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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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AgRP |
-Agouti-Related Protein (An increase in secretion Increases Hunger.) -Location: Acruate Nucleus of the Hypothalamus -Decreased by Leptin-->Decreased hunger |
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NPY |
-Neuropeptide Y (An increase in secretion Increases hunger) -Location: Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus -Decreased by Leptin--> Decreased hunger |
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Leptin |
The "Satiety Hormone" LONG TERM Satiety Secretion INCREASES as stored fat INCREASES |
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Gherlin |
-The Hunger Stimulating peptide hormone -Stimulates hunger via effect in arcuate nucleus -Located in the stomach |
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MSH |
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (Decreases Hunger) Increased by Leptin--> Decreased hunger |
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Endorphins, NE |
Promotes Overeating |
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Serotonin |
Supresses Overeating |
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Adipokines |
Hormones regulating Hunger, Metabolism, and Insulin Sensitivity |
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Stomach/Small Intestine |
Short Term Regulation of Hunger (Meal to Meal basis) |
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CCK |
Promotes SHORT TERM Satiety Located in the small intestine |
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PYY |
-Hormone that reduces appetite (up to 12 hrs) -Responds to caloric content of food |
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Metabolic Rate |
Amount of Oxygen consumed by the body per minute |
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PPARγ |
Peroxisome Proliferation Activation Receptor (Gamma) |
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Adipostat |
-A hypothesis that keeps the level of body fat within a narrow range despite drastic changes in caloric intake or physical activity -Negative Feedback -Makes it difficult to lose body weight |
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Adipokine Examples |
-Leptin -Adiponectin -Resistin -Retinol Binding Protein-4 -TNFα |
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Adiponectin |
An Adipokine Hormone that: INCREASING Sensitization of Insulin ANTI-Diabetic Effect |
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Obesity in Adults |
Involves size increase of adipocyte cells ONLY |
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Obesity in Children |
Involves BOTH and Increase in size AND an increase in # of Adipocyte cells |
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BMI Formula |
W/h^2 W=Weight in kg h= Height in meters BMI of 19-25=healthy BMI >30= obese |
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Insulin |
Decreases NPY--> Decreases Hunger |
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Absorptive State |
Absorption of Energy WITHIN 4hr period after eating INCREASE in Insulin secretion |
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Post Absorptive State |
-Fasting State at least 4 hours AFTER the meal -INCREASE in Glucagon secretion |
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Balance between Anabolism and Catabolism |
-The rate of deposit and withdrawal of energy substrates -The interconversion of energy substrates -Are BOTH regulated by HORMONES. ***Antagonistic effects of insulin, glucagon, GH, T3, cortisol, and Epi balance anabolism and catabolism*** |
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Glycogenesis |
The formation of glycogen from monosaccharides -Occurs in ABSORPTIVE State |
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Lipogenesis |
The formation of lipids from glycerol and fatty acids -Occurs in ABSORPTIVE State |
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Glycogenolysis |
-The CONVERSION of Glycogen to Glucose -Occurs in the Liver and Muscle -Occurs in POST-Absorptive State |
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Lipolysis |
-Degradation of lipids to Glycerol and Fatty Acids -Occurs in POST-Absorptive State |
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Proteolysis |
-The degradation of Proteins into Amino Acids -Occurs in POST-Absorptive State |
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"genesis" |
Formation |
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"genolysis/olysis" |
Degradation (breaking down) |
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Islets of Langerhans |
Regions of the Pancreas containing endocrine cells Regulate energy |
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Endrocrine Cells |
Hormone Producing Cells |
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Endocrine system |
Glands that produce hormones--> Regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood |
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Endrocrine systems MAJOR Glands/Organs |
Organ: Pancreas Glads: Adrenal Gland, Thyroid Gland, Pituitary Gland, Adrenal Glands, Pineal Glands |
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Somatostatin |
Hormone that inhibits gastric secretion and somatotropin release. Secreted by the Pancreas Delta Cell in Islet of Langerhans |
