Radiology Pathology Chapters 5 And 6

Front 1

What is the purpose of the kidneys?

Back 1

To filter blood to maintain homeostasis

Front 2

What study or studies will demonstrate kidney function?

Back 2

IVP

Front 3

Which study may be described as passing a catheter into the bladder via the urethra?

Back 3

Cystography

Front 4

Cystography demonstrates anatomy, does it also demonstrate function?

Back 4

No

Front 5

What study may be described as passing a catheter into the urethra and then into the ureters?

Back 5

Retrograde Pyelography

Front 6

What is filled with contrast in retrograde pyelography?

Back 6

Kidneys

Front 7

Does retrograde pyelography demonstrate function?

Back 7

No

Front 8

What is a disease of the kidneys that involves multiple cysts, causes impaired renal function, and has no treatment? How is it radiographically demonstrated?

Back 8

Polycystic Disease; IVP or Retrograde Pyelography shows enlarged collecting system

Front 9

What is a congenital defect in which the lower poles of the kidneys are fused? Does it require treatment?

Back 9

Horshoe Kidney; No

Front 10

What is a congenital defect in which there is duplication of the collecting systems?

Back 10

Bifid Collecting Systems

Front 11

What is one of the most common congenital defects of the urinary tract?

Back 11

Bifid Collecting Systems

Front 12

What is the disease characterized by inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis with symptoms of fever, malaise, pain, and urgency? How is it treated?

Back 12

Acute Pyelonephritis; Antibiotics

Front 13

What is another term for kidney stones?

Back 13

Renal Calculi

Front 14

Renal calculi are more common in (men or women).

Back 14

Men

Front 15

What are the symptoms of renal calculi?

Back 15

Renal colic (intense pain), urinary tract obstruction, nausea, and vomiting

Front 16

Where do renal calculi form?

Back 16

Collecting system of kidney

Front 17

What does obstruction of the urinary system by a stone cause?

Back 17

Hydronephrosis

Front 18

How do you treat a kidney stone?

Back 18

Nephrolithotomy (Surgery) or Lithotripsy

Front 19

What is dilation of renal pelvis and calices with urine?

Back 19

Hydronephrosis

Front 20

What is a disease caused by bacteria entering through the urethra and characterized by burning pain during urination? How is it treated?

Back 20

Cystitis; Antibiotics

Front 21

What is the term for bone destruction?

Back 21

Osteolytic

Front 22

What is the term for bone forming?

Back 22

Osteoblastic

Front 23

For a osteolytic disease how must you adjust your technique?

Back 23

Decrease your technique (mAs by half)

Front 24

For a osteoblastic disease how must you adjust your technique?

Back 24

Increase your technique (kVp by 15%)

Front 25

When radiographing bones and joints what are the 2 cardinal rules?

Back 25

1. 2 views 90 degrees from each other
2. With long bones include both joints

Front 26

What is the most common congenital disorder of the lower extremity? Is it more common in males or females?

Back 26

Club foot; males

Front 27

When x-raying someone for club foot, how should the foot be x-rayed?

Back 27

Weight bearing

Front 28

What is the most frequent cause of dwarfism?

Back 28

Achondroplasia

Front 29

99% of achondroplasia cases are caused by _____ ______.

Back 29

Spontaneous Mutation

Front 30

What is characteristic of people with achondroplasia?

Back 30

Short arms and legsd

Front 31

What is a congenital disorder that may be described as brittle bone disease in which the person has fragile bones that fracture without trauma?

Back 31

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Front 32

What disease is the opposite of osteoporosis?

Back 32

Osteopetrosis

Front 33

What congenital disease is characterized by growth plates not maturing, & brittle bones that have increased density? How does it appear radiographically?

Back 33

Osteopetrosis, chalky white appearance radiographically

Front 34

What metabolic disorder is characterized by a loss of density, porous, and brittle bones and in adults is caused by lack of estrogen?

Back 34

Osteoporosis

Front 35

What is a nutritional disorder in which there is a deficiency of vitamin D causing decreased bone density causing soft bones that bow and get greenstick fractures?

Back 35

Ricketts

Front 36

What is an inflammatory disease in which there is a spread of bacteria in the bones, patchy destruction of bones and is characterized by swelling of the ankles, knees, and elbows?

Back 36

Osteomyletis

Front 37

What is an inflammatory disease in which there is moderate to severe joint space narrowing? How does it appear radiographically?

Back 37

Rheumatoid Arthritis; whitening in joint spaces radiographically

Front 38

Ankylosing spondylitis is a form of what inflammatory disease?

Back 38

Rheumatoid arthritis

Front 39

Ankylosing spondylitis affects men in there ____ and is characterized by _____.

Back 39

30's; bamboo spine

Front 40

What is a degenerative disorder in which there is degeneration of the cartilage?

Back 40

Osteoarthritis

Front 41

What is the most common form of arthritis?

Back 41

Osteoarthritis

Front 42

What degenerative disorder is characterized by lytic destruction of bone and often occurs in the great toe?

Back 42

Degenerative Gout

Front 43

What is the hormonal disorder that causes giantism?

Back 43

Acromegaly

Front 44

What is the hormonal disorder caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland characterized by a large sella and mandible and exaggerated height?

Back 44

Acromegaly

Front 45

What is a hormonal disorder caused by overactivity of one or more of the parathyroids causing diffused bone demineralization?

Back 45

Hyperparathyroidism

Front 46

What is an idiopathic disorder of males 10-15 in which the tibial tuberosity separates from the tibial shaft?

Back 46

Osgood-Schlatter

Front 47

What is an idiopathic disorder in which bones are deformed, they become hard and brittle, stress fractures are common, and commonly there are small linear fractures?

Back 47

Paget's Disease

Front 48

What is the term for lateral curvature of the spine?

Back 48

Scoliosis

Front 49

What is a complication of scoliosis?

Back 49

Rib cage deformity

Front 50

What is the loss of bone in the vertebral column commonly in L4 and L5? How does it appear radiographically?

Back 50

Spondylolysis; appears as a collar on Scottie dog

Front 51

What is a vertebral column disorder in which there is an anterior movement of one vertebra on another, common at L5?

Back 51

Spondylolithesis

Front 52

What type of vertebral column disorder is a Hangman's Fracture?

Back 52

Spondylolithesis

Front 53

What type of fracture happens when the bone pierces the skin?

Back 53

Open or compound

Front 54

Describe a closed fracture.

Back 54

The skin is not pierced

Front 55

What type of fracture involves one side of the bone and extends incompletely through the bone?

Back 55

Greenstick

Front 56

What type of fracture is completely through the bone?

Back 56

Transverse

Front 57

What type of fracture involves the epiphyseal plate?

Back 57

Salter

Front 58

What type of fracture is in two or more pieces?

Back 58

Comminuted

Front 59

What type of fracture occurs at sites of muscle origin? In what types of people is it common in?

Back 59

Avulsion; gymnasts and baseball players

Front 60

What is the term for realigning a fracture

Back 60

Reduction