 5. Unit leader reports the contact to hhq |
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What are the Performance Measures for a React to Ambush (FAR) Battle Drill (Mounted)? |
1. Immediately return fire 2. If roadway is clear, all vix proceed through kill zone 3. Lead vehicle deploys, vehicle smoke to to obscure view 4. Vehicle commanders in disabled vix order Rangers to dismount and set up security while awaiting recover 5. Remainder of unit follows lead vic out of kill zone 6. Unit leader reports contact to hhq |
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What are the Conditions (Cues) for React to Ambush Battle Drill (Near)? |
Enemy initiates contact with direct fire within hand grenade range. All or part of the unit is receiving accurate enemy direct fire. Drill begins when the enemy initiates ambush within hand grenade range. |
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What are the Standards for React to Ambush (NEAR) Battle Drill? |
(Dismounted)-Rangers in the kill zone immediately return fire on known or suspected enemy positions, and then assault through the kill zone. Rangers outside the kill zone locate and place well aimed suppressive fire on the enemy. Unit assaults through the kill zone and destroys enemy. (Mounted)-Vic gunners immediately return fire on enemy as unit continues to move out of kill zone. Rangers on disabled vix in kill zone dismount, occupy covered positions, and engage the enmy with accurate fire. Gunners outside kill zone suppress enemy. Unit assaults through the kill zone and destroys enemy. |
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What are the Performance Measures for React to Ambush (NEAR) Battle Drill (Dismounted)? |
1. Rangers in kill zone return fire: 1. No cover-immediately assault thorugh kill zone without order or signal OR 2. Cover--without order occupy nearest cover and throw smoke 2. Rangers in kill zone assault through ambush using fire and movement c. Rangers not in kill zone identify enemy location, suppress position and shift fire as Rangers assault obj. 4. Rangers assault through and destroy enemy position 5. Unit leader reports contact to hhq |
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What are the Performance Measures for React to Ambush (NEAR) Battle Drill (mounted)? |
1. Gunners in kill zone return fire and deploy smoke while moving out of kill zone 2. Rangers in disabled vix obscure the themselves with smoke, dismount if possible, seek cover and return fire 3. Rangers outside kill zone identify enemy and suppress 4. Unit leader calls for and adjusts indirect fire and requests CAS 5. Rangers in kill zone assault through the ambush and destroy enemy 6. Unit leader reports contact to hhq |
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What are the conditions (cues) for Knock out Bunker Battle Drill? |
Enemy initiates contact from concealed bunker network. All or part of the unit is receiving accurate enemy direct fire. Some iterations of this task should be performed in MOPP4. Uniot receives an order to knock out an enemy bunker from which it is receiving fire. |
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What are the Standards for Knock out Bunker Battle Drill? |
Unit destroys the designated bunker(s) by killing, capturing or forcing the withdrawal of enemy personnel in the bunker(s). Unit maitnains a sufficient fighting force to repel an enemy counterattack and continue ops. |
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What are the Performance Measures for Knock out Bunker Battle Drill? |
1. Deploy: squad in contact est. a base of fire, WSL positions machine guns to reinforce squad in contact, PSG moves to SBF position and assumes control of fires, squad in contact gains and maintains fire superiority (direct, indirect fire, M203), squad obscures view with zmoke and est. security to rear and flanks of SBF position 2. Report contact, SALUTE, SITREPs 3. PL, RTO and FO linkup with squad in contact, identifies enemy, looks for vulnerable flank or blind spot and C&C flanking route to bunker 4. Develop a COA- which bunker is greatest threat, where adjacent bunkers are, breaching, PL assigns support position and assault elem. 5. Execute the COA-PL directs suppression, Aslt squad executes knock out bunker drill, PL directs EITHER spt or aslt to knock out next bunker, etc. 6. PSG/SL account for Rangers and continue |
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What is the knock out bunker drill for assaulting element? |
1. Assaulting squad, PL and RTO move along covered and concealed route to an assault position without masking fires of SBF 2. Rangers watch for other bunkers or enemy positions 3. Support element shifts or ceases fires 4. Aslt squad reaches last C&C position 5. Buddy team 1 (TL/AR) cover Buddy team 2; Buddy team 2 (AR/GR) move to blind spot, one Ranger in cover near exit, one Ranger throws grenade into opening with "Frag out" and team clears bunker (covering Ranger goes first) 6. TL inspects the bunker, marks it and signals to SL that it is clear |
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What are the conditions (cues) for Enter and Clear a Room Battle Drill? |
Element is conducting ops as part of a larger unit and four-Ranger team has been given the mission to clear a room. Enemy personnel are believed to be in building. Noncombatants may be present in the building and are possibly intermixed with the enemy. Support and security elements are positioned at the initial foothold and outsid the building. Some iterations of this drill should be performed in MOPP4. Drill begins on the order of the unit leader or on the command of the clearing TL. |
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What are the Standards for Enter and Clear a Room Battle Drill? |
Team secures and clears the room by killing or capturing the enemy, while minimizing friendly casualties, noncombatant casualties and collateral damage; team complies with ROE. Team maintains a sufficient fighting foce to repel an enemy counhterattack and continue ops. |
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What should be considered when using grenades when entering and clearing a room? |
ROE and building structure |
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What are the Performance Measures for Enter and Clear a Room Battle Drill? |
1. Element leader occupies a position to control security and clearing teams; elem. leader directs a team to secure corridors or hallways outside the room, TL (Ranger#2) takes position to control clearing team outside room, EL gives signal to clear 2. Clearing team enters room 3. Element leader enters the room-assesses room and threat, determines if squad has firepower to continue, reports to unit leader that room is cleared, requests needed sustainment to continue, marks entry point 4. Element consolidates and reorganizes |
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How should the Clearing Team enter and clear the room? |
a. first 2 Rangers enter simultaneously (first moves left or right to first corner, second enters room in opposite direction to other corner) b. Third Ranger moves opposite to second and assumes position along wall c. Fourth moves opposite of third and sets position along wall
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How should Rangers enter the room when clearing it? |
Enter immediately after grenade detonates; enter firing aimed bursts into their sector |
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If the first or second Ranger discovers the room is small or short what should they do? |
Shouts "SHORT ROOM" or "SHORT" and directs the 3rd and 4th whether to enter or stay outside |
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What are the Conditions (cues) for Enter a Trench to Secure a Foothold Battle Drill? |
Platoon receives effective fire from an enemy trench. Platoon is ordered to secure a foothold in the trench. Platoon has only organic weapon support available. Unit leader initiates by giving the order for the assault element to secure a foothold in the trench. |
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What are the Standards for Enter a Trench and Secure a Foothold Battle Drill? |
PL/SL identifies the entry point, Plt/Sqd sescure entry point, enter trench and secure an area large enough for the follow on unit. Platoon maintains a sufficient fighting force to repel enemy counterattack and continue the mission. |
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What are the Performance Measures for Enter a Trench and Secure a Foothold Battle Drill? |
1. Squad executes actions on contact to suppress 2. Squad in contact returns fire, seeks cover, est. fire superiority, est. local security, reports using SALUTE PSG positions other squad for SBF and observation, PL sends SALUTE to CDR 3. PL evaluates situation using # of enemy wpns, presence of vix, indirect fire; conducts recon on flanks, locates spt positions, locates obstacles and C&C, determines who is superior, analyzes reports 4. PL decides to enter trench, selects C&C route, directs maneuver elements to secure near side of entry point, PSG positions for Observ/Spt 5. Uses SOSRA to set conditions and assault, report up when it is secure, PSG controls support sqds outside of trench 6. PL/SLs account for Rangers, provide SITREP |
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What is SOSRA for establishing a trench foothold? |
Suppress-Indirect fire, direct fire Obscure-use smoke Secure-near side security (clear entry point, move aslt sqd to last C&C position, shift fires to suppress adjacent positions) Reduce-Shift indirect fires to isolate OBJ Assault-Rangers roll right or left to secure far side and clear area large enough; SL marks entry point and sends next team in to increase size saying "Next Team In" |
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What are the Conditions (cues) for Breach a Mined Wire Obstacle Battle Drill? |
Platoon encounters a mined wire obstacle that prevents the plt from moving forward. Plt cannot bypass the obstacle. Enemy begins engaging plt from positions on far side of obstacle. Drill begins when the plt's lead element encounters a mined wire obstacle and the unit leader orders the element to breach the obstacle. |
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What are the Standards for Breach a Mined Wire Obstacle Battle Drill? |
Platoon breaches the obstacle and moves all peronnel and equip. quickly through the breach. Platoon moves the support element and follow on forces through the breach and maintains a sufficient fighting force to secure the far side of the breach. |
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What are the Performance Measures for Breach a Mined Wire Obstacle Battle Drill? |
1. Squad executes actions on contact 2. Squad in contact returns fire, and reports 3. PL evaluates enemy situation 4. Pl directs squad in contact to support movement of another squad to breach point (indicates route to base of fire, indicates enemy position to be suppressed, indicates breach point and route for the rest of the platoon, gives instruction for lift/shift) 5. base of fire suppresses and obscures 6. PL designates breach squad and aslt squad 7. Base of fire squad mvs to breach pt and fires 8. PSG moves to fire squad with second machine gun and assumes control of squad 9. PL leads breach assault sqds along C&C route 10. FO calls for fire to support breach 11. Breach squad executes actions to breach 12. Breach squad reports to PL and posts guides 13. PL leads aslt sqd thru breach and positions on far side to support movement of rest of plt 14. breach squad continues to widen breach 15. Pl gives SITREP to CDR and posts guides for company |
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How does the breach squad breach the obstacle? |
a. SL directs one fire team to spt movement b. SL designates breach pt c. Breach fire team and SL move to breach pt using C&C (use smoke and plt SBF shifts, breach fire TL and AR position on one flank of breach point to provide close in security, GR and AR of tm probe for mines and cut wire obstacle, TL and AR move to far side of obstacle) d. SL signals SBF team to move his fire team through breach; SL moves through obstacle, leaving GR/AR on near side to guide plt e. SBF (Base of fire) team moves through after SL. |
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What are the conditions (cues) for React to Indirect Fire Battle Drill? |
(Dismoutned) Any Ranger gives the alert "Incoming" or a round impacts nearby
(Mountted) Incoming comes over radio or round impacts nearby
Drill begins with "incoming" or round impact |
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What are the Standards for React to Indirect Fire Battle Drill? |
(Dismounted) Rangers immediately seek the best available cover. Unit moves out of area to the dsignated rally point after the impacts. (Mounted) Drivers immediately move their vehicles out of the impact area in the direction and distance ordered. Unit leader reports contact to higher. |
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What are the Performance Measures for React to Indirect Fire Battle drill? |
(Dismounted) a. Any Ranger announces incoming, b. Rangers immediately assum eprone or move to cover, c. Unit leader orders unit to RP using distance and direction, d. After the impact, Rangers move rapidly to RP, e. Unit reports to higher (Mounted) a. Any Ranger announces incoming, b. Vic cdr repeats the alert over the radio, c. leader gives direction and linkup location over radio, d. Rangers close all hatches, e. Drivers move out of impact area in direction, f. Unit reports to higher |
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At what temperature do rescure stretchers break? |
120 Degrees |
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How big is rescue stretcher (sz/wt) |
3'x8', 19lbs with accessories |
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What is the tensile strength of rescue stretcher? |
Horizonal lift slings: 10,000 lbs. Vertical lift slings: 5,000 lbs. |
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How do you rig rescue stretcher for horizontal lift? |
-Insert one end of head strap (shorter strap) through slot at head and through slot on opposite side -Repeat with foot strap on foot end -Equalize weight on all straps and insert steel carabiners through sewn loops on all 4 straps -Ensure you remove horizontal lift stratps if the stretcher is to be dragged |
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how do you rig rescure stretcher for vertical lift? |
-Creat a fixed loop in middle of the rope by tying a double figure knot -Pass tails through grommet on either side of the head and snug knot against stretcher -Feed ropes through grommets along the sides, pass through the handles and through the grommets at foot end of stretch and secure with square knot -Route the pigtails thorugh the lower carrying handles outside to in, and secure ends with a square knot with two overhand safeties |
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How do you ascend vertical terrain with a casualty? |
-Package a casualty in stertcher for carrying and dragging -Package a casualty in a stretcher for helicopter evac horizontally and verticlaly -Task a carrying squad and rotate that squad -Have teams move ahead to set up anchors to expedite moving the casualty up multiple pitches |
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How to descend vertical terrain with casaualty |
-Lower casualty on a munter hitch with 6-8 wrap Prusik safety -Everyone else uses a retrievable rappel with the hasty or body rappel to descend -have teams move down and establish anchors to expedite the lowering |
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What is dynamic rope? |
Ropes used for climbing; these ropes stretch or elongate 8-12 percent once subjected to weight or impact. 11mmx150m is generally considered standard for military use |
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What is static rope? |
Ropes used in situations where stretch is not desired (rope bridges, fixed rope installation, vertical haul lines) |
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What is a sling rope or cordlette? |
Short section of static rope or static cord. usually 7mm/8mm diameter and up to 21 feet long. 8mmx15ft is minimum Ranger standard. |
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How should ropes be cared for? |
-If used daily, retire after a year -Inspect ropes before, during and after use for cuts frays, abrasions, mildew and soft/worn spots -Never step on a rope or drag it unnecessarily -Avoid running rope over sharp or rough edges -keep ropes away from oil, acides and corrosive substances -Do not leave ropes knotted or under tension longer than necessary -Clean in cool water, loosely coil and hand to dry out of direct sunlight. |
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What is webbing and slings? |
Loops of tubular webbing or cord, called slings or runners, are simple and useful. Runners are predominately made from 9/16" or 1" tubular webbing sewn by manufacturer. |
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What are anchors? |
The base for all installations and roped mountaineering techniques. Anchors must be strong enough to support the entire weight of the load or impact placed upon them. |
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What are the two types of anchors? |
Artificial: manmade Natural: Trees, Rock projections and boulders, Bushes and shrubs, Tensionless Anchor (min. of four wraps around anchor wrapped from top to bottom) |
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What knot attaches a climber to a climbing rope? |
Rerouted Figure 8 Knot |
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What is the most commonly used belay knot? |
Munter hitch |
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What command is given (and by whom) when bely is on and climber may climb? |
"Belay on, Climb" by Belayer |
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What command is given (and by whom) when climber is climbing? |
"Climber is climbing" by Climber |
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What command is given (and by whom) when the climber wants the belayer to remove excess slack in rope? |
"Up-Rope" by Climber |
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What command is given (and by whom) when climber wants belayer to immediately apply brake? |
"Brake" by Climber |
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What command is given (and by whom) when climber is falling and needs brake to arrest fall? |
"Falling" by Climber |
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What command is given (and by whom) when climber wants belayer to remove all slack from climbing rope until rope is tight, apply brake and hold position? |
"Tension" by Climber |
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What command is given (and by whom) when climber wants belayer to allow slack into climbign rope? |
"Slack" by Climber |
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What command is given (and by whom) when there is an object falling near them (immediately applies brake)? |
"Rock" by Anyone |
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What command is given (and by whom) when the direction of pull on the climbing rope has changed in the event of a fall? |
"Point" by Climber |
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What command is given (and by whom) when someone needs to hold position because the other is not ready? |
'Stand-by" by Climber or Belayer |
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What informal command is given (and by whom) when climber is preparing to fall or be lowered? |
"Do you have me?" by Climber |
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What command is given (and by whom) when brake is on and belayer is prepared for fall/to lower? |
"i have you" by Belayer |
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What command is given (and by whom) when climber is safetied in or it is safe to come off belay? |
"off-Belay" by Belayer |
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What command is given (and by whom) when there is a certain amount of rope between climber and belayer? |
"i.e. 3m" by Belayer |
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What command is given (and by whom) when belayer is off belay? |
"belay off" by Belayer |
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How long can a rope bridge be? |
Half the length of rope for dry crossing, 3/4 length of rope for wet crossing |
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How is a Rope Bridge constructed? |
-First Ranger swims across and ties tensionless anchor between knee and chest level with at least 6-8 wraps -BTC ties a transport tightenting system to near side anchor and a Figure 8 slipknot and half hitch around the adjustable bight. |
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How many Rangers should be used to tighten rope bridge |
No more than 3 |
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How should Rangers cross a rope bridge? |
Commando crawl, rappel seat or monkey crawl methods |
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What should be considered for rappel point selection? |
-Smooth route, free of loose rocks and debris -Good primary and secondary anchros -Anchor point above rapeller's depature pt -Equal tension b/w all anchor points -Suitable loading and off-loading platforms -Double rope, if possible -Long enough ropes to reach the off-loading platform |
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What are the characteristics of an M249 SAW |
Fires 5.56mm, Gas-operated, automatic |
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What are the characteristics of a M240B? |
Fires 7.62mm, gas-operated, medium |
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What are the characteristics of an M2? |
Fires .50 caliber, recoil-operated, heavy |
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What are the characteristics of a MK 19? |
Fires 40mm, air-cooled, blowback-operated, automatic GL |
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What is the weight of a M249? |
16.41lbs (gun with barrel), 16 lbs (tripod) |
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What is the weight of a M240B? |
27.6 lbs (gun w/barrel), 20lbs (tripod) |
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What is the weight of an M2? |
128 lbs (gun w/ barrel and tripod) |
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What is the weight of a MK19? |
140.6 lbs (gun w/barrel and tripod) |
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What is the length of a M249? |
104 cm |
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What is the length of a M240B? |
110.5cm |
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What is the length of a M2? |
156cm |
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What is the length of MK19? |
109.5 cm |
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What is the max range of M249? |
3,600m |
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What is the max range of M240B? |
3,725m |
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What is the max range of M2? |
6,764m |
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What is the max range of MK19? |
2,212m |
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What is the max effective range of M249? |
Bipod/point: 600m Bipod/area: 800m Tripod/area; 1,000m Grazing: 600m |
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What is the max effective range of M240B? |
Bipod/point: 600m Tripod/point: 800m Bipod/area: 800m Tripod/area: 1,100m Suppression: 1,800m Grazing: 600m |
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What is the max effective range of M2? |
Point: 1,500m (single shot) Area: 1,830m Grazing: 700m |
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What is the max effective range of MK19? |
Point: 1,500m Area: 2,212m |
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What is tracer burnout for M249? |
900m |
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What is tracer burnout for M240B? |
900m |
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What is tracer burnout for M2? |
1,800m |
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What is Sustained Rate of Fire for M249? |
50 Rounds/min 6-9 rounds/burst 4-5 second intervals Barrel change: every 10 min |
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What is Sustained Rate of Fire for M240B? |
100 Rounds/min 6-9 rounds/burst 4-5 second intervals Barrel change: every 10 min |
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What is Sustained Rate of Fire for M2? |
40 ROunds/min 6-9 rounds/burst 10-15 second intervals Barrel change: end of day or if damaged |
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What is sustained rate of fire for MK19? |
40 RPM |
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What is Rapid Rate of Fire for M249? |
100 RPM 6-9 rounds/burst 2-3 second intervals Barrel change: 2 minutes |
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What is Rapid Rate of Fire for M240B? |
200 RPM 10-13 rounds/burst 2-3 second intervals Barrel change: 2 minutes |
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What is Rapid Rate of Fire for M2? |
40RPM 6-9 rounds/burst 5-10 second intervals Barrel change: end of day or if damaged |
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What is Rapid Rate of Fire for MK19? |
60RPM |
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What is Cyclic Rate of Fire/minute to barrel change for M249? |
850 RPM, continues bursts/min |
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What is Cyclic Rate of Fire/minute to barrel change for M240B? |
650-950 RPM, continues burts/min |
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What is Cyclic Rate of Fire/minutes to barrel change for M2? |
450-550 RPM continuous burts |
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Cyclic Rate of Fire/minutes to barrel change for MK19? |
325-375 RPM, continuous burts |
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What does Line of Sight refer to? |
Imaginary line drawn from the firer's eye through the sights to the point of aim |
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What does Burst of Fire mean? |
A number of successive rounds fired with the same elevation and point of aim when the trigger is held to the rear. The number of rounds in a burst can vary depending on the type of fire employed. |
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What does Trajectory mean? |
Curved path of the projectile in its flight from the muzzle of the weapon to its impact. As the range to the target increases, so does the curve of trajectory. |
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What does Maximum Ordinate mean? |
the height of the highest point above the line of sight the trajectory reaches between the muzzle of the weapon and the base of the target. It always occurs at a point about two-thirds of the distance from weapon to target and increases with range. |
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What does Cone of Fire mean? |
The pattern formed by the different trajectories in each burst as they travel downrange. Virbation of the weapon and variations in ammunition and atmospheric conditions all contribute to the trajectories that make up the cone of fire. |
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What does beaten zone mean? |
The elliptical pattern formed when the rounds in the cone of fire strike the ground or target. The size and shape of the beaten zone changes as a function of the range to and slope of the target, but is normally oval or cigar shaped and the density of the rounds decreases toward the edge. Gunners and automatic riflemen should engage targets to take maximum effect of the beaten zone. Due to the right-hand twist of the barrel, the simplest way to do this is to aim at the left base of the target. |
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What are sectors of fire? |
An area to be covered by fire that is assigned to an individual, a weapon, or a unit. Gunners are normally assigned a primary and secondary sector of fire. |
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Primary sector of fire |
Primary sector of fire is assigned to the gun team to cover the most likely avenue of enemy approach from all types of defensive positions |
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Secondary sector of fire |
Secondary sector of fire is assigned to the gun team to cover the second most likely avenue of enemy approach. It is fired from the same gun position as the primary sector of fire. |
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Final Protective Fire (FPF) |
An immediately available, prearranged barrier of fire to stop enemy movement across defensive lines or areas |
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Final Protective Line (FPL) |
A predetermined line along which grazing fire is place to stop an enemy assault. If an FPL is assigned, the machine gun is sighted along it except when other targets are being engaged. An FPL becomes the machine gun's part of the unit's Final Protective Fires. An FPL is fixed in direction and elevation. However, a small shift for search must be employed to prevent the enemy from crawling under the FPL and to compensate for irregularities in the terrain or the skinking of the tripod legs into soft soil during firing. Fire must be delivered during all conditions of visibility. |
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Principal Direction of Fire (PDF) |
Assigned to a gunner to cover an area that has good fields of fire, or that has a likely dismounted avenue of approach. A PDF also provides mutual support to an adjacent unit. If no FPL has been assigned, then sight machine guns using the PDF. IF a PDF is assigned and other targets are not being engaged, then machine guns remain on the PDF. IT is used only if an FPL is not assigned; it then becomes the machine gun's part of the unit's final protective fires. |
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How does the army classify automatic weapons fire? |
Respect to ground, target and weapon |
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What are the classes of fire respect to ground? |
Grazing fires, Plunging fires |
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What is grazing fires? |
Automatic weapons graze fire when the center of the cone of fire fails to rise more than 1 meter above ground. Grazing fire is imployed in the final protective line in defense. it is possible only when the terrain is level or uniformly sloping. Any dead space encountered along the FPL must be covered by indirect fire, such as from M203. When firing over level or uniformly sloping terrain, the machine gun M240B and M249 can attain a maximum of 600m of grazing fires. The M2 can attain a max of 700m. |
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What is plunging fires? |
Plunging fires occrs when there is little or no danger space from the muzzle of the weapon to the beaten zone. It occurs when weapons fire at long rang, from high to low ground, into abruptly rising ground, or across uneven terrain, resulting in a loss of grazing fire at any point along the trajectory. |
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What are the four classes of Fires with Respect to Target? |
-Enfilade Fire -Frontal Fire -Flanking Fire -Oblique Fire |
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What is Enfilade Fire? |
-Occurs when long axes of beaten zone and target coincide/nearly coincide -Can be frtonal fire on column or flanking fire on line -Most desirable class of fire with respect to target because -Maxkeds maximum use of beaten zone -Leaders and gunners should always try to position for enfilade fire |
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What is Frontal Fire? |
-Occurs when the long axis of the beaten zone is at a right angle to the front of the target -Highly desirable against a column -Becomes enfilade fire as beaten zone coincides with long axis of target -less desirable against a line, because most of the beaten zone normally falls below or after the enemy target |
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What is Flanking Fire |
-Delivered directly against the flank of the target -Most desirable against a line -Becomes enfilade fire as beaten zone will coincide with the long axis of the target -Least desirable against a column because most of the beaten zone normally falls before or after the enemy target |
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What is oblique fire? |
-Gunners and automatic riflemen -Occurs when the long axis of beaten zone is at any angle other than a right angle to the front of the target |
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What are the 6 types of fires with respect to the weapon? |
-Fixed -Traversing -Searching -Traversing and Searching -Swinging traverse -Free gun |
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What is fixed fire? |
Fixed fire is delivered against a stationary point target when the depth and width of the beaten zone will cover the target with little or no manipulation needed. After the initial burst, the gunner will follow any change or movement of the target without command. |
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What is traversing fire? |
Traversing disperses fires in width by successive changes in direction, but not elevation. It is delivered against a wide target with minimal depth. When engaging a wide target requiring traversing fire, the gunner should select successive aiming points throughout the target area. These aiming points should be close enough together to ensure adequate target coverage. However, they do not need to be so close that they waste ammunition by concentrating a heavy volume of fire in a small area. |
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What is searching fire? |
Searching distributes fires in depth by successive changes in elevation. It is employed against a deep target or a target that has depth and minimal width, requiring changes in only the elevation of the gun. The amount of elevation change depends upon the range and slope of the ground. |
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What is traversing and searching fire? |
This class of fire is a combination in which successive changes in direction and elevation result in the distribution of fires both in width and depth. It is employed against a target whose long axis is oblique to the direction of fire. |
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What is swinging traverse fire? |
Swinging traverse fire is employed against targets that require major changes in direction but little or no change in elevation. Targets may be dense, wide, in close formations moving slowly toward or away from the gun, or vehicles or mounted troops moving across the front. If tripod mounted, the traversing slide lock lever is loosened enough to permit the gunner to swing the gun laterally. When firing swinging traverse, the weapon is normally fired at the cyclic rate of fire. Swinging traverse consumes a lot of ammunition and does not have a beaten zone because each round seeks its own area of impact. |
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What is free gun fire? |
Free gun fire is delivered against moving targets that must be rapidly engaged with fast changes in both direction and elevation. Examples are aerial targets, vehicles, mounted troops, or infantry in relatively close formations moving rapidly toward or away from the gun position. When firing free gun, the weapon is normally fired at the cyclic rate of fire. Free gun fire consumes a lot of ammunition and does not have a beaten zone because each round seeks its own area of impact. |
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What can a medium machine gunner do to support maneuver? |
Target key enemy weapons until the enemy’s assault element masks the machine gunners’ fires. • Suppress the enemy's ability to return accurate fire • Hamper the maneuver of the enemy's assault element. • Fix the enemy in position • Isolate the enemy by cutting off his avenues of reinforcement. • Shift fire to the flank opposite the one being assaulted and continue targeting any automatic weapons providing enemy support • Engage enemy counterattack, if any. • Cover the gap created between the forward element of the friendly assaulting force and terrain covered by indirect fires when the direct fires are lifted and shifted. • On signal, displace (along with the base of fire element) to join the assault element on the objective. |
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How can the MK19 and M2 assist maneuver? |
They can do this by suppressing enemy bunkers and lightly armored vehicles. Even if their fire is too light to destroy enemy vehicles, well aimed suppressive fire can keep the enemy buttoned up and unable to place effective fire on friendly assault elements. The MK 19 and M2 are particularly effective in preventing lightly armored enemy vehicles from escaping or reinforcing. Both vehicle-mounted weapons can fire from a long range standoff position, or be moved forward with the assault element. |
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What is the purpose of the Support By Fire element? |
At a minimum it must keep the enemy from returning effective fire |
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What are the phases of rate of fire employed by the base of fire (SBF) element? |
1. Initial heavy volume (rapid rate) to gain fire superiority 2. Slower rate to conserve ammo (sustained rate) while still preventing effective return fire 3. Increase rate as the assault nears obj. 4. Lift and shift to targets of opportunity |
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When employing machine guns to support maneuver, what should be considered? |
-Each should be set in and assigned a primary and alt. sector of fire as well as primary and alt. position -Machine guns are suppressive fire wpns used to suppress known and suspected position; gunners cannot empty all ammo into one bunker because that is all they can identify at the time -Machine gun teams should not be all down at one time; M203 and mortar or indirect fire can be used to suppress while machine guns move -Leaders must account for the SDZ of the machine guns when planning and executing lift and shift -Once SBF line is masked by assault element, fires are shifted and lifted to prevent enemy withdrawal or reinforcement |
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When machine guns join maneuver or assault unit, what are their responsibilities? |
-They are assigned cover fire zone or sector; seldom do they accompany maneuver element. Only move with maneuver when the area or zone of action is too narrow to properly control guns -When moving, machine guns are fired from bipod, from the hip, or underarm position and target enemy automatic weapons -After destroying automatic weapons, gunner distributes fire over assigned zone or sector -Additional guns can be assigned by CO |
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How does a Support By Fire element occupy its position? |
1. WSL moves in to establish an RP just short of SB; Order of movement is WSL, Gun Team 2 (Gunner, AB, AG), Gun Team 1 (AG, Gunner, AB) and Gun Team 3 (AG, Gunner, AB) 2. WSL moves from RP with Gun 2 Gunner; gunner will take position in bipod mode 3. WSL brings forward Gun 2 AG and AB (AG moves to L of gun and emplaces tripod, AB drops off ammo at gun position and moves to pull flank or rear security) 4. WSL brings Gun 1 AC forward with tripod; WSL emplaces tripod 5. WSL brings Gunner 1 forward who emplaces gun; WSL gets behind gun to check sector 6. WSL directs Gun 1 AB to drop ammo at gun and assume rear security 7. Gun 3 is occupied same as gun 1. 8. Once Gun 1/3 are emplaced, Gun 2 emplaces tripod 9. WSL calls PL to notify that SBF is emplaced |
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How does SBF element withdraw from position? |
1. WSL shifts machine guns' sector of fire to cover obj. 2. After he has guns on obj, WSL breaks down gun positions one at a time. 3. After main body of plt moves off obj, gun teams move one at a time into the order of movement, with last gun breaking down as soon as plt is completely off obj. 4. Entire wpns sqd moves tactically to linkup with plt |
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What are the requirements for a suitable defensive machine gun position? |
The main requirement of a suitable machine gun position in the defense is its effectiveness in accomplishing specific missions. The position should be accessible and afford cover and concealment. Machine guns are positioned to protect the front, flanks, and rear of occupied portions of the defensive position, and to be mutually supporting. Attacking troops usually seek easily traveled ground that provides cover from fire. For each machine gun, the leader chooses three positions: primary, alternate, and supplementary. In choosing them, he ensures they cover his sector and have protection on their flanks. |
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How should a defensive machine gun element be employed? |
The leader positions each machine gun to cover the entire sector or to overlap sectors with the other machine guns. The engagement range may extend from over 1,000 meters where the enemy begins his assault to point blank range. Machine gun targets include enemy automatic weapons and command and control elements. |
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How should machine gun fire be distributed in defensive position? |
Width and depth of defensive position |
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How do medium machine guns assist in a defense? |
-Concentrate fire where they want to kill the enemy -Fire across the platoon front -Cover obstacles by direct fire -Tie in with adjacent units |
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How do MK19 and M2 assist with defense? |
-Provide sustained fire over most likely mounted enemy approach -Easily maneuvered should the need arise |
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What are some different methods used to control machine gun fires? |
-oral commands -Hand and arm signals -Prearranged signals -Personal contact -Range cards |
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What are the elements of a fire command? |
(1) Alert. Lets the gun crew know that they are about to engage a target (2) Direction. Lets the gun team know where to engage (3) Description. Lets the gun team know what they are engaging (4) Range. If not already set on predestined target, the gun team can adjust the T&E (5) Method of Fire. This element includes manipulation and rate of fire. Manipulation dictates the class of fire with respect to the weapon. It is announced as FIXED, TRAVERSE, SEARCH, or TRAVERSE AND SEARCH. Rate controls the volume of fire (Sustained, rapid, and cyclic). (6) Command to Open Fire. Initiates the firing of the weapon system |
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How should a fire command be given? |
WSL delivers them to gun team; gun team (AG/TL/Gunner) echo command |
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What is an essential element of Machine gun employment in order to preserve resources? |
Ammo planning |
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What should be given to machine gunners for movement? |
Starter belt with 50-70 rounds |
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What is the command and control in a gun team? |
Senior Ranger is the AG for C2; gunner is next in charge, then AB |
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How should T&E and tripod be carried? |
Together |
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What are the 5 Phases of truck movement? |
1. Staging plan 2. Loading plan 3. Ground movement plan 4. Unloading plan 5. Ground tactical plan |
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What are the parts of the truck staging plan? |
(1) Establish security of entrucking/ pickup point. (2) Employ markings/ recognition signals (day/ night). (3) Link up. (4) Conduct final friendly unit coordination with Convoy/ Truck Commander. (5) Disseminate information and any changes to subordinate leaders. |
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What should be included in loading plan for trucks? |
• Truck #, Key Leader, Key Weapon Systems, Additional Personnel, Communications. • Location of PL. • Location of PSG and Medic. • Location of WSL. • Location of communication (FO/ RTO). |
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What should be considered for ground movement plan for trucks? |
(1) Troops awake and alert pulling active security during movement. (2) Platoon Leader and vehicle commanders tracking route progress. (3) Compromise and contingency plan. (a) React to IED. (b) React to Ambush. (c) Vehicle breakdown. |
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What should be done in unloading plan for trucks? |
(1) Dismount vehicles (IAW SOP/ Reverse Load Plan). (2) Establish security of de trucking point. (3) PSG accounts for personnel and clears all vehicles for departure. (4) Establish security halt/ perimeter. (5) Adjust perimeter as vehicles depart area. |
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What are some points of strategic importance for urban area operations? |
• Use the defensive advantages of urban environment • Develop allegiance and support of populace • Adapt urban resources for operational or strategic purposes: infrastructure, capabilities, and other resources. • Draw the enemy in • Play on area’s symbolic importance • Use the area’s geographical advantages – Dominance of a region – Avenue of approach |
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What is full spectrum ops and how are they employed? |
Commanders conduct full spectrum operations abroad by executing offensive, defensive, and stability urban operations as part of a joint, interagency, and multinational effort. The situation will mandate that one type of operation—offense, defense, stability, or civil support—dominates the urban operation. Commanders will often find themselves executing offensive, defensive, stability, or civil support operations at the same time. In fact, waiting until all combat operations are concluded before beginning stability or civil support operations often results in lost, sometimes irretrievable, opportunities. The dominant type of operation will vary between different urban areas even in the same campaign |
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What are the four characteristics of offensive urban operations? |
• Surprise • Concentration • Tempo • Audacity |
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|
What characterizes urban ops organization? |
• Decisive • Shaping • Sustaining |
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When is movement to contact executed in urban environment? |
-In an urban area where the threat situation is vague -occurs as both sides try to establish their influence or control over a contested urban area |
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When is an attack used in urban operations? |
The attack is the most common and likely offensive operation that Army forces conduct in an urban environment. Commanders conducting major operations and commanders of large tactical units usually execute deliberate attacks. Hasty attacks normally occur at company level or bellow as units use their initiative to take advantage of tactical opportunities. |
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When is exploitation used in urban operations? |
Exploitation follows a successful attack to disrupt the threat in depth. The exploitation focuses on the urban area as well as on the remnants of the threat. A successful exploitation to seize an urban area works efficiently because the attack preempts the defense and denies the threat the full advantages of urban terrain. Commanders conducting exploitation must acknowledge the vulnerability of their forces to counterattack and ambush in urban areas. An urban area provides ideal cover and concealment to hide threat reserves, reinforcements, or reorganized forces. Constrictions of routes into and through the urban area make exploitation forces a potentially dense target and limit maneuver options. |
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When is a pursuit used in urban operations? |
The pursuit is designed to destroy threat forces attempting to escape. It focuses on the threat and not on urban areas. The agility of Army aviation forces for attack, reconnaissance, and transportation is essential to execute a successful pursuit around and through urban areas. Against a large conventional enemy in a major urban area with a large civil population present, offensive operations might require a greater commitment of Army resources than in other environments. |
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What is AATF? |
air assault task force |
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What is ABCDE? |
method of identification and response to life-threatening conditions:
Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure |
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What is ACL? |
allowable combat load |
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What is ACP? |
aerial checkpoint |
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What is ATC? |
air traffic controller |
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What is AMC? |
air mission commander |
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What is ANCD? |
automated net-control device |
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What is AOO? |
actions on the objective |
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What is ABF? |
attack by fire |
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What is ATL? |
Alpha Team Leader |
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What is ATM? |
Alpha Team |
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|
What is a bangladore torpedo? |
A manually emplaced, 1.5 meter long explosive-filled tube used to breach wire and detonate simple, pressure-activated antipersonnel mines. Ten tubes will clear a 1x15 meter lane. |
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|
What is belay? |
Any action taken to stop a climber's fall or to control the rate a load descends |
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|
What is BMNT? |
Begin morning nautical twilight |
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What is body belay? |
Belay that uses the belayer's body to apply friction by routing the rope around his body |
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What is a bow line on a coil? |
Knot used to secure a climber to the end of a climbing rope |
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|
What is a BP? |
Battle position |
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What is a Brithish junction knot? |
Knot used to join the ends of detonatiopn cords from multiple charges to one inititiation system |
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What is a BTC? |
Bridge team commander |
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What is BTL? |
Bravo Team Leader |
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What is BTM? |
Bravo Team |
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What is CCA? |
Close Combat Attack |
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What is CCIR? |
Commander's critical information requirements |
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What is CDS? |
Camp Darby Special (map) |
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What is COMSEC? |
Communications Security |
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|
What is a cordelette? |
Short section of static rope or static cord. Also called "Sling rope" |
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|
What does COTS mean? |
Commercial off the shelf |
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What is a CP? |
Command post |
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What is CQC? |
Close quarters combat |
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What is CS? |
Combat support |
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What is CTT? |
Common task test |
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What is DAR? |
Designated area of recovery |
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What is DOL? |
Direction of landing |
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|
What is a double Figure 8 knot? |
Knot used to form a fixed loop in the end of the rope; loops are large enough to insert a carabiner |
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|
What is a double overhand knot? |
Knot used to secure the end of a det cord |
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What is a DP? |
Duty position OR Decision point |
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What does DST stand for? |
Distance |
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What are dynamic ropes? |
One of two classifications of kernmantle rope; used for climbing |
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What is a DZ? |
Drop zone |
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What is an EA? |
Engagement area |
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|
What is EEFI? |
Essential elements of friendly information |
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What is an End-of-the-Rope Clove Hitch? |
Intermediate anchor knot that requires constant tension |
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|
What is an End-of-the-Rope Prusik? |
Knot used to attach a movable rope to a fixed rope |
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|
What does ENY stand for? |
Enemy |
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What is FDC? |
Fire Direction Center |
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|
What is FFIR? |
Friendly force information requirements |
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|
What is a Figure 8 slip knot? |
Knot used to form an adjustable bight in the middle of a rope |
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|
What is a FLIR? |
Forward looking infrared |
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|
What is a FLOT? |
Forward line of own troops |
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What is a FPF? |
Final protective fires |
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|
What is a FRAGO? |
Fragmentary order |
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|
What is a FSC? |
Fire support coordiantor |
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What does GRN stand for? |
Grenadier |
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What does HDG stand for? |
Heading |
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|
What does HE stand for? |
High explosive |
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|
What does H-hour stand for? |
Hit hour |
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|
What does HPT stand for? |
High payoff target |
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|
What does ICM stand for? |
Improved conventional munitions |
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|
What does IP stand for? |
Initial point |
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|
What does ERRP stand for? |
En route to release point |
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|
What does JAAT stand for? |
Joint air attack team |
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|
What does JD stand for? |
Julian date |
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|
What does LAW stand for? |
Light antiarmor weapon |
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|
What does LBV stand for? |
Load bearing vest |
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|
What does LD stand for? |
Line of departure |
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|
What does LDA stand for? |
Linear Danger Area |
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|
What does LOA stand for? |
Limit of Advance |
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|
What is LOGSTAT? |
Logistical status |
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|
What is an LP? |
Listening Post |
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|
What is material factor? |
Strength, hardness and mass of the material to be demolished |
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|
What is mb? |
Millibar (metric unit used to measure air pressure) |
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|
What is an MDI? |
Modernized demolition initiator |
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|
What is the ME? |
Main effort |
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What is the mechanical belay? |
A belay that uses mechanical devices to help the belayer control the rope, as in rappelling |
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What is METL? |
Mission essential task list |
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What is a Middle-of-the-Rope Clove Hitch? |
A knot that secures the middle of a rope to an anchor |
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What is a Middle-of-the-Rope Prusik? |
A knot that attaches a movable rope to a fixed rope, anywhere along the length of the fixed rope |
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What does MG stand for? |
machine gunner |
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What does MOPP stand for? |
Mission-oriented protective posture |
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What does MR stand for? |
Moonrise |
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What does MS stand for? |
Moonset |
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What does MSD stand for? |
Minimum safe distance |
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What does MSL stand for? |
mean sea level |
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What is a munter hitch? |
commonly used belay that requires little equipment |
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What does NFA stand for? |
No-fire area |
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What are NVD and NVS? |
Night vision device and Night vision system |
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What is an occlusive dressing? |
A dressing that seals a wound from air or bacteria |
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What does OD stand for? |
Olive drab |
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What does OOM stand for? |
Order of movement |
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What does OP stand for? |
Observation post |
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What does OPSKED stand for? |
Operational schedule |
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What does ORP stand for? |
Objective rally point |
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What does OT stand for? |
Observer-target |
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What does PB stand for? |
Patrol base |
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What does PCC stand for? |
Precombat checks |
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What does PCI stand for? |
Precombat inspections |
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What does PDF stand for? |
Principal direction of fire |
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What does PI stand for? |
probability of incapacitation |
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What does PIR stand for? |
Priority intelligence requirements |
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What does PLD stand for? |
probably line of deployment |
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What does POL stand for? |
Petroleum, oils and lubricants |
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What does PRI stand for? |
Primary |
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What is protection in mountaineering? |
A piece of equipment, natural or artificial, that is used to construct an anchor |
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What is PSI? |
Pounds per square inch |
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What is a PZ? |
Pickup zone |
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What does R refer to? |
Rifleman |
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What is R&S? |
Reconnaissance and Surveillance |
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What is RACO? |
Rear Area Combat Operations |
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What is a RAP? |
Rocket-assisted projectile |
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What is a rappel seat? |
Rope harness used in rappelling and climbing |
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What is RED? |
Risk-estimated distance |
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What is a rerouted figure 8 knot? |
Anchor knot that also attaches a climber to a climbing rope |
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What is an RFA? |
Restrictive Fire Area |
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What is a RFL? |
Restrtictive Fire Line |
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What is a round turn with two half hitches? |
A constant tension anchor knot |
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What does RP stand for? |
Release point |
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What does SAW stand for? |
Squad automatic weapon |
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What is SBF? |
Support by fire |
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What is an SDT? |
Self-development test |
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What is the SE? |
Supporting effort |
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What is SEAD? |
Suppression of enemy air defenses |
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What is a SITTEMP? |
Situational Template |
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What does SLLS stand for? |
Stop, Lok, Listen, Smello |
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What is SOC? |
Succession of command |
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What is SOI? |
Signal operating instructions |
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What is a square knot? |
Knot used to join two ropes of equal diameter; used to join the ends of the det to the explosive |
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What does SR stand for? |
Sunrise |
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What does SS stand for? |
Sunset |
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What does STANO stand for? |
Surveillance, Target Acquistion and Night Observation |
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What does SURVIVAL stand for? |
-Size up the situation, your surroundings, your physical condition, and your equipment. -Undue haste makes waste; don’t be too eager to move. Plan your moves. -Remember where you are in relation to important friendly and locations and critical resources -Vanquish fear and panic. -Improvise. You can improve your situation. Use what you have. Use your Imagination. -Value your life. Remember your goal: to get out alive. Remain stubborn. Refuse to give in to problems and obstacles that face you. This will give you the mental and physical strength to endure. -Act like the natives; watch their daily routines. When, where, and how do they get food? Where they get water? -Live by your wits. Learn basic skills. |
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What is suspension traverse? |
used to move personnel and equipment over rivers, ravines, chasms, and up or down a vertical obstacle |
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What is TAC? |
tactical air controller |
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What is a tensionless anchor? |
used to anchor rope on high-load installations such as bridging |
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What is TLP? |
troop-leading procedures |
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What is a TOC? |
tactical operations center |
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What is a triple roll knot? |
knot used to join branches of detonation cord |
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What is a TTP? |
tactics, techniques, and procedures |
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What is a uli knot? |
knot used to securely fasten detonation cord to explosive |
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What is a VIXL? |
video image crosslink |
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What does WBGT stand for? |
wet bulb globe temperature |
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What are WWFs? |
WFFs |
