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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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and |
Coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) Independent Clause + Comma + FANBOYS + Independent Clause.
Example: People enjoy eating animal products, and most Americans are not vegetarian. |
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for |
Coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) Independent Clause + Comma + FANBOYS + Independent Clause.
Example: Many Americans believe in animal welfare, for we love our pets and want them treated kindly. (In the example think of the word "for" having the same meaning as because.) *Note: this one can also be a preposition - example: for the people. |
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nor |
Coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) Independent Clause + Comma + FANBOYS + Independent Clause.
Example: Americans do not condone animal abuse, nor do we accept poor living conditions for animals. |
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but |
Coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) Independent Clause + Comma + FANBOYS + Independent Clause.
Example: My sister was a vegetarian, but she began eating meat again when she got pregnant. |
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or |
Coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) Independent Clause + Comma + FANBOYS + Independent Clause.
Would you want owning a pet to be outlawed, or would you favor laws that made animals equal to humans? |
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yet |
Coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) Independent Clause + Comma + FANBOYS + Independent Clause.
Example: Most Americans are appalled by seeing an animal slaughtered, yet we continue to eat meat daily. |
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so |
Coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) Independent Clause + Comma + FANBOYS + Independent Clause.
Example: Many people are appalled by the living conditions of animals we eat, so we should vote for laws that change these conditions. |
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accordingly |
Adverbial conjunction Independent Clause + Semicolon + Adv. Conj. + Comma + Independent Clause.
Example: Animals are not equal to humans; accordingly, they do not deserve the same rights.
*Also known as conjunctive adverbs. |
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similarly |
Adverbial conjunction Independent Clause + Semicolon + Adv. Conj. + Comma + Independent Clause.
Example: People form family bonds; similarly, whales have family bonds that extend for their lifetimes.
*Also known as conjunctive adverbs. |
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however |
Adverbial conjunction Independent Clause + Semicolon + Adv. Conj. + Comma + Independent Clause.
Example: Many people are against animal cruelty; however, most people still eat meat.
*Also known as conjunctive adverbs. |
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consequently |
Adverbial conjunction Independent Clause + Semicolon + Adv. Conj. + Comma + Independent Clause.
Example: Modern consumers have become more aware of factory farming practices; consequently, more people buy cage free chicken products.
*Also known as conjunctive adverbs. |
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thus |
Adverbial conjunction Independent Clause + Semicolon + Adv. Conj. + Comma + Independent Clause.
Example: I want the healthiest food product possible; thus, I buy butter from grass feed cows.
*Also known as conjunctive adverbs. |
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otherwise
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Adverbial conjunction Independent Clause + Semicolon + Adv. Conj. + Comma + Independent Clause.
Example: Animals should be treated well; otherwise, our society would seem cruel and backward.
*Also known as conjunctive adverbs. |
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furthermore |
Adverbial conjunction Independent Clause + Semicolon + Adv. Conj. + Comma + Independent Clause.
Example: Animals with advanced brain development should not be used for our entertainment; furthermore, places like Sea World should be prohibited from keeping orcas.
*Also known as conjunctive adverbs. |
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nevertheless |
Adverbial conjunction Independent Clause + Semicolon + Adv. Conj. + Comma + Independent Clause.
Example: People love their pets like family; nevertheless, they do keep them like prisoners and separate them from their natural families.
*Also known as conjunctive adverbs. |
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instead |
Adverbial conjunction Independent Clause + Semicolon + Adv. Conj. + Comma + Independent Clause.
Example: People do not think about cruelty to animals when they visit Sea World; instead, they should consider how it would feel to be a whale locked in a small area.
*Also known as conjunctive adverbs. |
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finally |
Adverbial conjunction Independent Clause + Semicolon + Adv. Conj. + Comma + Independent Clause.
Example: People have been reluctant to consider how much an animal is like a human; finally, some activists have made people aware.
*Also known as conjunctive adverbs. |
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undoubtedly |
Adverbial conjunction Independent Clause + Semicolon + Adv. Conj. + Comma + Independent Clause.
Example: The film Blackfish made people aware of whales in captivity; undoubtedly, many people will stop going to such amusement parks.
*Also known as conjunctive adverbs. |
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moreover |
Adverbial conjunction Independent Clause + Semicolon + Adv. Conj. + Comma + Independent Clause.
Example: It is ridiculous for animals to have lawyers; moreover, an article like "Fido goes to Court" shows the problems that will result if we treat animals as if they are human.
*Also known as conjunctive adverbs. |
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therefore |
Adverbial conjunction Independent Clause + Semicolon + Adv. Conj. + Comma + Independent Clause.
Example: I believe in treating animals humanely; therefore, I have stopped eating meat.
*Also known as conjunctive adverbs. |
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likewise |
Adverbial conjunction Independent Clause + Semicolon + Adv. Conj. + Comma + Independent Clause.
Example: My family owns a dog; likewise, many Americans own pets.
*Also known as conjunctive adverbs. |
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meanwhile |
Adverbial conjunction Independent Clause + Semicolon + Adv. Conj. + Comma + Independent Clause.
Example: Animal rights activists are bombing labs that do research on animals; meanwhile, women and children get abused daily, and most people don't even think about that.
*Also known as conjunctive adverbs. |
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hence |
Adverbial conjunction Independent Clause + Semicolon + Adv. Conj. + Comma + Independent Clause.
Example: People should get better treatment before animals do; hence, I volunteer at an abused women's shelter.
*Also known as conjunctive adverbs. |
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after |
Subordinating conjunction These create a DEPENDENT CLAUSE, and MUST be connected to an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE. (*They leave you hanging.) Dependent clause + Comma + Independent clause. OR Independent clause + Dependent clause (no comma).
Example: After all women and children are safe from abuse, I will begin to think about animal rights. OR I will begin to think about animal rights after all women and children are safe from abuse.
*After can also be a preposition. Example: After school. |
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although |
Subordinating conjunction These create a DEPENDENT CLAUSE, and MUST be connected to an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE. (*They leave you hanging.) Dependent clause + Comma + Independent clause. OR Independent clause + Dependent clause (no comma).
Example: Although I love my dog, I do not treat him exactly like a human. OR I love my dog although I do not treat him exactly like a human.
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as |
Subordinating conjunction These create a DEPENDENT CLAUSE, and MUST be connected to an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE. (*They leave you hanging.) Dependent clause + Comma + Independent clause. OR Independent clause + Dependent clause (no comma).
Example: As I learn more about animal rights, I am concerned that activists take it too far. OR I am concerned that animal rights activists take things too far as I learn about animal rights. |
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as much as |
Subordinating conjunction These create a DEPENDENT CLAUSE, and MUST be connected to an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE. (*They leave you hanging.) Dependent clause + Comma + Independent clause. OR Independent clause + Dependent clause (no comma).
Example: As much as I love my dog, he does not need a lawyer.
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as soon as |
Subordinating conjunction These create a DEPENDENT CLAUSE, and MUST be connected to an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE. (*They leave you hanging.) Dependent clause + Comma + Independent clause. OR Independent clause + Dependent clause (no comma).
Example: As soon as all humans have equal rights, I will begin to consider animal rights. OR I will begin to consider animal rights as soon as all humans have equal rights. |
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because |
Subordinating conjunction These create a DEPENDENT CLAUSE, and MUST be connected to an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE. (*They leave you hanging.) Dependent clause + Comma + Independent clause. OR Independent clause + Dependent clause (no comma). Example: Because I saw the documentary Blackfish, I am now concerned about the topic of animal rights. OR I am concerned about the topic of animal rights because I saw the documentary Blackfish. |
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before |
Subordinating conjunction These create a DEPENDENT CLAUSE, and MUST be connected to an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE. (*They leave you hanging.) Dependent clause + Comma + Independent clause. OR Independent clause + Dependent clause (no comma).
Example: Before I learned that fish feel pain, I never thought about if it is right to eat them or not. OR I never thought about if is is right to eat fish or not before I learned that fish feel pain.
*Before can also be a preposition. Example: Before school. |
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even if |
Subordinating conjunction These create a DEPENDENT CLAUSE, and MUST be connected to an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE. (*They leave you hanging.) Dependent clause + Comma + Independent clause. OR Independent clause + Dependent clause (no comma).
Example: Even if the vegans want me to not use animal products, I will still love steak. OR I will still love steak even if the vegans want me to not use animal products. |
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even though |
Subordinating conjunction These create a DEPENDENT CLAUSE, and MUST be connected to an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE. (*They leave you hanging.) Dependent clause + Comma + Independent clause. OR Independent clause + Dependent clause (no comma).
Example: Even though I am for animal welfare, it can be taken too far. OR Animal welfare can be taken too far even though I am for it. |
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if |
Subordinating conjunction These create a DEPENDENT CLAUSE, and MUST be connected to an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE. (*They leave you hanging.) Dependent clause + Comma + Independent clause. OR Independent clause + Dependent clause (no comma).
Example: If I have to keep writing sample sentences about animal rights, I might vomit. OR I might vomit if I have to keep writing sample sentences about animal rights. |
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once |
Subordinating conjunction These create a DEPENDENT CLAUSE, and MUST be connected to an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE. (*They leave you hanging.) Dependent clause + Comma + Independent clause. OR Independent clause + Dependent clause (no comma).
Example: Once I learn these rules, my writing will be better. OR
*Once can also be an adverb. Example: I once ran a marathon. |
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only if |
Subordinating conjunction These create a DEPENDENT CLAUSE, and MUST be connected to an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE. (*They leave you hanging.) Dependent clause + Comma + Independent clause. OR Independent clause + Dependent clause (no comma).
Example: Only if I have the rules memorized, I can rest. OR I can rest only if I have the rules memorized.
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since |
Subordinating conjunction These create a DEPENDENT CLAUSE, and MUST be connected to an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE. (*They leave you hanging.) Dependent clause + Comma + Independent clause. OR Independent clause + Dependent clause (no comma).
Example: Since I was in the fourth grade, I have not had to study grammar so much. OR |
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though |
Subordinating conjunction These create a DEPENDENT CLAUSE, and MUST be connected to an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE. (*They leave you hanging.) Dependent clause + Comma + Independent clause. OR Independent clause + Dependent clause (no comma).
Example: Though I used to get A's on literature tests, I am getting C's on my grammar tests. OR I am getting C's on my grammar tests though I used to get A's on literature tests.
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unless |
Subordinating conjunction These create a DEPENDENT CLAUSE, and MUST be connected to an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE. (*They leave you hanging.) Dependent clause + Comma + Independent clause. OR Independent clause + Dependent clause (no comma).
Example: Unless I raise my English grade, I will not graduate. OR I will not graduate unless I raise my English grade. |
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until |
Subordinating conjunction These create a DEPENDENT CLAUSE, and MUST be connected to an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE. (*They leave you hanging.) Dependent clause + Comma + Independent clause. OR Independent clause + Dependent clause (no comma).
Example: Until I finish studying, I cannot sleep. OR I cannot sleep until I finish studying.
*Until can also be a preposition. Example: Until June. |
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when |
Subordinating conjunction These create a DEPENDENT CLAUSE, and MUST be connected to an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE. (*They leave you hanging.) Dependent clause + Comma + Independent clause. OR Independent clause + Dependent clause (no comma).
Example: When I have memorized all of these cards, I am going to do a dance. OR I am going to do a dance when I have memorized all of these cards.
*When can also be a pronoun. Example: When will I be done? |
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whenever |
Subordinating conjunction These create a DEPENDENT CLAUSE, and MUST be connected to an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE. (*They leave you hanging.) Dependent clause + Comma + Independent clause. OR Independent clause + Dependent clause (no comma).
Example: Whenever I think about my future, it makes me excited. OR |
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whether or not |
Subordinating conjunction These create a DEPENDENT CLAUSE, and MUST be connected to an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE. (*They leave you hanging.) Dependent clause + Comma + Independent clause. OR Independent clause + Dependent clause (no comma).
Example: Whether or not I am ready, the quiz will be on Thursday. OR The quiz will be on Thursday whether or not I am ready. |
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while |
Subordinating conjunction These create a DEPENDENT CLAUSE, and MUST be connected to an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE. (*They leave you hanging.) Dependent clause + Comma + Independent clause. OR Independent clause + Dependent clause (no comma).
Example: While my friends were slacking off, I was studying. OR I was studying while my friends were slacking off. |
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phrase |
A group of words that does NOT contain BOTH a subject (noun or pronoun - the thing that is doing the action) and a verb (predicate part of the sentence that tells what the subject is doing).
Examples: a lovely girl of the birdhouse after school walking down the street talking to my friends to ask a question |
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independent clause |
A group of words that can stand on its own as a sentence and contains BOTH a subject (noun or pronoun - the thing that is doing the action) and a verb (predicate part of the sentence that tells what the subject is doing).
Examples: I love teaching. Learning how to write can be an empowering endeavor. Life is a beautiful thing. |
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dependent clause |
A group of words that can NOT stand on its own as a sentence because it starts with a subordinating conjunction and contains BOTH a subject (noun or pronoun - the thing that is doing the action) and a verb (predicate part of the sentence that tells what the subject is doing). They MUST be attached to independent clauses; otherwise, they are fragments.
Examples: When I grow up If I get a job in June Because I am intelligent
(*They leave you hanging.) Dependent clause + Comma + Independent clause. OR Independent clause + Dependent clause (no comma). |
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conjunction |
A word that joins two (or more) words, phrases, or clauses.
*The word conjunction comes from the Latin word for join together or union. Coniunctionem, also meant sexual union. Who says grammar is boring? |
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coordinating conjunctions |
Join two or more words, phrase or clauses. FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)
Independent Clause + Comma + FANBOYS + Independent Clause.
Example: People enjoy eating animal products, and most Americans are not vegetarian. |
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Subordinating conjunctions |
Start a dependent clause and can only join clauses. They leave you hanging, feeling that you must add more to make a complete thought.
Examples: When, because, if
These create a DEPENDENT CLAUSE, and MUST be connected to an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE. Dependent clause + Comma + Independent clause. OR Independent clause + Dependent clause (no comma). |
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Adverbial conjunctions |
Adverbs that join independent clauses. Think "the fancy ones." They make your sentences sound more academic and need fancy punctuation.
Examples: therefore, nevertheless, furthermore.
Independent Clause + Semicolon + Adv. Conj. + Comma + Independent Clause.
Example: I believe all people can learn; therefore, I have spent twenty years teaching.
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