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35 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

All ionizing radiation is harmful and produces biological change in living tissues. (T/F)

A. True

#1: The 2 main mechanisms of radiation injury are ionization and free radical formation.#2: Free radical formation is an example of the indirect theory of injury.


A. Both statements are true


B. Both statments are false


C. Statement #1 is true and statement #2 is false


D. Statement #1 is false and statement #2 is true

A. Both statements are true

The following is (are) true about free radical formation:


A. It is responsible for most of the damage to living tissue during radiation exposure.


B. To achieve stability, free radicals may combine with molecules and produce toxins.


C. Hydrogen peroxide H202 is a toxin produced that causes damage to tissues


D. All of the aboveE. None of the above

D. All of the above

In the sequence of radiation injury, the period between exposure to ionizing radiation and observable signs is known as:


A. The period of injury


B. The recovery period


C. The latent period


D. None of the above

C. The latent period

The amount of energy absorbed by a tissue, measured in RAD's refers to:


A. Dose measurement


B. Exposure measurement


C. Dose equivalent (in man) measurement

A. Dose measurement

All of the following are true about background radiation EXCEPT:


A. It is naturally occuring radiation we are exposed to daily


B. 2 main types are cosmic and terrestrial


C. Medical and dental radiation are the main sources of background radiation


D. None of the above

C. Medical and dental radiation are the main sources of background radiation

Which of the following cound be a long-term effect of x-radiation?


A. Vomiting


B. Cancer


C. Hair loss


D. Hemorrhage

B. Cancer

The type of filtration produced when the x-ray beam passes through the glass window (in the tube), insulating oil and tubehead seal is known as:


A. Added filtration


B. Inherent filtration


C. Total filtration


D. All of the above

B. Inherent filtration

Which of the following exposure factors will INCREASE patient exposure to x-radiation?


A. e-Speed film rather than D-Speed film


B. Long-cone technique rather than short-cone technique


C. Circular collimation rather than rectangular collimation


D. Shorter exposure time

C. Circular collimation rather than rectangular collimation

Which of the following is TRUE of the Dose-Response curve for radiation injury?


A. A threshold dose level for damage


B. The response of the tissues is proportional to the dose


C. It has a linear, threshold relationship


D. All of the above


E. A and B only

E. A and B only

Which of the following is NOT a factor for determining Radiation Injury?


A. Dose rate


B. Cell sensitivity


C. Total dose


D. Occupational exposure


E. Age

D. Occupational exposure

#1 Short-term effects of x-radiation are associated w/ high doses over a short period of time.#2 Long-term effects of x-radiation are associated w/ small doses repeated over a long period of time


A. Both are true


B. Both are false


C. #1 is true, #2 is false


D. #1 is false, #2 is true

A. Both are true

X-radiation injury to reproductive (genetic) cells:


A. Is not seen in the person irradiated


B. Can be repaired


C. Is rarely passed on to the offspring


D. All of the above

A. Is not seen in the person irradiated

Radiation therapy is often successful at destroying cancer cells, this is due to the fact that cancer cell:


A. Are immature (undifferentiated) cell


B. Undergo mitotic activity at a rapid pace


C. Have a fast cell metabolism


D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following in NOT considered a critical organ in dentistry?


A. Skin


B. Thyroid gland


C. Brain


D. Bone Marrow

C. Brain

Which units are traditional units of radiation measurement?


A. Roentgen, Gray, Roentgen Equivalent in Man


B. Roentgen, Radiation Absorbed Dose, Roentgen Equivalent in Man


C. Coulombs/kilogram, Gray, Sievert


D. Roentgen, Gray, Radiation Absorbed Dose

B. Roentgen, Radiation Absorbed Dose, Roentgen Equivalent in Man

The units that measures the amount of ionization by radiation that occurs in the air is the:


A. Roentgen


B. Gray


C. Coloumbs/kilogram


D. Both A and B


E. Both A and C

E. Both A and C

The risk of dental radiography inducing a fatal cancer is:


A. Approximately 3 in a million


B. More likely to occur than from spontaneous cancer formation


C. Approximately the same as the risk of death from riding a bicycle 10 miles


D. All of the above


E. A and C only

E. A and C only

The first important step in limiting the amount of x-radiation exposure is correctly prescribing dental radiographs: (T/F)

True

All of the following are true about pregnancy and x-radiation exposure EXCEPT:


A. The FDA recommendations do not have to be altered


B. In a FMS (18 films) w/ lead apron, the uterus receives .1 REM to the uterus


C. Background radiation in 9 mo accounts for 225mREM's to the uterus


D. You should avoid exposure unless needed (weigh risk to benefit)

B. In a FMS (18 films) w/ lead apron, the uterus receives .1 REM to the uterus

Which of the following is NOT used to focus the x-ray beam and reduce scatter?


A. Lead collimators


B. Position-Indicating Device (PID)


C. Aluminum disks


D. None of the above

C. Aluminum disks

Which of the following is an example of a radiosensitive cell?


A. Muscle cells


B. Nerve cell


C. Mature bone cells


D. Bone marrow cells

D. Bone marrow cells

When taking radiographs, for patient protection during exposure:


A. Always use a lead apron and thyroid collar for intraoral films


B. Protect reproductive and blood forming tissues from scatter radiation


C. Don't use a thyroid collar for panoramic films


D. All of the above

D. All of the above

The single most effective method for reducing a patient's exposure to x-radiation during exposure is:


A. Longer PID


B. Utilizing a lead apron


C. Using a fast film


D. Proper prescription of radiographs

C. Using a fast film

All of the following are Operator Protection Guidelines EXCEPT:


A. Never hold the tubehead during x-ray exposure


B. Stand at least 4 feet away from the tubehead


C. Stand at a position perpendicular to the primary beam (90-135 degree angle)


D. When the adequate distance from the tubehead is not possible, a protective barrier should be used

B. Stand at least 4 feet away from the tubehead

Any radiation with the exception of the primary beam that is emmitted from the tubehead is:


A. Background radiation


B. Compton scatter radiation


C. Leakage radiation


D. Photoelectric radiation

C. Leakage radiation

The Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act:


A. Was enacted in 1981


B. Addressed the certification of persons using radiographic equipment


C. Was set by the federal government


D. All of the above

D. All of the above

The maximum Accumulated Dose (MAD):


A. Is determined by the worker's age


B. Addresses an accumulated (lifetime) dose


C. Is 0.1 rems for non-occupationally exposed persons


D. Both A and B

D. Both A and B

Using E speed film rather than D speed film reduces the exposure time by at least 1/2 (T/F)

True

The film badge for personnel monitoring:


A. Should be worn over the heart


B. Should NEVER be removed


C. May be shared with personnel exposed to similar threat of radiation leakage


D. Should NEVER be worn while the radiographer is undergoing x-ray exposure of their own

D. Should NEVER be worn while the radiographer is undergoing x-ray exposure of their own

The purpose of the aluminum disks in the x-ray tubehead is:


A. To filter out the long wavelength x-rays


B. To focus the beam and reduce scatter radiation


C. To slow down the x-radiation and lower the energy and/or penetrating power of the x-rays


D. All of the above

A. To filter out the long wavelength x-rays

In dentistry, R=rad=rem (T/F)

True

What does ALARA stand for?


A. a least radiation acquired accumulated


B. Aiming for lowest radiation achieved


C. As low as reasonable achievable


D. As low as radiation achieved

C. As low as reasonable achievable

A thyroid shield should NOT be used in panoramic radiography because?


A. The thyroid is not exposed to radiation


B. Thyroid shield does not block radiation


C. Thyroid shield interferes with image


D. Both B and C

C. Thyroid shield interferes with image

Which is the best PID shape for reducing radiation exposure to the patient?


A. Conical


B. Round


C. Rectangular


D. Triangular

C. Rectangular