Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
define radiation |
energy carried by waves or streams of particles |
|
|
define x-radiation |
high energy radiation produced by collision of beam of electrons with metal target in x-ray tube |
|
|
define x-ray |
beam of energy that has power to penetrate substances & record image shadows on photographic film |
|
|
what does the "x" in x-radiation stand for? |
"unknown" ex" Star Trek episode |
|
|
define radiology |
-study of radiation used in medicine -deals with X-rays & radioactive substances to diagnose and treatment (in dentistry) |
|
|
what type of radiation is used in dentistry? |
x-radiation |
|
|
product/process of X-ray is called _______ |
radiograph |
|
|
define radiograph |
picture/visible photographic record produces by pass of X-rays through object/body aka "x-ray film" not x-ray (beam of energy) |
|
|
define dental radiograph |
photographic image produces on film by passage of X-rays through teeth/related structures |
|
|
define radiography |
art/science of making radiographs by exposure of film to X-rays -study of X-ray imagery |
|
|
define dental radiography |
production of radiographs of teeth/structures by exposure of film to X-rays |
|
|
define dental radiographer |
any person who positions, exposes or process X-ray film |
|
|
purpose of dental radiographs |
-detect lesions/foreign objects -confirm/classify suspected disease -provide info during dental procedures -evaluate growth & development -changes to caries, periodontal disease, trauma -documentation |
|
|
what can X-rays show? |
-unerupted teeth -early caries lesions -effects of lost teeth -periodontal changes -pathology |
|
|
who is Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen? |
physics professor awarded nobel prize in 1901 |
|
|
when did Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discover the x-ray? |
November 8, 1895 |
|
|
Roentgen used _______ ray against a screen to isolate & identify elements components of the ray |
cathode |
|
|
what did Roentgen experiment with? |
vacuum tubes & fluorescent screens |
|
|
what did Roentgen noticed about the screens? |
they were glowing (fluorescence) |
|
|
Roentgen replaced the fluorescent screen with _______ _______ that was able to capture ______ images |
photographic plates, light |
|
|
when Roentgen placed objects in the path of the X-rays... |
shadow of image was recorded |
|
|
who long did Roentgen place his wife (Bertha) hand on the photographic plate? |
15 mins |
|
|
_______ tubes were key to theproduction of x-rays because there were no outside variables to interact withthe ______ inside of the tube. |
Vacuum, beam |
|
|
who built the 1st vacuum tube? |
Heinrich Geissler in 1838 |
|
|
Who was the 1st to use the vacuum tube to study fluorescence? |
Johann Hittorf in 1870 |
|
|
Johann Hittorf calculated the electric capacity of ___ to determine ________ & ______ |
ions, density/contrast |
|
|
what did William Crookes discover in 1870s? |
-cathode rays were streams of charged particles -TV tubes (not discovering x-radiation) |
|
|
what did Philip Lenard discover in 1894? |
-cathode rays can penetrate thin window of aluminum foil -he would have discovered X-rays if he used more sensitive fluorescent screens |
|
|
who took the 1st dental radiograph on Jan 14, 1895 in Germany? |
Dr.Otto Walkoff exposing own mouth on glass photographic plate on his own mouth for 25 mins! |
|
|
who is Dr W.J. Morton? |
-NY physician who took 1st dental radiograph in America -used dried skulls then on w his assistant -also did whole body radiograph -found out adverse effects of X-rays |
|
|
who is Dr. Edmund C. Kells |
-1st intraoral radiograph in U.S on living pt -intensive work on X-ray tubes & high voltage -better quality imagine with less radiation exposure (safety changes) -able to reduce expose to 1-5 mins -lost 3 fingers, hand, arm, killed self |
|
|
William H Rollins (dentist) |
-find protection/safety with X-rays -enclosed tube in radiation proof box -cover pt in radiation proof material -added lead to glass of X-ray tubes |
|
|
who developed the 1st dental X-ray unit and addicted rheostat to sharpen images? |
William H. Rollins |
|
|
what did WilliamCoolidge develop in 1913? |
1st hot cathode X-ray tube (better visual of dental anatomy & tumors) |
|
|
VictorX-Ray Corporation (1923) |
excess X-rays can be stopped by surrounding X-ray tube with oil |
|
|
who was the 1st person to use film in intraoral radiography? |
Frank VanWoert |
|
|
before film, what was used to capture images? |
glass photographic plates (1896-1913) |
|
|
Eastman Kodak was the 1st to manufacture what? |
prewrapped intraoral film |
|
|
what does the bisecting angle technique cause? |
image distortion to replicate original image |
|
|
who created the bisecting technique? |
weston price in 1904 |
|
|
what is rule of isometry? |
how to create dental image by Ciesznski |
|
|
who was the "professor of radiology"? |
Howard Riley Raper |
|
|
what is Roentgenology? |
study of x-radation in honor of Roentgen |
|
|
what did C. Edmund Kells discover about a more ideal image? |
film should be parallel to tooth structure & beam should strike film at perpendicular angle "right angle technique" |
|
|
what is the current technique we use? |
"paralleling" technique by Franklin McCormick |
|
|
who is the father of modern dental radiography? |
Dr. Gordon Fitzgerald |
|
|
what did Dr. Gordon Fitzgerald define |
-lone cone paralleling technique -beam more symmetrical for longer amount of time |
|
|
x-radiation is a ______ exposure to the patient |
dose (need to document even if not billed out) |
|
|
what is "BIS"? |
bisecting |
|
|
what is "PAR"? |
paralleling |
|
|
what is "BWS"? |
bitewing xrays |
|
|
what is "PA"? |
periapical |
|
|
what is "FMX"? |
full mouth survery |
|
|
what is "OCC"? |
occlusal films |
|
|
what is a Dosimeter? |
measure a dose; worn by people who work on X-rays (not worn by patients) |
