Random, Multisystem

Front 1

drugs that cause hemolysis in pts with G6PD deficiency

Back 1

sulfonamides, INH, ASA, ibruprofen, primaquine

Front 2

drugs that cause pulmonar fibrosis

Back 2

bleomycin
aminodarone
busulfan

Front 3

causes acute cholestatic hepatitis

Back 3

macrolides (erythromycin, etc)

Front 4

drugs that cause gynecomastia

Back 4

Some Drugs Create AwEsome Knockers
spironolactone, digitalis, cimetidine, [chronic] alcohol, estrogens, ketoconazole

Front 5

photosensitivity

Back 5

sulfonamides, amiodarone, tetracycline

"SAT for a photo"

Front 6

SLE like syndrome

Back 6

Hydralazine, INH, Procainamide, Phenytoin

"it's not HIPP to have lupus"

Front 7

SEs of fluroquinolones in kids

Back 7

tendonitis, tendon rupture, and cartilage damage

Front 8

P-450 inducers

Back 8

quinidine, barbiturates, phenytoin, rifampin, griseofulvin, carbamazepine

"Queen Barb takes Phen-phen and Refuses Greasy Carbs"

Front 9

P-450 inhibitors

Back 9

isoniazid, sulfonamides, cimetidine, ketoconazole, erythromycin, grapefruit juice, st. john's wort

"Inhibitors Stop Cyber-Kids from Eating GrapefruitS"

Front 10

volume of distribution

Back 10

amt of drug in body to plasma concentration
Vd of plasma protein bound drugs can be altered by liver and kidney disease
Vd = amt of drug in body / plasma drug [ ]

Front 11

dosages

Back 11

loading dose remains the same in pts with impaired renal or hepatic fxn
but maintenance dose is [because it depends on clearance rate]

Front 12

cholinesterase inhibitor effects

Back 12

DUMBBELSS

diarrhea, urination, miosis, bronchospasm, bradycardia, excitiation of skeletal muscle/CNS, lacrimation, sweating, salivation

(also abdominal cramping)

**antidote = atropine + pralidoxime [regenerates AChE]

Front 13

embryo is most susceptible to teratogens during this period

Back 13

weeks 3-8 [organogenesis and neural tube is formed]

Front 14

rule of 2s for 2nd week of gestation

Back 14

2 germ layers [bilaminar disk]
->epiblast and hypoblast
2 cavities: aminotic cavity and yolk sac
2 components to placenta: cytotrophoblast, syncytiotrophoblast

Front 15

blood in umbilical vein (from placenta) is ____% saturated with O2

Back 15

80%

umbilical vein -> portal vein -> ductus venosus-> IVC-> RA-> foramen ovale -> aorta -> head

Front 16

1st aortic arch

Back 16

part of maxillary artery

Front 17

2nd aortic arch

Back 17

stapedial artery and hyoid artery

Front 18

3rd aortic arch

Back 18

common carotid and proximal internal carotid

Front 19

4th aortic arch

Back 19

on left: aortic arch
on right: proximal R subclavian artery

(4th arch = 4 limbs = systemic)

Front 20

6th aortic arch

Back 20

proximal pulmonary arteries and (on left only) ductus arteriosus

Front 21

branchial apparatus

Back 21

Clefts = ectoderm
Arches = mesoderm
Pouches = endoderm

(clefts are also called grooves)

Front 22

branchial arch 1

Back 22

M's
mandible, malleus, incus, sphenomandibular ligament, muscles of mastication, mylohoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensors, anterior 2/3 of tongue

**CN V2 and V3

Front 23

branchial arch 2

Back 23

S's
stapes, styloid, lessor horn of hyoid, stylohyoid ligament, muscles of facial espression, stapedius, posterior belly of digastric

**CN VII

Front 24

branchial arch 3

Back 24

greater horn of hyoid
stylopharyngeus

**CN IX [glossopharyngeal]

Front 25

branchial arch 4-6

Back 25

thyroid, cricoid, aretenyoid, etc
muscles of 4th: most pharyngeal constrictor muscles, cricothyroid, levator veli palatini
muscles of 6th: all intrinsic mucles of larynx except cricothyroid

4th: CN X (superior laryngeal)
6th: CN X (recurrent laryngeal)

*arch 3 and 4 = posterior 1/3 of tongue

Front 26

branchial cleft derivatives

Back 26

1st cleft: external auditory meatus

2nd-4th: temporary cervical sinuses [persistant can lead to branchial cyst in neck]

Front 27

ear development

Back 27

maleus/incus = 1st arch
stapes = 2nd arch
tensor tympani = 1st (V3)
stapedius musc = 2nd (VII)

Front 28

3rd and 4th pouches

Back 28

thymus and parathyroids

abberent development = DiGeorge syndrome

Front 29

cleft lip

Back 29

failure of fusion of the maxillary and medial nasal processes

Front 30

cleft palate

Back 30

failure of fusion of the lateral palatine proceses, nasal septum and medial palatine process

Front 31

pancreas is derived from _____

Back 31

foregut
ventral pancreatic bud = head and main pancreatic duct
dorsal bud = everything else

Front 32

spleen arises from _____

Back 32

dorsal mesentery, but is supplied by artery from foregut

Front 33

mesonephric [wolffian] duct

Back 33

seminal vesicles, epididymis, ejeculatory duct, ductus deferens [SEED]

*high androgen levels cause development of mesonephric ducts

Front 34

paramesonephric [mullerian] duct

Back 34

fallopian tubes, uterus, part of vagina

mullerian inhibiting substances secreted by testes

Front 35

arsenic poisoning

Back 35

vomiting, rice water stools, hypotension, and garlic-breath

antidote = succimer or dimercaperol
SEs of antidote = HTN, nausea, vomiting, headache

**succimer is more toxic than dimercaperol

Front 36

falciform ligament is a remnant of

Back 36

embryologic umbilical vein

(divides L and R lobes of liver)

Front 37

neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Back 37

ass'd with antipsychotics and amoxapine (TCA)

sx: hyperpyrexia, muscle rigidity, altered mental status, evidence of autonomic instability [tachycardia, diaphoresis, irregular pulse/bp, arrhythmias]

Front 38

volume for 1/2 life

Back 38

t 1/2 = (0.693 x Vd)/ CL

Front 39

drug used to increase appetite in chemo patients

Back 39

megestrol acetate

Front 40

treatment of hemorrhagic cystitis due to cyclophosphamide/ifosfamide (nitrogen mustardes)

Back 40

mesna (reacts with toxic metabolites)

Front 41

equation for steady state

Back 41

Css = dosing rate/ CL

Front 42

omental bursa and greater omentum are derived from

Back 42

dorsal mesogastrum [in the mesentary of the stomach region]

Front 43

adrenal medulla is derived from

Back 43

neural crest cells

Front 44

adrenal cortex is derived from

Back 44

mesoderm

Front 45

notochord gives rise to

Back 45

(is from the primitive streak)

and gives rise to nuclei pulposus of intervertebral disks

Front 46

which placental component is derived from mom?

Back 46

lacunar network

fetus produces syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast {together = the chorion}

Front 47

ammonium chloride does this to urine

Back 47

acidifies

(used to hasten excretion of such drugs as amphetamines)

Front 48

efficacy of a drug

Back 48

maximum effect produced by a drug, regardless of dose

Front 49

potency of a drug

Back 49

dose or [ ] required to produce 50% of the drug's maximal effect

Front 50

maintenance dose equation

Back 50

MD = CL x Cpss / F

F = bioavailability, Cpss = plasma [ ] at SS

*for IV admin, F = 1 (100%)

Front 51

Rb mutation (chromosome 13q14)

Back 51

at risk for retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma


(also seen in some cases of breast, lung, prostate, and bladder cancer)

Front 52

an hour after endurance exercise training, _____ will be increased

Back 52

VEGF (targets vascular endothelial cells)

improves oxygen transport to tissues

Front 53

wound contraction causing a scar is due to this cell type

Back 53

myofibroblasts

express actin and myosin like sm muscle cells

Front 54

oncogene associated with small cell lung carcinoma

Back 54

L-myc

Front 55

the parotid gland is transversed by the _________ nerve

Back 55

facial

Front 56

elastic fibers found in 3 main areas

Back 56

large arteries (esp aorta)
vocal cords
ligamental flava [connect the vertebrae]

Front 57

Peutz-Jegher's syndrome

Back 57

widespread 'freckles'
hamartomatous colonic polyps
->but will NOT progress to colon cancer
increased risk of carcinomas of pancreas, breast, ovary, uterus and lung

Front 58

compensatory hypertrophy of the bladder smooth muscle develops in response to ______

Back 58

BPH (b/c there is a chronic impediment to urine outflow)

Front 59

Sturge-Webber syndrome

Back 59

port wine stain lesion [telangiectasia that occurs on the head and grows w/the body]
may be ass'd with angiomatous masses in the leptomeninges
also see MR, seizures, hemiplegia

Front 60

common muscles affected by diabetic neuropathy

Back 60

foot lumbricals and interossei

Front 61

pathophysiology of cancer cachexia

Back 61

TNF-a, IFN-gamma and IL-1 are involved
increase catabolism of proteins and fat

Front 62

Leigh disease

Back 62

subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy
VERY RARE
involves defects of mt DNA rather than chromosomal DNA

defective enzyme = cytochrome oxidase (ETC)

sx: progressive intellectual deterioration, weakness, ataxia, and seizures

Front 63

SVC syndrome

Back 63

obstruction of venous return from head, neck, and upper extremities
85% of cases of SVC are related to malignancy, usually SCLC and squamous cell lung CA

Front 64

most frequent paraneoplastic syndrome associated with squamous cell lung CA

Back 64

hypercalcemia

Front 65

dislocated shoulder joint

Back 65

loss of normal contour of the shoulder
abnormal appearing depression below the acromonion

Front 66

mucopolysaccharidoses that do not cause MR

Back 66

Morquio syndrome
Scheie syndrome

Front 67

Boerhaave's syndrome

Back 67

lower esophageal rupture
follows excessive straining and vomiting
gastric contents enter pleural space, has high mortality rate
pain in chest, upper abdomen, can radiate to back, left chest or left shoulder

Front 68

_____ causes AST elevation w/out elevation of ALT or other liver enzymes

Back 68

myocardial infarction

Front 69

Baker cyst

Back 69

enlarged semimembranous bursa
more commonly seen at extremes of age
benign, due to accumulation of fluid

Front 70

tumor suppressor genes on long arm of chromosome 18

Back 70

DPC (pancreatic)

DCC (colon)

Front 71

_____ is used to evaluate the mutagenicity of a compount

Back 71

the Ames test