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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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On imagin pilocystic astrocytomas appear?
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as a mass most commonly in the cerebellum of both solid and cytic areas
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medullo ‘cerebellar solid’ blastomas are located where?
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most commonly in the vermis but always SOLID and CEREBELLAR…
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microscopically medulloblastomas look like what?
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solid sheets of small blue cells with hyperchromic nuclei
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what is the clinical presentation of Medullo’cerebellar solid’ blastoma?
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H/A with cerebellar dysfunction
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Microscopic exam of temporal/giant-cell arteritis?
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…granulomas seen in the MEDIA with mononuclear infiltrate and multinuclear giant cells…
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presentation of tempral arteriatis?
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…craniofacial pain, polymalgia rheumatica,
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ACTH secreted by small cell cancers of the lung is what by DST?
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…not inhibited…
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the most common clinical manifestations of Vitamin E are?
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…Neuromuscular disease (loss of proprioception included) and hemolytic anemia
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Hemolytic anemia is associated with what vitamin deficiency?
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…Vitamin E…
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Define Type A gastritis from Type B gastritis?
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…type A gastritis occurs not in the A but in the body and fundus and is the cause of megaloblastic anemia, Type B gastritis occurs in the antrum of the stomach and is caused by Helicobacter pylori…
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Desvribe the ulcerations seen in fucking Crohns?
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Long linear ulcerations with spared intervening mucosa referred to as skip lesions
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The granulomas of crohns resemble the granulomas of what other disease?
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…sarcoid…
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what causes the string sign seen in Crohns disease?
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…the transmural inflammation of the intestinal wall leads to strictures causing symptoms of obstruction…
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…the transmural inflammation of the intestinal wall leads to strictures causing symptoms of obstruction…
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what causes the string sign seen in Crohns disease?
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Are granulomas found in ulcerative colitis?
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…no…
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what happens in acute pancreatitis?
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duct obstruction leads to stasis and subsequent digestion of fat cells in the pancreas, this results in fatty acids binding calcium forming soaps these complexes can compromise bllod flow to the acini of the pancrease leading to intracellular activation of trypsin which activates other proteins and the pathway of autodigestion begins
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Macroscopically papillary thyroid carcinoma consists of?
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…branching papillae with a fibrovascular stalk lined by single or multiple laers of cuboidal epithelium with a GROUND GLASS APPEARANCE, PSAMOMMA bodies are also present…
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GROUND GLASS APPEARANCE, PSAMOMMA
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Macroscopically papillary thyroid carcinoma consists of?
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GROUND GLASS APPEARANCE, PSAMOMMA
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Macroscopically papillary thyroid carcinoma consists of?
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what thyroid cancer has PSammoma bodies?
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…the ground glass P(the P stands for psamomma) TC…
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Medullary thyroid carcinoma is derived from what?
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…the calcitonin C-cells and 20 percent of these cancers are associated with either MEN2A or MEN2B…
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characteristically MTC consists of?
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uniform polygonal spindle cells that stain positive for calcitonin
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characteristically MTC consists of?
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uniform polygonal spindle cells that stain positive for calcitonin
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Occlusion of the PICA leads to what?
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…lateral medullary Wallenberg syndrome…
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Occlusion of the PICA leads to what?
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contralateral Loss of pain and temperature with ipsilateral loss of 5, 8 9-11 and horners…
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Occlusion of the PICA leads to what?
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contralateral Loss of pain and temperature with ipsilateral loss of 5, 8 9-11 and horners…
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A wound with fruity odor is most likely infected with?
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pseudomonas…
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Due to rupture of saccular/berry aneurysm or AVM?
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subarachnoid hemorrhage…
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subarachnoid hemorrhage… is due to
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Due to rupture of saccular/berry aneurysm or AVM?
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subarachnoid hemorrhage… is due to
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Due to rupture of saccular/berry aneurysm or AVM?
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Name the to afterglows of a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
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…Vasospasm not seen on CT and a rebleed seen on CT…
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How is the vasospasm associated with a subarachnoid hemorrhage treated?
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…via the CCB nimodipine…
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what are the characteristic findings of whipple disease under LM?
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…distended PAS positive macrophages in the Lamina Propria as well as rod shaped bacilli and diastase resistant granules…
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symptoms of malabsorption, progressive ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosum?
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abeta lipopreteinemia where the intestines cant properly absorb and transport lipids from the intestine…
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symptoms of malabsorption, progressive ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosum?
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abeta lipopreteinemia where the intestines cant properly absorb and transport lipids from the intestine…
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symptoms of malabsorption, progressive ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosum?
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abeta lipopreteinemia where the intestines cant properly absorb and transport lipids from the intestine…
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Dermatitis herpetiformis is associated with what type of Abs?
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…anti gliadin that cross react with reticulin a protein that anchors fibrils to the basement membrane…
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flank pain hypotension and a pulsitle mass?
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…triple A…
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pansystolic murmur at the apex radiating into the axilla?
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…mitral regurge…
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G6PD genetics?
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X-linked (while pyruvate kinase deficiency is genetic)…
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the most diagnostic finding in klineffffffffffelters is what?
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…increased estradiol and FSH..
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what do the testes of klineFFFFelters show?
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fibrosis of the seminiferous tubules and hyperplasia of the Leydig cells…
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Los of the seminiferous tubules in klinefelters leads to what?
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loss of inhibin secretion by the sertoli cells which leads to increased aromatase in the leydig cells converting testosterone to fucking estradiol
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Dysplasia is what?
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…atypical hyperplasia…
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what is a choristoma?
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…a heterotopic rest…
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Mixed tumors have neoplastic cells with two different morphologic patterns that derive from the same germ cell layer they are most commonly found where?
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salivary glands particularly the parotid gland and are referred to as PLEMORPHIC ADENOMAS…
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salivary glands particularly the parotid gland and are referred to as PLEMORPHIC ADENOMAS…
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Mixed tumors have neoplastic cells with two different morphologic patterns that derive from the same germ cell layer they are most commonly found where?
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what happens to the RDW in Iron deficiency?
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…it increases
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Of the microcytic anemias the only one that is likely to show an abnormal electrophoresis is what?
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…Beta thalasemias where there is a decrease in Hemoglobin A (a2b2) and a corresponding increase in hemoglobin A2 (a2d2) and Hemoglobin F (a2y2)
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Of the microcytic anemias the only one that is likely to show an abnormal electrophoresis is what?
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…Beta thalasemias where there is a decrease in Hemoglobin A (a2b2) and a corresponding increase in hemoglobin A2 (a2d2) and Hemoglobin F (a2y2)
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What is hemoglobin A2?
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…a2d2… increased in beta thal
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What is hemoglobin F?
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…a2y2… increased along with HbA in beta thal
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what would the RDW be in beta thal?
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…normal with increased HbA2 and HbF on electrophoresis…
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Systolic click followed by a murmur in someone with ehlers danlos?
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…Mitral valve prolapse…
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Systolic click followed by a murmur in someone with ehlers danlos?…
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…Mitral valve prolapse…
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…Mitral valve prolapse…
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Systolic click followed by a murmur in someone with ehlers danlos?…
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Mitral valve prolapse sounds like what?
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systolic click FOLLOWED BY A murmur
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rupture of what is associated with ehlers danlos?
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the colon it is also associated with aortic dissection hypermobility of joints
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rupture of what is associated with ehlers danlos?
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the colon it is also associated with aortic dissection hypermobility of joints
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Is hyperelastic skin a feature of MArFANs?
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…NOOOOOOOOOO….
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Defect in what type of collagen is osteogenesis imperfectAD?
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synthesis in type I collagen…
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Mallory bodies seen in alcoholic hepatitis are what?
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pink staining keratin intermediate filaments in hepatocytes…
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pink staining keratin intermediate filaments in hepatocytes…
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Mallory bodies seen in alcoholic hepatitis are what?
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from the lip and above?
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the cratereform central depression of keratin basal cell carcinoma…
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Glycerol-3-phosphate synthesis is increased in who?
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boozers and this is due to an increase in NADH causing DHAP to be converted into Glycerol which is then used as the substrate for triglyceride synthesis…
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when triglycerides are synthesized in the liver they are packed into VLDLs with the aid of what?
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apolipoprotein B100…
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when triglycerides are synthesized in the liver they are packed into VLDLs with the aid of what?
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apolipoprotein B100…
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when triglycerides are synthesized in the liver they are packed into VLDLs with the aid of what?
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apolipoprotein B100…
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High pitched diastolic blow murmur occurring immediately after S2?
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aortic regurge (often seen in thoracic Aortic aneurysms)…
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High pitched diastolic blow murmur occurring immediately after S2?
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aortic regurge (often seen in thoracic Aortic aneurysms)…
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aortic regurge (often seen in thoracic Aortic aneurysms)…
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High pitched diastolic blow murmur occurring immediately after S2?
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aortic regurge (often seen in thoracic Aortic aneurysms)…
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High pitched diastolic blow murmur occurring immediately after S2?
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pansytolic murmur that increases on inspiration?
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tricuspid regurg if acute staph A in an IVDU…
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pansytolic murmur that increases on inspiration?
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tricuspid regurg if acute staph A in an IVDU…
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serum associated amyloid is made in the liver as an acute phase reactant and can be converted into what?
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…AA amyloid which can deposit in multiple organs including the kidneys the heart, liver and spleen) and this type of amyloidosis is called secondary reactive…
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serum associated amyloid is made in the liver as an acute phase reactant and can be converted into what?
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…AA amyloid which can deposit in multiple organs including the kidneys the heart, liver and spleen) and this type of amyloidosis is called secondary reactive…
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APP is a gene product of what?
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csome 21 and is converted into AB amyloid which is toxic to neurons in the CNS…
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Transerythrin is associated with what?
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amyloid deposits in the heart it binds to thyroxine and retinoic acid and is converted to amyloid, deposited in the cardiac tissues (senile amyloidosis) causing restrictive cardiomyopathy arrhythmias and heart failure…
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excessive loss of body weigh leads to what?
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decrease in secretion of GnRH and a corresponding decrease in the concentration of gonadotrophs)…
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excessive loss of body weigh leads to what?
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decrease in secretion of GnRH and a corresponding decrease in the concentration of gonadotrophs)…
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howell jolly bodies are what?
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..remnants of nuclear material and indicate splenic dysfunction…
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most likely cause of osteomyelitis in someone with Sickle?
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…Salmonella PARATYPHI
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genetics of marfans?
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…autosomal dominant…
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Prominent U waves can be caused by what med?
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…loop diuretic or anything else that causes hypokalemia…
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most common site of origin of SCC caused by smoking?
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…larynx…
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