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40 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is in the joint space?
-articular cartilage
-synovial fluid
-menisci
-intra-articular ligaments
-infra-patellar fat pad
Normal anatomy of subchondral bone
-thin
-sclerotic
When is subchondral bone smooth?
-mature animals
When is subhondral bone roughened?
-why is it roughened
-growing animls
-the chondral bone is ossifying and becoming bone
Types of joint disease
-noninflammatory
-inflammatory
-neoplastic
Noninflammatory types of joint disease
-degenerative (primary or secondary)
-developmental
-traumatic
Inflammatory types of joint disease
-infectious
-immunologic (erosive or nonerosive)
Degenerative Joint Disease
Degenerative Joint Disease
-aka
-osteoarthrosis
Degenerative Joint Disease
-causes
-Primary: wear and tear, aging
-Secondary: predisposing factor (trauma, obesity, developmental, conformational)
Degenerative Joint Disease
-Radiographic signs
-periarticular osteophytes
-shape change
-joint space narrowing
-sunchondral sclerosis
-capsular distension
-displaced fascial plane
Osteophytes
-definition
-periarticular new bone
-osseous proliferations at the osteochondral margin inside the joint
Hallmark sign of Osteoarthrosis
-osteophyte production
Osteoarthrosis
-flaring of the acetabular rim due to joint laxity
subchondral change
-sclerosis
-sclerosis of subchondral change
-osteophyte formation
What other change can mimic subchondral sclerosis?
excessive periarticular bone
Subchondral sclerosis is a response to...
-loss of articular cartilage
What is the shape change of articular surfaces indicative of?
-chronicity
Wolffs law
-bone in a healthy animal will change under the loads with which it is placed
-remodling
Indication of articular cartilage loss
-joint space thinning
Changes that occur to soft tissue
-synovial distension
-capsulitis
-synovial mineralization and loose bodies
Synovial distension can be due to...
-thickened synovium (membrane)
-increased synovia (fluid)
-lesion
-signs of lesion
-lesion
-signs of lesion
Synovial distension
-thickened synovial membrane or increased fluid (same opacity)
Capsular distension is due to...
-synovial mass either from joint effusion or thickening
Loose bodies in the joint space
What can loose bodies in the joint space represent?
-tear in the ligament
-evulsion of the ligament (ligament tears away from the bone and takes a part of the bone with it)
stages of cartilage loss
stages of cartilage loss
-left: eroded
-right: dramatic erosion
Dysplasia causing erosion of cartilage on the femoral heads
Septic arthritis
-causes
-infectious
-hematogenous
-penetrating wound
-extension from a bone or soft tissue
Hematogenous septic arthritis typically occurs in what animals?
-young animals
Septic Arthritis
-radiographic signs
Early
-capsular distension
-mild joint widening

Later
-narrowed joint spaces
periosteal proliferation
-subchondral osteolysis
Why is it typically difficult to evaluate if there is joint widening present?
-animals are typically not standing when radiographs are taken
Immune Mediated Arthritis
-due to
-systemic disease causing direct or indirect destruction of the joint
Direct vs. Indirect immune mediated arthritis
-direct: erosive
-indirect: non-erosive
Immune mediated arthritis
-types
-rheumatoid arthritis
-lupus erythematosis
Immune mediated arthritis
-signalment
-chronic lameness of multiple joints
-effusion of multiple joints
-moves in a distal to proximal direction
-progression of disease from join instability to subluxation
Immune Mediated Arthritis
-over-represented dog breeds
-shelties
-collies
-beagles
-poodles
Immune Mediates Arthritis
-radiographic findings
-joint effusion
-loss of joint spaces
-subluxation
-focal areas of osteolysis
-osteoporosis
-severe degenerative changeqq
Why would the trabecular pattern in bone get more coarse?
-disuse atrophy