Range Of Motion

Front 1

Range of Motion: Critical Criteria

Back 1

Critical Criteria-ROM
• Supports dependent joints
• Moves body parts smoothly, slowly, and
rhythmically
• Stops at point of pain, resistance, or fatigue
• Identifies and demonstrates exercises
appropriate for specific body joints
– flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction,
adduction, circumduction, opposition, internal rotation,
external rotation

Front 2

Define Range of Motion

Back 2

Complete extent of movement
of which the joint is normally capable

Front 3

• Active ROM (AROM)

Back 3

• Active
– Client performs independently.
– Improves/maintains strength,
cardiovascular, respiratory function

Front 4

• Active-assisted (AAROM)

Back 4

• Active-assisted
– PT or PTA provides minimal assist

keep them from cheating

Front 5

•Passive ROM (PROM)

Back 5

•Passive
– PT or PTA moves joint through ROM

Front 6

Joint Movements
•Flexion

Back 6

•Flexion
– Decreasing the angle of the joint

Front 7

Joint Movements
• Extension

Back 7

• Extension
– Increasing the angle of the joint

Front 8

Joint Movements
• Hyperextension

Back 8

• Hyperextension
– Further extension or straightening of a joint
– Not done on the neck for passive ROM

Front 9

Joint Movements
• Abduction

Back 9

• Abduction
– Movement of the bone away from the midline
of the body

Front 10

Joint Movements
• Adduction

Back 10

• Adduction
– Movement of the bone toward the midline of
the body

Front 11

Joint movements
• Rotation-Internal & External

Back 11

• Rotation-Internal & External
– Movement of the bone around its central axis

Front 12

Joint movements
• Circumduction

Back 12

• Circumduction
– Movement of the distal part of the bone in a circle
while the proximal end remains fixed

Front 13

Joint movements
•Eversion

Back 13

•Eversion
– Turning the sole of the foot outward by moving the
ankle joint

Front 14

Joint movements
• Inversion

Back 14

• Inversion
– Turning the sole of the foot inward by moving the
ankle joint

Front 15

Joint Movement
• Pronation

Back 15

• Pronation
– Moving the bones of the forearm so that the palm of
the hand faces downward when held in front of the
body

Front 16

Joint Movement
• Supination

Back 16

• Supination
– Moving the bones of the forearm so that the palm of
the hand faces downward when held in front of the
body

Front 17

Joint Movement
• Opposition

Back 17

• Opposition
– Thumb movement to touch other fingers only

Front 18

Patient Limitations

Back 18

Patient Limitations
• Joint mobility
• Swelling, tenderness at joint, redness
• Deformities
• Pain
• Muscle atrophy, contractures
• Asymmetrical movement

Front 19

hypermobility

Back 19

increase in PROM on the joint

Front 20

hypomobility

Back 20

decrease in PROM on the joint

Front 21

concave joint surface

Back 21

gliding in the direction of joint motion

Front 22

convex joint surface

Back 22

gliding in the opposite direction of joint motion

Front 23

capsular pattern of motion restriction

Back 23

pattern of motion loss caused by shortening of the joint capsule surrounding a joint

Front 24

noncapsular pattern of motion restriction

Back 24

pattern of motion loss that does not follow the capsular pattern

Front 25

contracture

Back 25

soft tissue shortening

Front 26

edema

Back 26

swelling

Front 27

adhesion

Back 27

caused by scarring and nonuse

Front 28

mechanical block

Back 28

includes one or more cartilage fragments or tears in intraarticular discs or menisci

Front 29

spinal disk herniation

Back 29

limitation can be due to pain or nerve root compression

Front 30

goniometer, inclinometers, electromagnometers

Back 30

measures angles between body segments

Front 31

tape measure

Back 31

measure length or girth of body segments

Front 32

adverse neutral tension

Back 32

abnormal response to stretch or ROM from peripheral nervous system or spinal cord

Front 33

end feel

Back 33

when a limit of motion is reached, quality of restriction felt by PT/PTA

Front 34

bony end feel

Back 34

bone on bone....end feel is hard...

ex. elbow extension

Front 35

soft end feel

Back 35

further motion is limited by soft tissue

ex. elbow and knee flexion

Front 36

firm end feel

Back 36

capsular end feel

ex. shoulder external rotation, knee

Front 37

empty end feel

Back 37

when motion is limited by pain with no tissue limitation

empty is abnormal

Front 38

when to perform PROM

Back 38

paralysis, weakness, pain, increased muscle tone, when patient lacks safe control of movement

Front 39

RROM

Back 39

Resistive range of motion

manual or mechanical

ex. of uses: thera band, weights, PTA manual

contraindication: inflammation or pain

Front 40

spasitity

Back 40

velocity dependent or resistant to stretch

Front 41

rigidity

Back 41

abnormally high tone... muscles are stiff to stretch

Front 42

hypotonicity

Back 42

low tone or decreased resistance to stretch

Front 43

hypertonicity

Back 43

high tone or increased resistance

Front 44

clonus

Back 44

multiple rhythmic oscillations in the muscle...like a clone there are multiple