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10 Cards in this Set

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Aim of Rahe, Mahan & Arthur's study. (1970)
Aimed to test the link between life stress and subsequent illness in a non hospitalised population.
Historical context of Rahe, Mahan & Arthur's study. (1970)

Retrospective research.
Throughout the 1970's retrospective research was done which documented the link between life stress and illness. However, all patients were in hospital so it was a bias sample.
Academic context of Rahe, Mahan & Arthur's study. (1970)

Rosenman and Friedman (1958)
Rosenman and Friedman (1958) found a link between personality type and level of stress. However, it wasn't clear whether pps were likely to be ill due to the stress they experienced or because their personality tended to expose them to more stress.
Procedure of Rahe, Mahan & Arthur's study. (1970)

Participants
SRE
LCU
2,684 naval men on 3 U.S. naval cruisers, average age of 22.3 years. Range of educational backgrounds and experience in navy.
Completed SRE which looks at changes in pp's life such as divorce. Every 6 months for 2 years.
Each thing on SRE was given an LCU that indicated severity of source, LCU were then summed.
Health records were gathered when cruiser returned from duty. Study was prospective.
Findings of Rahe, Mahan & Arthur's study. (1970)

LCU positive correlation
LCU band
Positive correlation between LCU & level of illness.
Positive correlation between LCU band and mean illness. Band 1&2 = 1.405, Band 9&10 = 2.066

Even clearer link when they regrouped them numerically. LCU score of 900 experienced more illness than those with a score of 100.

Finally effects were clearer on the 2 cruisers with easier mission. Suggesting high levels of current stress on the other ship obscured any differences by proceeding life change.
Conclusions of Rahe, Mahan & Arthur's study. (1970)
The intensity of the life change in the 6 months prior to deployment is associated with higher levels of illness on board ship. Therefore, there is a link between subsequent illness and life stress.
Evaluation of methodology of Rahe, Mahan & Arthur's study. (1970)
Strengths.

SRE = Mendels & Weinstein (1972)
Prospective study = makes study valid

SRE impoved reliability = used & revised many times befre use by Raye et al and they used a military specific one. Mendels and Weinstein (1972) tested and retested the SRE and found a continued high correlation between findings suggesting that the questionnaire is reliable.
Evaluation of methodology of Rahe, Mahan & Arthur's study. (1970)
Use of correlations = relationship between two factors, however we cannot be certain that one factor causes a change in the other.

Sample is biased = results cannot be generalised to wider population.
Critically assess Rahe, Mahan & Arthur's study. (1970)

Palesh et al (2007)
Bonanno et al (2007)
Palesh et al (2007) who studied women who had received treatment for breast cancer. They found that women who had experienced more stressful life events were more likely to have cancer return.

Bonanno et al (2007) studied the effect of life events on people affected with post traumatic stress disorder following the 9/11 attacks in New York. They found that those with fewer stressful life events coped better than those who had several. This suggests there is also a cumulative effect between life stress and illness.
Critically assess Rahe, Mahan & Arthur's study. (1970)

Vidal et al (2006)
Kanner et al (1981)
Vidal et al (2006) found no relationship between patients with inflammatory bowel disease. This suggests that not all illnesses are linked to stress.

Kanner et al (1981) developed a hassles and uplifts scale and found uplifts help us cope with daily hassles. This suggests that positive life events affect us as well as stressful ones.