Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
xrays electromagnetic radiation travels in a straight line, the direction of which can be altered
|
true
|
|
|
the term radiograph is synonymous with x-ray
|
false
|
|
|
MPD is the maximum dose of radiation a person may rceive in a given time period
|
True
|
|
|
Scatter radiation can not be reduced by the collimator
|
false
|
|
|
A radiograph is synonymous with an xray
|
false
|
|
|
a small amount of air within the glass envelope is beneficial because it helps to dissipate heat.
|
false
|
|
|
changing the film speed is done by changing the size of the silver phosphor halide crystals.
|
true
|
|
|
the target is made of copper
|
false
|
|
|
cathode
|
negatively charged electrode
|
|
|
a form of electromagnetic radiation similar to visible light but with shorter wavelengths
|
x-ray
|
|
|
A visible photographic record on film produced by xrays passing through and object
|
radiograph
|
|
|
scatter depends on which of th following
the intensity of the beam the composition of the structure being radiographed kVp level all of the above |
all of the above
|
|
|
which of the following increases radiographic density:
thicker body parts increased mAs increase density of the body part being radiographed decreased kVp |
increased mAs
|
|
|
which of the following shoudl be used to decrease patient motion:
using short exposure times using long exposure times either will decrease patient motion as long as you increase kVp Exposure time has nothing to do with patient motion |
using short exposure times
|
|
|
reducing the number of radiographs that must be retaken is advantageous because it:
reduces radiation exposure to staff reduces the potential amount of sedation necessary for the radiographic study it saves time all of the above |
all of the above
|
|
|
as xrays pass through materials, they have the ability to:
cause some substances to flouresce completely remove an electron from an atom, leaving the atom positively charged cause chemical changes that can kill cells all of the above |
all of the above
|
|
|
xrays with shorter wavelenths penetrate farther than xrays with longer wavelengths
true or false |
true
|
|
|
on the electormagnetic spectrum, in relationship to visible light, x-rays:
|
have a shorter wavelength
|
|
|
veterinary patients have a tendency to move while being positioned for radiographs to be taken. the radiographer should help to safely prevent artifacts of movement by
|
using the shortest exposure time possible
|
|
|
xray tube ratings are based on target angle, focal spot size, electrical current, and
|
anode speed
|
|
|
filaments located in an xray tube are located where
|
in the anode
|
|
|
what is the upper limit of exposure that an occupationally exposed individual may receive according to state and federal regulations
|
0.005 sv/year
|
|
|
a processed film that has not been exposed to ionizing radiation or visible light will appear
|
clear
|
|
|
the main advantage of todays rare-earth-coated intensifying screens is
|
they have a higher x-ray to light conversion efficiency
|
|
|
all of the following are legally valid methods of labelling a radiograph except:
lead impregnated tape lead marker permanent marker photo imprint labeling system |
permanent marker
|
|
|
unexposed silver halide crystals remaining on the film are removed at this stage
|
fixing
|
|
|
advantages of automated film processing include
coinsistent quality of processed radiographs, dry radiographs are produced in a short time a much smaller space is needed all of the above none of the above |
all of the above
|
|
|
which of the following is not required on the label ID of a radiograph
Initials of radiographer date taken patient and owner name name and address of hospital or vet |
radiographers initials
|
|
|
ways to decrease the number of personnel in the radiology suite include
|
sedating patients
|
|
|
the source image distance/ffd:
is directly proportional to the intensity of the xradiation must be considered each time the control panel is set changes only a fw inches between patients and is negligible most commonly ranges from 30-40 inches in vet practice |
must be considered each time the control panel is set
|
|
|
the potential difference between the anode and the cathode is measured in
|
Kilovolts
|
|
|
radiographic contrast is determined PRIMARILY by
|
kVp
|
|
|
when viewing a radiograph of a laterally positioned animal where shoudl the head be
|
face the viewers left with the spine at the top
|
|
|
you have determined that penetration is adequate for a particular abdominal film. All abdominal structures are well outlined. However the film has an overall appearance of being too light. What should you do next
|
increase mAs by 30-50%
|
|
|
a throacic film is too dark. The bone tissue is relatively white, what is the next step
|
decrease mAs by 50%
|
|
|
which of the following are means of eliminating artifact due to motion
short exposure time. highest possible mA longer exposure time. highest possible mA physical or chemical restraint both a and c both b and c |
both a and c
|
|
|
a radiograph has appropriate density and contrast, but there are black tree patterns present, Why
|
static electricity from improper film handling
|
|
|
which of the following can cause light exposure to the film?
a broken casette that does not close properly the film bin door is left slightly open a film box lid is left open or is damaged all of the above none of the above |
all of the above
|
|
|
if the radiographer has developer on thier hands while loading or unloading the casette, what artifact might be seen
|
non generalized black marks
|
|
|
how would a patient be positioned to isolate the scapula as much as possible
|
lateral recumbancy with affected leg closest to the cassette
|
|
|
the lateral view of the elbow requires that
|
the uneffected limb be pulled caudodorsally
|
|
|
a radiograph of he metacarpus-phalanges requires that
|
the beam be centered over the middle of the metacarpal bones
|
|
|
what position shoudl the hard palate be in for a VD skull
|
parallel to the table
|
|
|
what poisition does the hard palate need to be in for the frontal 90 degree rostrocaudal skull view
|
parallel to the table
|
|
|
where would you measure for a lumbar film
|
over the TL junction
|
|
|
What is th edarkrooms most important feature
|
taht it is light proof
|
|
|
the darkroom should have adequate ventilation because
|
fumes can cause film fogging, damage to electrical equipment and health problems for the staff
|
|
|
cleanliness is miportant in the darkroom because
|
dirt and hair from countertops can fall into casettes causing artifacts
|
|
|
when should the labeling of the film take place
|
either during exposure or before processing
|
|
|
what is the ideal patient for developing a technique chart
|
an 18kg ideal weight dog
|
|
|
according to the technique chart rules, if you start out at 10cm (60kVp) what would the kVp be for a 22 cm abdomen
|
86
|
|
|
what should teh kVp and mAs setting be for the 3 trial exposures
|
1.7, 3.3, 5 mAs, 70kVp
|
|
|
what is the radiographic density relationship for kVp
|
increase the kVp by 20%--- double the radiographic density
|
|
|
what would teh kVp vaue for 29 cm patient using a regular variable kVp chart
|
110
|
|
|
what could be the cause of teh white areas on a film
|
contrast medium on the patient, table or casette
|
|
|
a black irregular border occuring on multiple sides of teh film is caused by
|
felt damage on the casette
|
|
|
increased radiographic density with poor contrast occurs when
|
the film was developed with chemicals that were too hot
|
|
|
visible grid lines occur because
|
FFD is not being in the range of the grids focus
|
|
|
the entire film being clear is caused by
|
no radiation exposure
|
|
|
the anodes target:
is composed of tungsten raches temps of 1000C and up usually has a copper base all of teh above none of the above |
all of teh above
|
|
|
what is a possible effect of excessive heat within an xray tube
|
arcing
|
|
|
what is recommended to reduce unnecessary irradiation of the patient or persons restraining the patient and to decrease scatter radiation
|
adjustment of the collimator so that the smallest feild size possible is used
|
|
|
the advantage of using an xray machine with a three phase generator as opposed to a single phase generator include
|
use of shorter exposure times because more power is available to the xray tube per unit time
|
|
|
true or false
non screen film requires greater exposure |
true
|
|
|
what are the appropriate storage conditions for radiographic film?
|
10-15 degrees C
40% humidity verticle |
|
|
what do grids contain that controls scatter radiation
|
lead
|
|
|
to prevent magnification and distortion of the object being radiographed the patient must
|
be as parallel to the film as possible, and be as close to the film as possible
|
|
|
the walls of the darkroom should be white or cream colored because
|
more reflection of the safelight is produced, providing a more visible working environment
|
|
|
what is true regarding safelights
|
must be at least 4 feet from the work area
|
|
|
the temp of the filament within the cathode is controlled by
|
mA setting
|
|
|
when does foreshortening occur
|
when the obect is not parallel to the recording surface
|
|
|
how is the contrast media administered for an excretory urogram
|
IV
|
|
|
where is the contrast media injected for a myelogram
|
subarachnoid space
|
|
|
where is the contrast media injected for an arthrogram
|
in the joint capsule or synnovial fluid
|
|
|
for a right lateral veiw of avian patients the left wings and limb are positioned cranially to the right
|
false (opposite)
|
|
|
the psitive contrast media is completely insoluble in the GI tract and is not absorbed by the abdomen or thorax if leakage occurs
|
barium
|
|
|
What do electrons travel towards?
|
The anode in an x-ray tube
|
|
|
As x-rays pass through materials they have the ability to do what?
|
Cause some substances to fluoresce, completely remove an electron from the atom, and cause chemical changes that kill cells.
|
|
|
What does the mA control?
|
The amount of radiation that is produced.
|
|
|
Who invented x-rays?
|
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
|
|
|
What is a wavelength?
|
It is the distance a wave can move in the time it takes to complete one cycle.
|
|
|
What type of dosimeter can be stored for years, maintains its information, and can be reused?
|
Thermo luminescent dosimeter
|
|
|
Scatter depends on (3 things)
|
Intensity of the beam, composition of the structure being radiographed, and kVp level.
|
|
|
True or false: Animal's cells are not as susceptible to damage from irradiation as human cells.
|
False
|
