Radtech: A & P Ch.4

Front 1

How many different cells types are there?

Back 1

Over 200

Front 2

How nany basic tissue types are there?

Name them

Back 2

Four
1. Epithelial
2. Connective
3. Muscle
4. nervous

Front 3

What is the study of tissues called?

Back 3

Histology

Front 4

How is epithelial tissue defined?

Back 4

A layer of tightly joined cells that covers an ecternal or internal body surface.

Front 5

What cell groups are also included in epithelial tissue?

What do they do?

Back 5

Glands.

They secrete different substances; hormones, enzymes sweat and saliva.

Front 6

How are epithelia classified?

Back 6

1.According to the number of cell layers in the sheet.

2. According to the shape of their outer cells.

Front 7

Define the classifications of epithelia.

Back 7

Simple.
A single layer of cells. Delicate and found only in protected areas. Best at fluid exchanges.
Stratified.
Several layers. More robust. Found in areas of mechanical and chemical stress.

Front 8

What are the basic shapes of surface epithelium cells?

Back 8

Squamous. Thin and flat

Cuboidal. Square or cube-shaped.

Columnar. Rectangular on end.

Front 9

What are the types of epithelia

Back 9

1. Simple squamous.
For absorption, and slick to reduce friction.

2. Simple cuboidal.
Secretion and absorption.

3. Simple Columnar.
Some protection. In areas of absorption and secretion.

4. Pseudostratified columnar.
Nuclei at varying distances from surface. Looks layered.

5. Stratified squamous.
In areas of mechanical stress.

6. Transitional.
Where changes of volume occur. Stretchable. In the bladder.

Front 10

What are the different gland types?

How do they differ?

Back 10

Exocrine.
Discharge through a duct to the outside of the epithelia.
Digestive enzymes. Perspiration.

Endocrine.
Discharge directly into the surrounding tissue. Hormones

Front 11

What are the basic elements of connective tissue?

Back 11

Three common elements.

1. Some kind(s) of specialized cell.

2. Extra-cellular protein fibers produced by the cell.

3. A ground substance. (varies from fluid to solid)

Front 12

What is a 'matrix'?

Back 12

The combination of Extra-cellular protein fibers and ground substance surrounding the cell.

Front 13

What are the different classifications of connective tissue?

Back 13

1. Connective tissue proper.
Syrupy matrix.

2. Fluid Connective.
Fluid matrix.

3. Supporting Connective.
Solid

Front 14

How many types of Connective tissue proper are there?

Back 14

1. Loose connective (Areolar)
Packing. Fill spaces between organs.

2. Dense connective.
Strong, tough, durable.
Interconnect bone and muscle. Form capsules.

Front 15

What are tendons and ligaments?

Back 15

Dense connective.
Tendons attach muscle to bone.

Ligaments bind bone to bone.

Front 16

What is a distinguishing property of fluid connective tissue?

Back 16

It has its cells suspended in a watery ground substance.

eg. Plasma, Lymph, Interstitial

Front 17

What are two examples of Supporting Connecive tissue?

Back 17

1. Cartilage.

2. Bone

Front 18

Where is cartilage found?

Back 18

1. Nose and ears.

2. Between bones.

3. Covering bone ends.

Front 19

What is 'Perichondrium'?

Back 19

A layer of fibrous connective tissue that surrounds cartilage. Brings nutrients to the cartilage.

Front 20

What is 'Osseous' tissue?

What is it composed of?

Back 20

Bone.

Hard calicum compounds and flexible collagen fibers.

Front 21

What is a 'Body membrane'?

Back 21

A combination of epithelial and connective tissue.

Front 22

Name the body membranes.

Back 22

1. Cutaneous
Covers the body surface.

2. Mucous
Cavities open to the exterior. Kept moist with secretions.

3. Serous
Line sealed internal cavities. Paietal and Visceral. Slippery.

4. Synovial
Loose connective. Separates bones

Front 23

What are the different types of muscle tissue?

Back 23

1. Skeletal

2. Cardiac

3. Smooth

Front 24

What are the characteristics of skeletal muscle.

Back 24

Long cells (muscle fibers)

Bound by loose connective tissue.

Can contract.

Attached to tendons to transmit force to bone.

Striated - in bands

Multi-nuclear

Front 25

What are the characteristics of cardiac muscle.

Back 25

Found only in the heart.

Have smaller striations.

Single nucleus.

Interconnected (at Intercalated discs)

Involuntary

Front 26

What are the characteristics of smooth muscle?

Back 26

Small, slender

One nucleus

Tapers

No striations

Involuntary

In walls of blood vessels and hollow organs

Front 27

What are the basic cells in nervous tissue?

Back 27

Two types

1. Neurons

2. Neuroglia

Front 28

What are the parts of a neuron?

Back 28

1. Cell body
Contains the nucleus

2. Dendrites
Collect inputs

3. Axon (nerve fiber)
Distributes output

Front 29

What are the processes of tissue repair?

Back 29

1. Inflammation
Damaged cells are isolated and removed.

2. Regeneration
Cells are replaced.

Front 30

How does aging affect tissues?

Back 30

1. A decrease in speed and effective of repair.

2. Thinner, more fragile