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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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-Salter Harris Fracture of the Proximal Tibia
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What should you do when you don't know what the normal anatomy for a breed/species looks like?
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-compare it to the other limb
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-osteochondrosis of the humeral head
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-Panosteitis
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How to use a systemic approach in radiographic interpretation
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-Evaluate quality of the films: properly exposed and positioned, includes all areas of interest, enough views are made in order to diagnose
-Evaluate soft tissues: swelling? mass? mineralization? -Always include the joint proximal and distal to the long bone |
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5 parameters of bone to evaluate
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-site
-shape -size -number -presence/absence |
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Monostotic
-definition |
-affects 1 bone
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Polyostic
-definition |
-affects more than 1 bone
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Cortical bone
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-compact bone on the outside of the bone
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Medullary bone
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-cancellous bone on the inside of the bone
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Periosteum
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-outside surface of the cortical bone
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Endosteum
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-inside surface of the cortical bone
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What is necessary to know in order to understand the disease processes of bone?
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-modeling and remodeling processes of bone
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What happens to articular cartilage as an animal gets older?
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-the articular cartilage mineralizes and shrinks
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Bone responses to insults
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-production of new bone
-destruction of existing bone (combination is usually present with one predominating) |
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How long does it take to radiographically appreciate change in bone?
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-10-14 days
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An area of bone resorption is called
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-lysis/osteolysis
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What is occuring in this image?
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-there is an area of increased opacity, indicative of bone lysis
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How can aggressive bone lesions be characterized?
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-destruction
-production -zone of transition -location -rate of change |
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How can you differentiate and lesion of severe aggressive bone lysis from a lesion of mild bone lysis?
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-mild = smooth margin
-severe = irregular margin |
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What is this?
-describe why |
Geographic lysis
-irregular margin -soft tissue swelling -missing a large lucent area of bone |
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What is this?
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-geographic lysis that probably began in the medullary cavity
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What is this?
-describe it |
Lysis hemangiosarcoma
-permeative lysis -long zone of transition -soft tissue mass is present |
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How do you know there is new bone formation?
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-area of increased opacity
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How do you know if new bone production is benign or malignant?
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-benign: smooth contour and uniform opaque
-aggressive: opacity is not uniform |
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Different ways to describe a periosteal reaction
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-focal, smooth (tendon attachment)
-periosteal buttressing (callus) -thin smooth periosteal proliferation -palisading -multiple layers -spiculation |
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What are the only 2 aggressive reactions that occur in bone?
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-inflammation
-neoplasia |
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Types of Periosteal margins
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-active/aggressive = fluffy
-less active/non-aggressive = sharp (chronic) |
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Enthesophyte
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-reaction of bone to abnormal forces
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Panosteitis
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-endosteal and periosteal new bone
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Describe
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Panosteitis
-Spiculated -amorphous |
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What is this?
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Pallisading periostial growth
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A pallisading growth lesion
-aka |
-Hypertrophic osteodystrophy
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What is this?
-describe it |
Liposarcoma
-spiculated -sunburst pattern |
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Codman's Triangle
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-a triangular area of subperiosteum that separates the periosteum from bone
-almost always associated with aggressive lesions |
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Effect of a degloving injury
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-osteomyelitis
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What occurs in a degloving injury?
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injury is so bad that tissue has been ripped off of the bone
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What is this?
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Chronic HOD metaphyseal cuffing
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Animals that Chronic HOD metaphyseal cuffing occurs in
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-young dogs
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Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy
-secondary condition to |
-neoplasms or infectious masses in the thoracic or abdominal cavities
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Hypertrophic osteodystrophy
-treatment |
thoracic or abdominal surgery
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Describe the lesion.
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-mixed lesion
-hair-like periosteal new bone |
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What type of bony response exicts
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-mixed lesion
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Short vs. Long Zone of Transition
-characteristics |
Long:
-about themajority of the cortical bone Short: less aggressive |
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Which has the longest/shortest zone of transition
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-shortest = right
-longest = left |
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What is this disease?
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-Polyostotic disease
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