• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/89

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

89 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
  • 3rd side (hint)
Four Categories of ESOPHAGEAL LUMINAL NARROWING
Webs
Rings
Strictures
Extrinsic
WoRSE
ESOPHAGEAL LUMINAL NARROWING - Causes of Webs
Idiopathic
Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
2
ESOPHAGEAL LUMINAL NARROWING - Causes of Rings
Congenital (vascular or muscular)
Schatzki's ring
2
ESOPHAGEAL LUMINAL NARROWING - Causes of Strictures
Skin Lesions
Tumor
Esophagitis (barrett's, lye, infection)
Achalasia
Scleroderma
Chagas' dz
6
MEGAESOPHAGUS
• Achalasia
• Scleroderma
• Dilatation secondary to distal narrowing
• Chagas's disease
• Diabetic or alcoholic neuropathy
• Bulbar palsy
ASD CBD
ESOPHAGEAL TEARS
Esophagitis
Tumor
Vomiting
T-E fistula
congenital bronchpulmonary malformation
SOLITARY ESOPHAGEAL FILLING DEFECTS (MASS LESIONS)
Neoplasm
FB
Varices
Extrinsic lesion
4
Benign ESOPHAGEAL FILLING DEFECTS (MASS LESIONS)
Leiomyoma
Pedunculated fibrovascular polyp
cyst
papilloma
fibroma
hemangioma
6
Malignant ESOPHAGEAL FILLING DEFECTS (MASS LESIONS)
SqCC
AdenoCA
Carcinosarcoma
Lymphoma
Mets
5
ESOPHAGEAL AIR-FLUID LEVEL
Hiatal hernia
Esophageal diverticulum
Motility disorder (Achalasia, Scleroderma)
Stricture (benign or cancer)
4
CAUSES OF GASTRITIS
Erosive
Granulomatous
Eosinophilic
Hypertrophic (Menetrier, Z-E)
Radiation
Chemo
Post-op
7
Recurrent gastric ulcer
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Peptic ulcer disease
Retained gastric antrum
Drugs
4
TARGET (BULL'S EYE) LESION OF STOMACH
Gastritis
Infection
Mets (Melanoma, Kaposi's, lymphoma)
Primary tumor (leiomyoma, sarcoma)
GIMP
Infections causing stomach ulcers
candidiasis
herpes
syphilis
CMV
4
Fixed Gastric Filling Defects - Neoplastic
• Adenocarcinoma
• Lymphoma
• Leiomyosarcoma
• Metastases
• Kaposi sarcoma
Fixed Gastric Filling Defects - Non-Neoplastic
• Endometriosis
• Carcinoid
• Benign tumor
• Polyps
• Varices
• Extramedullary hematopoiesis
• Ectopic pancreas
ECBPVEE
GIANT RUGAL FOLDS
Lymphoma
Inflammation
2
LINITIS PLASTICA - neoplastic
scirrhous cancer
lymphoma
mets
direct invasion of pancreatic CA
SLiMeD
LINITIS PLASTICA - non-neoplastic
Erosive Gastritis
radiation
sarcoid
amyloid
hematoma
TB
syphilis
7
GASTRIC ANTRAL LESIONS
Adenocarcinoma
Lymphoma
Metastases
Crohn's
PUD
TB
Sarcoid
Pyloric Stenosis
Pylorospasm
Web
10
FREE INTRAPERITONEAL AIR
post-op
duodenal ulcer perf
cecal perf
pneumatosis coli
insufflation
5
Benign Neoplastic Duodenal Filling Defects
Adenoma
Leiomyoma
Carcinoid
Villous Adenoma
4
Malignant Neoplastic Duodenal Filling Defects
AdenoCA
Mets (direct invasion or melanoma)
2
Non-neoplastic Duodenal Filling Defects
Ectopic gastric/pancreatic mucosa
Prolapsed antral mucosa
Brunner gland hyperplasia
Varices
Annular pancreas
Enterolith
Choledochocele
7
Duodenal LUMINAL OUTPOUCHINGS
Ulcer
Diverticulum (medial, 2nd part)
Pseudodiverticulum
Fistula
4
POSTBULBAR DUODENAL NARROWING
Neoplasm
Postbulbar ulcer
Duodenitis
Crohn's disease
Pancreatitis
Duplication Cyst
Annular Pancreas
Hematoma
Vascular (AAA or SMA syndrome)
9
PAPILLARY ENLARGEMENT (DUODENUM)
Normal variant
Choledochocele
Pancreatitis
Acute duodenal ulcer
Impacted stone
Ampullary cancer
Adenomatous polyp
CA
8
PARALYTIC (ADYNAMIC) ILEUS
Post-Op
IBD
Localized inflammation
Metabolic (hypo-K/Ca/Mg)
Opiates
5
MECHANICAL SBO
• Adhesions
• Hernias
• Tumors
• Gallstones
• Strictures
HAT GaS
Predominantly thick/irregular SB folds
• Whipple's disease
• Amyloid
• Giardiasis (largely affects jejunum), graft vs. host reaction, gammaglobulinopathy
• Cryptosporidiosis (largely affects jejunum )
• Lymphoma, lymphangiectasia, lactase deficiency
• Eosinophilic gastroenteritis
• Mycobacterium avium complex
WAG CLEM
Predominantly dilated SB loops
Sprue
Obstruction or ileus
Scleroderma
Other (morphine)
SOSO
SB thickening
Ischemia
Enteritis
Infectious
Radiation
Hypoproteinemia
GVH reaction
Lymphoma, leukemia
Infiltrating carcinoid causing venous stasis
hemorrhage
9
SB submucosal hemorrhage
• Henoch-Schonlein disease
• Hemolytic uremic syndrome
• Coagulopathy
• Thrombocytopenia, DIC
HHCT
SB nodules
• Mastocytosis
• Lymphoid hyperplasia
• Lymphoma
• Metastases
• Polyps
• Crohn's disease
6
BENIGN SMALL BOWEL TUMORS
• Adenoma (most common)
• Leiomyoma (second most common)
• Lipoma
• Hemangioma
• Neurogenic tumors (NF)
• Other (Brunner gland hyperplasia, Heterotopic pancreatic tissue)
ALLaH NO
MALIGNANT SMALL BOWEL TUMORS
Mets (melanoma, kidney, breast, kaposi)
Lymphoma
Carcinoid
Sarcoma
Adenocarcinoma
5
MESENTERIC BOWEL ISCHEMIA
Occlusive (Embolic, Thombotic, Venous Thrombosis)
Non-Occlusive (hypotension, hypovolemia)
SHORTENED SB TRANSIT TIME
• Anxiety
• Hyperthyroidism
• Medication
• Partial SBO (paradoxical to point of obstruction)
HAMP
Nonneoplastic polypoid abnormalities of the colon
• Lymphofollicular pattern
• Pneumatosis coli
• Colitis cystica profunda
• Amyloidosis
• Endometriosis
• Ischemic colitis
ALP ICE
Aphthoid ulcers of the colon
• Crohn's
• Amebiasis
• Behcet's syndrome
• CMV
• Herpes
5
Deep Ulcers of the Colon
Inflammatory
Infectious
Ischemic
Radiation
4 broad categories
mets to colon
gastric
ovarian
2
LONG (> 10 CM) COLONIC NARROWING
• Scirrhous adenocarcinoma
• Lymphoma
• UC (with or without carcinoma)
• Crohn's disease
• Ischemic stricture
• Radiation
I C SLUR
AHAUSTRAL COLON
• Cathartic abuse (often right colon)
• UC, Crohn's disease
• Amebiasis
• Aging (usually left colon)
CUAA
COLONIC OBSTRUCTION
Carcinoma, 65%
Diverticulitis, 20%
Volvulus, 5%
Impaction
Hernia
CDVIH
MEGACOLON
UC/Crohn's
Infectious (Amebiasis, shigella, C.diff)
tumor
ileus
volvulus
laxative abuse
ogilvie's
hirschprungs
chagas'
neuromuscular disorder
drugs
12
ADULT INTUSSUSCEPTION
idiopathic
tumor
meckel's
adhesions
aberrant pancreas
5
BENIGN CAUSES OF PNEUMATOSIS COLI
• COPD
• Ventilator
• Mucosal injury (rectal tube insertion, colonoscopy, surgery )
• Scleroderma
• Steroids
• Chemotherapy
SERIOUS CAUSES OF PNEUMATOSIS COLI
• Infarcted bowel
• NEC (neonates)
• Toxic megacolon
• Typhlitis
TINT
Causes of Ileocecal Inflammation
Crohn's (string sign)
UC (wide open)
TB
Typhlitis
Tumor (Lymphoma, AdenoCA, Carcinoid)
CUTTT
PROCTITIS
• Condylomata acuminata
• Lymphogranuloma venereum
• Gonococcal proctitis
• UC, Crohn's disease
CLUG
Solid Liver Masses
• Neoplasm
• Focal fatty liver (pseudotumor)
• Regenerating nodules in cirrhosis
3
Cystic Liver Masses
• Infectious (Echinococcus, Amebiasis, Bacterial)
• Benign masses
Simple cysts
Biliary cystadenoma
Obstructed intrahepatic GB
Biloma
• Malignant masses (necrotic primary or mets)
Increased liver density
• Hemachromatosis
• Glycogen storage disease
• Wilson's disease
• Amiodarone, cisplatin
HoGWAsh (cis)
Decreased liver density
Obesity
Nutritional
Alcohol
Diabetes
Steroids
Chemotherapy
CONADS
HYPERVASCULAR PRIMARY LIVER LESIONS
Hemangioma
rare vascular tumors: Hemangioendothelioma, hemangiopericytoma, angiosarcoma
intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
3
HYPERVASCULAR SECONDARY LIVER LESIONS
Thyroid
Renal cell cancer
Islet cell
Melanoma
Sarcoma
Breast
Carcinoid
TRIMS BaCk
ROUND HYPERECHOIC LIVER LESIONS
Hemangioma
Hypervascular metastases
Calcified metastases
HCC
Fibrolamellar HCC
Focal Fat
Lipoma
AML
Gaucher's
HHooCH FFLAG
LINEAR HYPERECHOIC LIVER LESIONS
• Air in biliary tree
• Air in portal veins
• Biliary ascariasis
3
MULTIPLE HYPOECHOIC LIVER LESIONS - TUMOR
• Metastases
• Lymphoma
• Multifocal HCC
HeLM
MULTIPLE HYPOECHOIC LIVER LESIONS - INFECTION
• Multiple pyogenic abscesses
• Amebic abscesses
• Echinococcus
• Candidiasis
• Schistosomiasis
SCAPE
MULTIPLE HYPOECHOIC LIVER LESIONS - OTHER
• Regenerating nodules, cirrhosis
• Sarcoid
• Extramedullary hematopoiesis
• Hematomas
• Hemangioma
HHERS
GAS IN LIVER
• Biliary gas
• Portal venous gas
• Abscess
• Emphysematous cholecystitis
4
EXTRAHEPATIC BILIARY DILATATION - INTRAPANCREATIC
• Cancer (Pancreatic)
• Calculus
• Chronic pancreatitis
CCC
EXTRAHEPATIC BILIARY DILATATION - SUPRAPANCREATIC
Biliary Ductal CA
LAD
2
EXTRAHEPATIC BILIARY DILATATION - PORTAL
• Invasive GB carcinoma
• Surgical strictures
• Hepatoma
• Cholangiocarcinoma
SHIC
Diffuse (concentric) GB wall thickening
Non-fasting
Cholecystitis (acute and chronic)
Portal venous hypertension
Hypoalbuminemia
Hepatitis
AIDS
Ascites
NCPHHAA
Focal GB wall thickening
Neoplasm
Sludge (adherent)
AIDS
NSA
HYPERECHOIC FOCI IN GALLBLADDER WALL
• Calculus
• Polyp
• Cholesterol
• Emphysematous cholecystitis
• Porcelain GB
CCPEP
DENSE GALLBADDER (CT)
• Vicarious excretion of contrast
• Calculi
• Milk of calcium bile
• Reflux of oral contrast
• Hemorrhage
VCMRH
CYSTIC PANCREATIC LESIONS
Microcystic adenoma (benign)
Mucinous cystadenos (pre-malig)
epithelial malignancy
simple cyst (VHL)
pseudocyst
Duct ectasia
6
HYPERECHOIC PANCREAS
• Cystic fibrosis
• Pancreatic lipomatosis
2
FOCAL SPLENIC LESIONS - TUMOR
mets (lymphoma, melanoma, ovary)
hem/lymphangioma
hamartoma
rare stuff
MHH(R)
FOCAL SPLENIC LESIONS - INFECTION
Abscess
Candidiasis
TB
MAI
Schisto
PCP
CaTS MaP
FOCAL SPLENIC LESIONS - OTHER
Infarct
Hematoma
Cyst
Gaucher's (fatty nodule)
CHIG
SPLENOMEGALY
Leukemia/Lymphoma
Mono
Histo
Gaucher's
Amyloid
Hemochromatosis
Trauma
Portal HTN
Thalassemia
Myelofibrosis
Anemia
THuMP HAG MALT
PERITONEAL WATER-DENSITY FLUID COLLECTIONS
• Ascites
• Urinoma
• Biloma
• Seroma
• Lymphocele
• Pancreatic pseudocyst
• CSF pseudocyst (VP shunt)
7
COMPLEX PERITONEAL FLUID COLLECTIONS
• Abscess
• Hematoma
• Pseudomyxoma peritonei
• Pancreatic necrosis
AHPP
INTRAPERITONEAL CALCIFICATIONS
Arterial
Enteric
Lymph Node
Pancreas
Biliary
Renal
old hematoma
uterus
fetal skeleton
phlebolith
teratoma
echinococcal cyst
12
GI Infection in AIDS
• CMV
• Candida
• Herpes
• Cryptococcus
• MAI
CCCHM
GI tumors in AIDS
• Kaposi
• Lymphoma
2
esophageal ulcers in AIDS
Candida
CMV
herpes
3
esophageal sinus tracts in AIDS
TB
actinomycosis
2
proximal small bowel ulcers in AIDS
cryptococcus
1
proximal small bowel nodules in AIDS
Kaposi's, MAIC
2
distal small bowel enteritis in AIDS
TB
MAIC
CMV
3
Colitis in AIDS
CMV
C. diff
Typhlitis
3
biliary strictures in AIDS
CMV
cryptococcus
2
ABDOMINAL COMPLICATIONS AFTER CARDIAC SURGERY
7• GI hemorrhage, 50%
• Cholecystitis (emphysematous, acalculous, or calculous), 20 %
• Pancreatitis, 10%
• Perforated peptic ulcer, 10%
• Mesenteric ischemia, 5%
• Perforated diverticular disease, 5%
6